Income distribution is one of the core challenges facing China's economic development at this stage。Since World War II，There are only 13 low -income economies that have converged to developed countries (Portugal、Spain、Greece、Poland、Slovak、Estonia、Israel、Cyprus、Japan、Korea、Singapore、Taiwan, China and Hong Kong, China)。During the high -speed growth process of these economies，Equipment of income inequality at a lower level，Realized "Equal Growth"。On the contrary，Developing countries with deteriorating income distribution have not achieved long -term economic growth。Since the 1960s，Most Latin American countries are in the process of industrialization，Unstable political situation，Economic growth is difficult to follow，Finally fell into the "Secondary Income Trap"，Leading economic stagnation。So，Can the Chinese economy successfully crosses the "secondary income trap"，Income distribution plays a vital role。

In recent years，my country's income distribution status has improved，But still not to be optimistic。The Gini coefficient of domestic residents' income from 2012-2017 announced by the National Bureau of Statistics，0.474、0.473、0.469、0.462、0.465 and 0.467。Despite the faint decline trend，But its value is still higher than the "warning line" of the wealthy gap between the rich and the poor recognized by the international community -0.4。In addition，Chinese Family and Personal Tracking Survey (CFPS) data display，China in 2010 and 2012, the foundation coefficients were 0.51 and 0.49。and Chinese Family Financial Survey (CHFS) data display，China ’s foundation coefficient in 2010 has reached 0.61。The continuous deterioration of the income distribution structure has attracted great attention from the bet365 best casino games government，"Reduce income gap，Increase residential income，The results of the development of sharing economy "have become an important development goal of my country at this stage。

What needs to be pointed out is，The worsening income distribution and the main mechanism of economic growth is the uneven opportunity。Under the premise of equal opportunities，Social inequality often stems from the differences in personal efforts，to motivate individuals to work harder，The macro level is conducive to sustainable economic growth。Converse，The income distribution caused by unequal opportunities，It is easy to cause social contradictions，Then hinder economic growth。So，Equalization of realization is to promote economic growth、Important means to improve income distribution。From theoretical logic,，There are two main sources of personal income: obtaining labor income from the labor market，Get its capital income from the financial market。Constructing a revenue distribution system that reflects efficiency and promote fairness，Need to from the labor force、Capital and other factors market opportunities are equalized。

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Education is a low -income class to increase income level、The most important channel for realizing the rise of the class。The college entrance examination and other systems have allowed many people to move from the countryside to the city，Starting from a small city to a big city，Not only improves its own income level，It also promoted the flow of social class，It plays a very important role in improving income distribution。But in recent years，Unemployment of Chinese education opportunities began to intensify，CICC in the social class is becoming increasingly prominent，Concentrated reflected in uneven opportunities in urban and rural education。Current，Education funding for the average student in China is nearly two times the rural。Differences in education inputs lead to the increasing quality gap in urban and rural education，The gap between urban and rural income is also difficult to bridge。Study discovered，Education level differences are Bet365 app download the most important influencing factor in the gap between urban and rural income，The degree of contribution reached 34.69 %; if the average educational expenditure in rural areas is the same as the city，The income gap between urban and rural residents will be reduced by 50%。

Except for uneven opportunities in urban and rural education，Education opportunities and regional education opportunities between regional regional are also obvious unbalanced。Educational resources are often richer in developed regions，Education investment more，Education quality is also higher，The regional gap between education will further expand the regional income gap in the long run。Specifically，The education development gap in various provinces in my country is one of the important reasons for the gap between regional income，The continuous balanced development of education will help reduce the income gap between regions。Educational opportunities within the area are uneven，It is mainly reflected in the education opportunities of high -income people are significantly greater than low -income people，Then deepen the unevenness of income，At the same time, it is more likely to cause class solidification。

Education opportunities are unequal to economic efficiency to adversely affect。Human capital is one of the most important decisive elements that affect the economic growth of a country。Reduce uneven education opportunities，Not only can it alleviate social inequality，It can also improve social efficiency，Promoting economic growth。The implementation of compulsory education in the nine -year system，Provides basic education guarantee for low -income groups，It is a basic premise for equality of education opportunities。But，Education quality is still between urban and rural areas、Between regions、There are obvious differences in the internal urban，This requirement is while further consolidating the results of compulsory education，Increase the average educational funding investment in rural areas and backward areas，Improve its education quality，Bet365 lotto review Constantly promoting educational opportunities equalization。

　　2，Further promote the reform of the household registration system，Promote the equalization of the labor market opportunities。

