Before the Chinese science and official system established in modern times，The imperial examination system is the world's most advanced selection talent system。It has a profound impact on Chinese society and even the world，It is determined by its multiple functions，The specific performance is as follows。

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The imperial examination not only denys the impact of the relationship between blood and skirts on selection talents in the system，and in the implementation, it has also been generally achieved the objective and fairness of the selection of talents。Especially the system and cheating system and admission procedures for preventing and punishing cheating are becoming more and more stringent;、The collective alliance oath system of the trial examiner and deacon officer，Oath if you do not engage in public，Gan condemnation，"Eight Stocks" style of style also formed，And the examiner must write a comment on each answer sheet according to the unified standard; forty years of Wanli (1612)，Ming court even stipulated that the "drop volume" was returned to the candidate，Its confidence comes from the promise and fairness of the examiner's comment。

The person selected by the imperial examination is the official who wants to be an official，Therefore, the corresponding relationship between the level of the fame and the preliminary official position is also continuously strengthened: the initial formation of the Song Dynasty，Stability of the Yuan Dynasty，The Ming Dynasty Division's Restingment System is unprecedented，From the people to the champion, they have roughly corresponding to the first official bet365 live casino games position，The Qing Dynasty followed the Ming System。This not only significantly improves the fairness of the selection officer，It has also greatly improved the attraction of the imperial examination。

The stable society is mainly manifested in two aspects。One aspect，The imperial examination has contributed to a positive social flow。Because the imperial examination is open、Objective、A fair advantage，In the institutional system, the lower -level civilians can be promoted to high -level through imperial examinations，And those in the upper level can also maintain their superior position with the help of the imperial examinations，This greatly enhances the cohesion of all levels。As the Tang Dynasty Yuanzai、Niu Sengyu and other Xun scholars are from the scholars in the exam to the official to the prime minister，Song Dynasty Hanshi was more common for promoting high -level officials through imperial examinations，such as Ouyang Xiu、Fan Zhongyan, etc. are all civilians，Therefore, "Chao Tian She Lang，Mu Deng Tianshitang "spread widely。The author counted the 16,141 Jinshi of the Ming Dynasty，Born in "Three Generations of Pure Civilian Family"，accounting for 43.34%of the total，Born in the previous three generations of non -actual officials and family members accounted for 58.65%of the total。The social flow caused by the imperial examinations of the Qing Dynasty was slowed down，But ordinary people and almost all scholars still regard imperial examinations as the most important and best channel for achieving social status，Ru Yuan Pei Guangxu Eighteen years (1892) Chinese Jinshi，grant Hanlin Academy Ji Jishi; as well as Jiang Menglin said in his autobiography: "My childish heart，Fantasy I love myself every day than God，High -rising in the fame，Xiu Xiu Cai will be raised again，China Lifting People and then Jinshi，Finally one day Bet365 lotto review I became a very big official。""，Late gold at the end of the Ming Dynasty、Dushun、Daxi and the regimes in the early Qing Dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of the late Qing Dynasty have opened the sciences，It can be seen that the imperial examinations of the establishment of a regime、The irreplaceable effects that have been enjoined and stable。

On the other hand，All dynasties have continuously improved the preferential treatment policy for Luo Shizi。Song Dynasty science lifting in "Playing Famous Scholars、Zhuke "outside，Implementing preferential treatment policies for those who have tried repeatedly and older，Give it to "Special Famous Jinshi、Zhuke "merit。Editors of the two Song Dynasty admission of Jinshi、About 110,000 people，Among them, more than 50,000 people。Although the junior enrolled in the Ming Dynasty was only 24586 people，But the person who has not tested the jinshi also began to become the lifelong name of the jinshi，With continuous participation and selection official qualifications，Total more than 80,000 people。and，Trial and Return of the Township Test -Mansion、State、County students also become the lowest level of work，Not only the costumes set by the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty，and "Free His Family Er Ding Different"，廪 廪 can also enjoy the free food for official learning，The Qing Dynasty also attacked the Ming system。Through the interview、Township Test Substation "Full Cover" preferential treatment system，Makes it from the imperial examinations to a lifelong enjoyment of the corresponding reputation，End with the court as a community of interests，Create a gentry class that connects the court and the bottom people，Become the foundation of consolidation and strengthening the broad and solid foundation of local social rule。

