A view from the perspective of communication and social integration，Modernization and its main ways -industrialization、Urbanization、Market competition and scientific and technological revolution，reliance on diversity and diversification，Always renewed to strengthen。According to the modern discussion of the Western popularization，This will lead to the tension between the relationship between "one" and "more" in national and social governance，Consensus often becomes scarce and difficult。Charles Taylor calls "hidden concerns of modernity": Excessive diversifiedism will trigger a crisis and "bitter fruit of the society"。To overcome the "differentiation in progress" in modern society，Rars and Habermas have proposed the famous public rational and interaction rational ideas。Rovers claims that multiple subjects are based on public rationality -some authoritative values ​​or public reasoning rules、program，Syndrome to be a public reason，Can reach overlap consensus。Habermas advocates building a rational reason，I hope that multiple subjects can be true、True、Justice、Reaching a consensus in the understandable dialogue。

Public rationality and communication rationality generally belong to procedural rationality。Rovers、Habermas entrusts complex consensus issues to the ideal communication procedure，and procedural rationality does not necessarily promise the results of public and good。Just as Gadamer and others criticized，Human conversation、Consensus issues narrowed to program bet365 Play online games rationality，It is difficult to alleviate modern rational and consensus crisis。In addition to the rationality of the procedure，Shang Ying should revive traditional humanism，The source of the value of consensus。China's modernization process also faces challenges of consensus mechanism reconstruction，"One Duo" relationship has become a major historical topic。And the traditional Chinese culture has accumulated a wealth of ideological heritage about the balanced "one -way" relationship，One of the main aspects is value rational development and publicity construction。

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Xunzi thinks，The reason why people are "the most expensive in the world"，Real people are social existence，"People and Religious Group"。Xunzi's "group" is from points、Li、Method、Ren、Yiwu "group and" society。Diversity、How to structure dispersed individuals into consensus、Elementary country and society? Self -answering in the "King of the King"，"Division"; "Fulze" also holds this theory，"Life of Man，No group。group without division，Conflict is chaotic，Random is poor "。Divided into a functional group，There are two referred to: division of labor、name points，That is through the name of the name、The explicit points make people settle their positions，Generation name is consistent、Social relationship with clear order。

How can you ensure that the individual "made the group"? Xunzi's plan is Long Li's method，"To Dao Grand，Long Li to Fa，then state -owned "。3245_3258，Long and young order，The weight of the rich and poor，Both the consensus "for consensus reference。Fa is a guidelines for social behavior and coordination of social relations，"Dharma，Duan of the rule "。What is the credentials of ritual law? Xunzi gave a typical Confucian answer: Renyi。"Better Renpai Lover，The harm of the bet365 best casino games lover and the wicked;，The disorder of the evil people also。"Renyi is the value guide of ritual law，Injecting value power and moral ideals for it。So far，Xunzi completed the three -step demonstration of the "energy group": the explicit points of the group，That is to establish an individual social identity、Level and corresponding role relationship;，coordinate with ritual law、Standardize social communication and behavior; Litong Renyi，That is the source of the inner value，Adjustment through righteousness，Counseling as a ritual law that is standardized as an external relationship。

Xunzi Queen and Confucius Zheng name、Fu Li、The design of Guiren in the world is generally like。with Confucius，Ren Nai Tianyu's virtue or people's "all virtue"，Is a transcendent moral reality。Mencius also said，"Benevolence is sex"。Confucius and Meng gives benevolence to transcendence，Xunzi is relatively important to pay attention to the norms of world politics and the benevolence in the world。Observation，The pre -Qin Confucian Construction has built Youdao、De、Li、Method、Division of all -in -one，Consensus mechanism with the world as the origin of value。This mechanism sends the meaning of benevolence -moral truth or moral rationality，Depending on Ritual and Fa -System or Procedure Reason，Implementing to the bright division -people carry their own things without harm。

　　Axiom recognition and reason

and the beginning of the Han Dynasty，Dong Zhongshu's need to cooperate with the unified empire creators，strengthened the sacred authority of heaven upward，The validity of the power order of ritual and law service is strengthened downward。Song Ming Confucianism wants to surpass the Han and Tang dynasties and return to the pre -Qin Confucian humanism，Build a truthful nature and heaven，and incorporate it into mind sex。Cheng Bet365 lotto review Yi、Zhu Xi emphasizes "reasoning is the heaven"，It is no longer a certain will to heaven，And the first meaning of the reason，After the sky retreats to the second place。It is the ultimate existence to become the ultimate existence of all things，Differential theory, start to get rid of the rough cosmic theory，Turn on the Exploration of the General Axiom of Priority。The Song Dynasty monarchs and scholars believe，"The most principle of the world"。and the greatest truth，That is the "Public Foundation" called Cheng Zhu called。

