Translation is to play legitimate maintenance in national governance、Management specification、Four governance functions of policy implementation and image shaping。Government translation activity is the only continuous translation tradition in Chinese history。We think，This kind of historic translation phenomenon is the practice of national translation，Essentially institutional translation，Relying on the standardization of the organizational system、Orderized solidification mode，The involvement of the nation、The regime、State's、The interests of the language community。From the date of establishment of the new China，Institutional translation depth participation in major events of national governance。

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As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，The Constitution is the fundamental law of the country，Is the general charter of the country and Anbang，With the highest legal status、Legal authority、Legal effect。The Constitution is the most fundamental text manifestation of national governance。When the founding of New China，The central government has begun to consider formulating the constitution。my country as a unified multi -ethnic country，Multi -language、Multi -text is one of the basic national conditions，The translation of the "May 4th Constitution" is a necessary means of national governance。With the "May 4th Constitution", the drafting and promulgation of national language translation，This job is divided into two stages: the first stage is the national discussion of the draft constitutional case，National organization manpower translates the draft into Mongolian text、Tibetan、Kazakhwen、Kazakhwen、Five types of ethnic minorities in Korean text，To facilitate bet365 best casino games the study and discussion of ethnic minorities，Put forward a reasonable revision opinion; the second stage is that the Constitution is officially passed，The National People's Congress set up a national language translation group，It consists of experts from all ethnic groups across the country，Special responsible for the translation of the "Constitution"，After the meeting，Published by the National Publishing House and issued by the Xinhua Bookstore, which has been emphasized by the Central Committee, published the "Constitution" Civilian version of the "Constitution"。"May 4th Constitution" British、method、Russia、De、Japanese translation，Organized by the government in charge of the publishing agency，Published by Foreign Language Press in 1955。

"May 4th Constitution" Civilian translation belongs to the practice of translation of domestic language -type countries，Provide possibilities for the participation of ethnic minorities to participate in national governance，Reflection of the country's various nationalities、The recognition and maintenance of the legitimate identity of the national governance of the citizens。

　The Eight Translation of the Communist Party of China

The Eight Congress of the Communist Party of China held in September 1956 was the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China as a ruling party，It is the first party congress for the first time after the founding of New China to invite foreign party delegations。The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organized a document translation and interpretation at the meeting for this meeting。

The Central Committee has set up a "Translation Office"，The task is to translate the eight major documents into Russia、English、method、De、Indonesia、Spain、7 types of text in Japanese，and the real -time interpretation mission responsible for the venue when the conference was held。Text translation includes Mao Zedong's "Opening Di"、Liu Shaoqi "The Political Report of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Eighth National Congress"、Zhou Enlai "Report on the Proposal bet365 Play online games of the Second Five -Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy"、Deng Xiaoping "Report on Modification of the Party's Articles of Association"，Zhu De、Peng Dehuai、Dong Biwu、Chen Yun、Deng Yingchao、Hu Yaobang、The speech of the comrades of Chen Yi and the congratulatory words of Song Qingling, chairman of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress，and the speech and congratulatory message from the representatives of the Communist Party of 61 countries。

Translation work is coordinated by the central government，The required translators are mainly from the Central Ministry、Central United Ministry、Ministry of Foreign Affairs、Central People's Broadcasting Station Indonesia Department、Foreign Language Press、Translation and teaching positions from the Department of East Language and other units of Peking University，Can be described as a group of allies。Experts think about words，Each translation must be "three -in -one"，That is Chinese draft、Translation of foreign language、Foreign language final clearing must be consistent。The translation office is the bridge of the Chinese voice spread at this meeting，China's policy is understood and supported by the people of the world，Therefore, I am indispensable。The successful translation of the eight major，Publicized the proposition of the Communist Party of China，improved the international status of the Communist Party of China，Showing the new China Xinxin Progressive、National image with unity，Enhance China's right to speak in the Communist International。

　"Nine Comments" Translation

On the occasion of the 8th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，Sino -Soviet between China and the Soviet Union has already friction due to the differences in revisionism。9 articles on the "Open Letter" of the CPSU Central Committee from September 1963 to July 1964，That is "Nine Comments"，Push Sino -Soviet theory to orgasm。"Nine Comments" Each article obeys the rigorous writing process，Written the preliminary draft from the writing team，The Ministry of the bet365 best casino games United States and other related departments are responsible for information collection，Deng Xiaoping presided over discussion amendments，Finally, Mao Zedong and other members are responsible for the work of the text。Sino -Soviet argument also aroused widespread attention at home and abroad，Considering the special reading needs of some domestic and international groups，The central government is setting up a counter -repair document drafting group，Also deployed the translation work of "Nine Comments"。