　Promote the development of regional cultural development in the back of the side

The imperial examination "One takes Cheng Wen for Bet365 app download staying"，Although it is the fundamental principle of its fair election，But if it is absolutely adhered to，It will also make scholars in the distant culture behind are not good or even eliminated in the exam，This is obviously unfavorable to consolidate the rule of the central government for these regions。Therefore, since the beginning of the Song Dynasty，In the imperial examination record, the dynasties of the dynasties gave good care of the scholars in these areas，Ru Song "Zhe Temple，Lilu Luo Shuo's Five Road System，Do n’t take the exam for all northern people，Then take the north and south "。The 4 -class person and regional quota system combined with the Yuan Dynasty，It is stipulated that 17 areas in the country holding township trials are admitted to candidates to go to the meeting for the meeting，Among them, Mongolia、Color、Han people、75 people each，Trial 100 people will be tried，Four others account for 25 people。Ming Xuanzong Shi Xingxiang Trial Press the quota、Try to score the north -south volume admission system in proportion。In the Qing Dynasty, the Township Examination was implemented、The admission system for the test will be based on the direct province's quota。

From this，The imperial examination not only promotes the development of the culture of remote and backward areas，and significantly improved the cohesion of the court。

　　Inject new content into the development of cultural customs

The imperial examination is like a huge engine of the power，continuously transport and popularize the traditional Chinese culture with Confucianism as the main body to southeast、Lingnan、Southwest、Northeast and other frontier areas，It is important to promote Confucian culture to become the mainstream culture of the country。

First，The imperial examination greatly enriches Chinese vocabulary。Such as "Gold List Title" and "Toad Palace Folding Gui", all refer to the test of the Chinese imperial examinations or juniors;，After the bet365 Play online games ranking ranked first or ranked first; "wind eaves 晷 晷" refers to grasping every inch of time (answer)，Describe the tension of the imperial examination examination; "small questions and big do" refers to make small questions into large articles; in addition，"Break the Heaven", "Famous Sunshan", "Five Son Dengke"，and even the "Five Kui Chia" in the wine order is also the product of the imperial examination。

Second，The imperial examination provides rich materials for the creation of literary works。If Feng Menglong's "Three Words" at the end of the Ming Dynasty、Ling Mengchu's "Two Shooting"，In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Jingzi's "Confucian Foreign History" and other literary works all described the content of the imperial examinations。

Last，The social customs after the Tang and Song dynasties also reflect the impact of the imperial examinations everywhere。If promoting the school's atmosphere and piety、persuaded good, etc.，Another example is "Scholars' Members of the Emperor's Banquet，The ‘burning tail’ ”，Another as many places build the "Wenfeng Tower", "Wenchang Pavilion" and Emperor Bai Wenchang，Create a California Archway and Title Monument to show the glory of the fame，All inject new content into the development of social customs。

，In order to support the normal holding of the imperial examination and the preparation and test of the national scholars，Liangmin scholars and their families at all levels of the official financial and society、The family has invested a huge amount of financial resources、material resources，The continuous expansion of the scale of the imperial examination has promoted the papermaking、Book、Counseling、Report、Traffic、Hotel、Catering、Entertainment and other industries for development，formed a "imperial examination economy" with a wide range of characteristics and influence，and became an indispensable part of the economic form and bet365 Play online games economic operation at that time。

In short，The multiple functions of the imperial examination make it a lord -lord、bureaucracy、Gentlemen、People、Politics、Education、Economy、Joint nodes in different regions and all aspects of society。Although the imperial examination of the Qing Dynasty is increasingly rigid，Old test content，The selected person cannot adapt to the need for urgent rich country and strong soldiers，But the function of the "joint node" as parties to the parties has not changed，The characteristics of the objective and fair selection of talents are also generally maintained。In the late Qing Dynasty, the improved faction saw the side effects brought by its rigidity，In 1905, I played for Xingxin。The abolition of the imperial examinations has led to the separation of the parties that was originally collapsed by it，The Qing court was overturned，It has nothing to do with the loss of the rule of rule。Liang Qichao, who had previously criticized the imperial examination, traveled to Europe and the United States，Witness the results of the Western Civilian Civilian examination system transformed by the Western country with the help of the Western countries，I also soon realized that the imperial examination "A real invention of my ancestors a thousand years ago"，And pointed out, "This method is made in our country!，I am the disadvantage of punishment，Due to waste food，It is unwise! I said it was fierce: Fu Duke!。Of course，Liang Qichao, who adheres to the theory of historical evolution and the disadvantages of imperial examinations, calls for "Fu Keer"，Refers to the basic principles and rules of the recovery of the imperial examination through strict examinations with objective fair admission talents，instead of restoring the abolished imperial examination system。

(this article is the major research special research of the Chinese Institute of History of Bet365 app download the National Social Science Foundation "The historical significance and contemporary value of the origin of the history of Chinese civilization and the history and culture of the history and culture (20@wtc019)

(The author is a professor at the School of Social History of Fujian Normal University、Vice President of the Chinese Ming History Society)