Zhu Xi proposed，"The theory of love for love"，Ren Nai Li's embodiment in "Love"，Therefore, I am preferred to be in Ren。"Ren is heaven，Gong is heaven "，And Gong Nairen's previous part。If it is not for the public，It is difficult to expand the benevolent in practice from "love self -starting" to "Pan Love"。It is the public as a value guarantee，Individuals can be carried by yourself、"Benevolence and Family" expanded to "Ren and One Country", "Ren and the World"。Where does this reason come from? Zhu Xi and others think that the truth is full of high，But the person can be "physical"，That is, through sincerity、The grid knows and recognizes the ultimate theory。Yangming Heart Study further proposes "mind is the reason"，"To Knowing" means seeking heaven。From the perspective of public life and social communication，From the perspective of public life and social communication，So "Everyone is doing their own strength and spirit，Only work hard on this heart "，It can promote the communication between self -heart and his heart，Until the ideal order of the human body's deeds and the "one day" and "seeking Datong"。

Song Mingli spent a lot of energy to discuss a key proposition: one point。Cheng Yan believes that the logic of "The Golden Mean" is "Startup and One Law，Zhong San is everything，Finally compound as one Bet365 app download reason "。Cheng Yi summarizes the ideas of Zhang Zai's "Ximing" as "one point"。The reason is the traditional Chinese traditional cosmic theory、Ethics、A meta -judgment of political and sociological thoughts，Treatment of the "one Duoduo" relationship in public life with it。It is a nearly perfect preset in the ideological structure: both "reasoning one"、Generally speaking in axioms- "In terms of all things in Heaven and Turce，It's just a reason "，Acknowledge、Different Different Different Different Different Individuals。From the pre -Qin to Songming，The main change of the consensus mechanism is the understanding of "one" by "Tiandao -fairness -moral rationality"，Converted to "Skylord -Truth -Truth -Truth Reason"。

　　Public discussion confirmation and Li Li agent

From Mencius's Heart Raise Road to Zhu Xi’s Heart Poverty、Yangming's heart is reason，Traditional mind sex theory puts the ultimate theory in the heart。Dai Zhen in the Qing Dynasty questioned this，Think that the mind is to be reduced to the "theory of opinion"。Once the truth is mixed with this heart，Must fall as subjective opinions。Dai Zhen's process of observing the intellectual，It is no longer a subjective deed or moral reflection，and must be confirmed by rational wisdom。People detailed、After analyzing things，The universal law of income is the reason。"Dimin，Each is not easy to get it，Name Lee。"Dai Zhen realized the tension between truth and opinions: consensus can only be from people's rational consciousness of common rules，and people often get rid of their own opinions。Based on this，He throw his eyes into the individual，Reconstruction of self -denial，Under the opinion of individuals，Make it in response to truth。

Huang Zongxi earlier than Dai Zhen is more concerned about the possibility of public opinion expression，instead of returning to individual cultivation。bet365 best casino games Huang Zongxi proposed that the public should pay public discussions，Construction of the school as a publicity space。This proposition is quite close to the discussion of public opinion and publicity issues in the contemporary Western Enlightenment;，One of the main functions of the school is the adoption，Elite for the competent proposal。Public、Equal discussion、During the negotiation，Elite is expected，Leading social consensus。From this inference，Consensus must be negotiated。

Public discussion must be blessed by rationality。Ling Tingkan, who is a little later than Dai Zhen, and other Qianjia scholars think，individualization、Internalization、The rational specifications of subjectiveization are not always reliable，The real dependent ones are rituals，This is "Agent with Li"。They are far away in Xunzi，Proposal to treat complex political and social problems，Tactile、Activity of interaction — Conflict conflict of Royn Rena。It is worth noting that，Whether Xunzi or Qianjia scholar，Gifts are not completely external specifications，The principle of interaction it prescribed、Ji Wen、program and utensils，The value support and blessing of the value of benevolence or "this heart"。

and the end of the Qing Dynasty，Hobbes、Order of Rousseau and others、Public rational and public opinion thoughts to China，Undertaken by a large number of intellectuals。Zhang Taiyan is alone with a system、The contract is a vigilance for the "axiom" connecting society，He is as worried about classical values ​​and rational leisure like Weber。Liang Qichao thinks，Cause of the order of modern society，Must inherit Chinese existing public value -he is collectively referred to as "public morality"，At the same time, public opinion is added as a mechanism of equal rights to ensure negotiation、Supervision and integration，This is bet365 live casino games the two combinations of value rationality and tool rationality。The consensus mechanism design and chapter of the pre -Qin to Ming and Qing dynasties、The worry of Liang reminds us，If there is no source of value, the creation and development，Consensus can not be reduced to no transcendence、Empty meaning、Det off positive trust，and the fragile agreement of the rational maintenance of the tool or program。

　(The author is the vice president of Renmin University of China、Professor of the School of News)