The household registration system has a profound impact on the inequality of my country's labor income。Generally speaking，Labor power from the first industry to the second、In the process of the transfer of the three industries，Its wage level will increase significantly，As a result, income level of low -income groups。But the household registration system strictly restricts the labor force in urban and rural、Free flow between regions，Become a key factor that leads to the current income gap between urban and rural income。Since the reform and opening up，A large number of rural population poured into the city，But the salary of the migrant workers group has a certain gap with citizen wages，The phenomenon of different remunerations of the same workers is very common。The "new binary structure" is formed by whether the city has owned local hukou "，This institutional division is deeply affected by the income distribution of the internal income of our country。Look again，Employment system established based on the household registration system、Education system、Medical System、Social Security System, etc.，Formed urban and rural、serious opportunities between regions are uneven，The income gap continues to expand。In addition，The household registration system is not conducive to the optimization configuration of labor resources，Obstacles to improve economic efficiency。

In recent years，my country's household registration system reform steadily advances，The opportunities of the labor market are equalized.。But，Education system connected to the household registration system、Medical System、The social security system has not yet "broken ice"，Realize the labor market opportunities equalization and long -term and far away。For example，Pension and medical insurance flows still have many obstacles，Different places (especially big cities) Children are still difficult to enter school。Education、Bet365 app download Medical、Areas of public service resources such as social security、Urban -Rural Division，seriously hindered the freedom of labor，Reduced economic growth potential，expanded social inequality。For this，It is necessary to coordinate education、Medical、Social Security and other resources，Breaking the local segmentation，Promote the freedom of labor，Realize social fairness and sustainable economic development。

　　third，Accelerate the reform of the financial market，Promoting the equalization of the financial market opportunities。

Finance is the core of economic development，It is also an important factor affecting income distribution。The development level of the financial market has a significant impact on the distribution of the income of a country，The development of financial market development often worsen income distribution。If a national financial market is operating well，Residents can share the results of economic growth through the financial market (including stock markets and banks, etc.)。So，When a country's economic growth rate is higher，The return rate of its bank deposit (real interest rate) and the stock market return rate is also higher。But，The relationship between my country's stock market return and economic growth is relatively weak，The return rate of bank deposits is also disconnected from economic growth。For example，Since the reform and opening up，The average annual growth rate of my country's GDP exceeds 8%，But the real interest rate of one -year bank deposits is less than 1%，far below economic growth rate。

The main reason for the disconnection of the return rate of economic growth from the financial market (especially the banking system) in my country，lies in interest rate control。my country's long -term control of the highest interest rate and minimum interest rate of deposits and the lowest interest rate of loans。The interest rate of being controlled is often lower than the market interest rate，Its purpose is to subsidize the key industries that require support in the form of low interest rate forms (such as the heavy industry in the early days of the founding of Bet365 lotto review New China)。But，This interest rate control has a large negative effect on the distribution of income。Interest rate control allows some companies to get low -cost financing，and residents can only get very low savings income，Forms an inverted mechanism for a resident subsidy enterprise。Facing low capital use price and relatively high labor costs，Enterprises are more inclined to choose capital -intensive technology，Capital replace labor，Then the proportion of labor income declines，Whenea income distribution。At the same time，Inside the residents，Often the poor are depositors，The rich is a borrower。Interest rate control actually caused the poverty -stricken to subsidize the rich people's inverted mechanism，The trend of accelerating the concentration of resident wealth distribution to the rich。Interest rate control also inhibit the enthusiasm of individuals in the field of financial investment，Turn it to real estate investment such as real estate。and the strong demand for house buying for residents，also caused house prices to continue to rise、Rental rents continue to rise，Further worsening the income distribution pattern。

In recent years，my country has gradually liberalized interest rate control，greatly promoted the marketization process of interest rates。But，Only combine the unconstrained interest rate and market -oriented active subject，can realize the marketization of interest rates in the true sense。Current，The interest rate of my country's financial market is basically determined by market power，But the main body participating in the financial market still does not have marketization。Local Government、State -owned enterprises, etc., have an important impact on financial market prices for the subject that is not sensitive to interest rates，Make the financial market price signal distorted。So，The essence of interest rate marketization，Not only in the "deductive control" of interest rates，More importantly，Make the interest rates of various financial markets accurately reflect capital Bet365 lotto review return，Let residents share the development results brought about by economic growth through the financial market，This is a key problem that my country's next financial market reform must face and solve。

In general，Equivalence in the labor market and financial market opportunities is to build a reflection efficiency、The center of gravity of promoting fair income distribution system，The focus is to promote equalization of education input、Reform of the household registration system and the reform of the financial system。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Economics of Central University of Finance and Economics)