"Nine Comments" translation is divided into external translation and interpretation，Multi -language involved、The wide range of the geographical scope of language is rare。Translation team、The elite group is responsible，The inner is responsible for the Central National Language Translation Bureau and the Blind Monthly Monthly。Four translation organizations have launched more than 20 languages ​​in more than 20 languages。

The translation team is based on the members of the translation group of the Chinese office，Borrowing from China Foreign Language Publishing and Distribution Business Bureau、Compilation Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、Central Broadcasting Bureau、Central United Ministry、Ministry of Foreign Affairs、Xinhua News Agency and other national institutions directly led by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。The translation language includes the Russian in the early stage of the battle and the increase in the later period of British、method、Spain、Five languages ​​in Japanese。Elite Group is responsible for German、14 languages ​​such as Portuguese text。The National Language Translation Bureau is responsible for Mongolian language、Tibetan、Kazakhwen、Translation of ethnic languages ​​such as Kazakh，Blind Monthly Monthly is responsible for the translation of a blind text version。"Nine Comments" adopted multi -media、A three -dimensional communication strategy，There are 6 types of language for overseas Chinese Broadcasting with the call sign of "Central People's Broadcasting Bet365 app download Station"，24 types of foreign broadcasts with the call sign of "Beijing Radio"; Foreign Journal Magazine founded by the Foreign Languages ​​Bureau published each article in the corresponding language; People's Publishing House、National Publishing House、China Blind Deaf and Mute Association Blind Monthly、Foreign Language Publishing House also published "Nine Reviews" each single book。

The writing and translation of "Nine Comments" serves an international political dispute between the party and the highest level of the country，Mature of its translation organization、The growth of the translator's team provides a strong guarantee for the country's right to seize the discourse in the Sino -Soviet argument。

　Sino -US "Joint Bulletin" translation

In the late 1960s and early 1970s，The comprehensive national strength of the United States declines，The comparison and strategic situation of the US -Soviet power and strategic situation is not conducive to the development of the United States，At this time, the United States tends to cooperate with Chinese cooperation with one of the "five central power"，So began to change the policy of China。But，Since both parties start from the actual interests of the country，Because of ideology、Social System、Foreign policy and other differences，The conflict and struggle between the two countries in the process of drafting the joint communiqué are unavoidable。In order to establish and strengthen the image of the Nixon government，so as to win more votes in the domestic election，Hope that the "Joint Bulletin" has the word "ambiguous"; China believes that the "Joint Bulletin" prerequisite for the normalization of bilateral relations between China and the United States，It should be made clearly on specific issues such as Taiwan，to maintain the image of the Chinese government，Maintain the feelings of the Chinese nation，Maintaining the completeness of sovereignty and territory。

February 22, 1972，The Chinese version emphasizes that the English version should be clearly stated that "there is only one bet365 best casino games China" and "Taiwan problem is China's internal affairs"，The United States takes a dodge attitude。24th，The expression proposed by the United States is "Taiwan's Territory in History in Taiwan"，China adheres to "Taiwan is our territory。This is our problem，Not your problem "。Afternoon that day，The United States makes concessions，Modified the expression on the issue of Taiwan as "the United States recognizes that all Chinese people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait think there is only one China，Taiwan is part of China。The United States does not have an objection to this position "。China is in order to promote the smooth progress of the Joint Bulletin，I made compromises on these issues，But never give up on the issue of major principles，For example, the United States suggested that "all Chinese" changed to "the Chinese"、"By the Chinese Themslves" changed to "On Both Sides of the Straits"、"Does Not Challenge That Position" changed to "Does Not Challenge This"，China will not accept this，So the United States had to compromise。

"United Journalism" translation is special，It is a translation practice of international language -type countries co -sponsored by the two sovereign countries of China and the United States as the subject of behavior，It is a mutually translation and intermodation behavior between national text，Eventually different languages ​​formed in different languages.、equivalent，It is the process and results of the co -discussion and co -conspiracy of the sovereignty of the sovereignty，Established a model for the future signing and announced friendly relations similar to bilateral alliances。

Four major translation events in New China have three in common: one is that the national translation practice is deeply implanted into the party's political construction and national governance; second, the national translation practice has a complete chain and process; and the third is that the implementation of national translation practice can be obtained. Thanks to the strict bet365 Play online games mechanism protection。From this see，Institutional translation and mechanism protection is inseparable from national governance，In -depth implantation of national governance and national image construction at the important historical mark。

(This article is the Study Research on National Social Science Foundation "Study of National Translation History" (18byy019)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​of Ocean University of China)