If we define "civilization" as "human beings' way of survival"，Then we can take "a society in which the bet365 best casino games mode of production dominates" as the basic context of the theoretical purpose of "Das Kapital"，Regarded as Marx’s criticism of the way of life of people in the bet365 best casino games era, that is, “bet365 best casino games civilization”，And discussions about the possibility of new civilization。

　　bet365 best casino games of formal analysisUnderstanding the bet365 best casino games Concept of "Das Kapital"

The important characteristics of the discussion process of "Das Kapital" are，Through dialogue with classical political economy，Presenting the historical dimension of the real movement in the bet365 best casino games era。In Marx，The ideological concepts of classical political economy are not simply rejected as wrong ideas，Rather as a specific product of mental labor intrinsically related to a specific social existence，Participate in his constructive critique of the bet365 best casino games mode of production。In this sense，The abstract categories of classical political economy are no longer a distorted reflection of reality for Marx，It is also the basic raw material for theoretical production。In this way, the discussion of "Das Kapital" has process characteristics: Marx often does not directly express his final view on a certain issue，But keep starting again where classical political economics left off，Discuss the historical shaping mechanism and self-negation of the universal appearance (or "form") of bet365 best casino games reality corresponding to various abstract concepts of the latter。This analysis process is formal analysis。

Therefore，When understanding the criticism of bet365 best casino games civilization in "Das Kapital"，We cannot simply stop at some specific conclusions of Marx，We should distinguish the concepts of classical political economy cited by Marx、Marx’s analysis process of these concepts，And the grasp of the historical bet365 best casino games social structure achieved through these analyses，And understand Marx’s critical work in the internal relationship between the three。For example，In Marx’s discussion on the field of commodity circulation，He first relied on the concepts of classical political economy，Presents a picture of an equal and free society；But through the formal analysis of these concepts，That is, through the process of revealing the shaping mechanism of the inner connection of the "realistic abstraction" phenomenon identified by these concepts。Marx proved that in the context of classical political economics, "inevitability" manifests itself as "free and equal" commodity circulation，In fact, it is only in the field of bet365 best casino games production，The social appearance produced by the complex mechanism based on the exploitation of labor by capital。In this sense，The content of bet365 best casino games civilization certainly includes the "equal exchange" described by classical political economy，But it also includes the unequal wage labor system。The two do not coexist externally with each other in the bet365 best casino games era，But internally unified together。Therefore，The connotation of bet365 best casino games civilization is not single，But multi-dimensional and complex，These contradictory or even opposing dimensions，Together they constitute the way capitalism produces itself。

　"New bet365 best casino games" and "Old bet365 best casino games"

"The important results produced by the special theoretical production mode of "Capital", that is, formal analysis，That is, Marx’s concept of new civilization is not simply a denial of the old civilization (that is, bet365 best casino games civilization)，It is an understanding of the possibility of a new civilization rooted in a deep understanding of the old civilization。

In "The Communist Manifesto"，Marx actually demonstrated the intrinsic connection between bet365 best casino games civilization and new human civilization。On the one hand，bet365 best casino games production has resulted in the enslavement of workers，It also creates the material conditions for human liberation；On the other hand，Large-scale machine industry creates conditions for the dispersion caused by workers replacing competition with revolutionary union。Marx deepened these views from the perspective of political economic criticism in Capital。

About the first aspect，The analysis of "Das Kapital" shows that，Capitalists are not emotional individuals，As the personification of capital, it becomes the premise of bet365 best casino games production。Therefore，Seemingly personal behavior of exploiting surplus value，In fact, it is an inherent requirement of structural capital accumulation，As a fanatical pursuer of value enhancement，He unscrupulously forces humans to produce for the sake of production，To develop social productivity，To create the material conditions for production；And the only condition is this，Can be a more advanced one、Establish a realistic foundation for a social form that takes the comprehensive and free development of each individual as its basic principle”。This conclusion is based on Marx’s detailed analysis of the bet365 best casino games production process。From the perspective of "Das Kapital"，The huge material productivity created by bet365 best casino games civilization，As a result of the historical process of "less than a hundred years of class rule" by the bourgeoisie，It is the historical premise for the establishment of bet365 best casino games society represented by "inevitable equal exchange"。Thus the possibility of "a higher" social form, that is, a new civilization，It does not exist in an irreversible historical development "trend" (shown as potential、Higher、Productivity that will break through a certain critical point，But it has been deeply buried within its own operational logic by the actual bet365 best casino games production system。

　In this sense，Highly developed social productive forces exist as a structural condition of a mature bet365 best casino games production system。Therefore，If we talk about the high development of productive forces in bet365 best casino games society，Highlighted by the increasing concentration of production materials、Labor is becoming more and more socialized，And with less and less necessary labor，Words about producing more social wealth。Then，The dawn of a new civilization does not appear in this "increasingly" and "increasingly"，It is caused by bet365 best casino games private ownership and the concentration of the means of production created under this private ownership、The contradiction between the socialization of labor and the huge productivity in the form of large-scale industrial methods of wealth production，That is, it is reflected in the contradiction between the "appearance" of bet365 best casino games society and its "mode of giving"。

About the second aspect，From the perspective of "Das Kapital"，The personification of labor force is a necessary prerequisite for bet365 best casino games civilization，This certainly shows that wage workers are in a situation of being exploited in production，But because the relationship between labor and capital is integrated into a huge productive structure within the scope of the entire bet365 best casino games world，Thus it is reflected in a single production process as "like selling one's own skin in the market，There is only one future - workers who let others tan them，In fact, within the structure of bet365 best casino games society, there are extensive connections with other workers，Thus preparing important prerequisites for a new civilization。Extensive contacts among workers，Including the connections between workers caused by the complex social division of labor system in large-scale machine production，Also includes the connections between workers established by capital accumulation and capital concentration，Also includes the connections between workers resulting from the equalization of living conditions that accompanies the emergence of a large relative surplus population，And in order to ensure the smooth progress of capital production at the level of the bet365 best casino games world market，The different departments established by a complete capital circulation system、Connections between workers in different industries and factories。In Capital，These connections are not “developed” in the “historical process” from commodities to capital，It is a necessary prerequisite for self-production in a bet365 best casino games society with a universal appearance。

　　The realistic basis bet365 best casino games new civilization concept is "social individuals"

We can link the great development of social productivity with the extensive connections among workers，Respectively regarded as the objective conditions and subjective conditions for the birth of new civilization。The problem is，If we only understand the realistic possibilities of a new civilization at the level of "social productivity" and "extensive connections among workers"，It can’t be explained，People who are “workers”，In fact, they are all passive people (in the former aspect, workers are just bystanders of the structural contradiction between the huge social productivity and bet365 best casino games private ownership，From the latter aspect, the extensive contact among workers seems to be just a "reality" they have to accept)，How can such passive people create a "new civilization" that is different from bet365 best casino games civilization？

In fact，What we cannot ignore is，“People” as the actual bearers bet365 best casino games “formal” social structure of capitalism，A person who is not passive and therefore abstract，But a specific "social individual"。“Social individual” is a concept proposed by Marx when analyzing the problem of machine system as fixed capital，The connotation is to occupy "general productivity"、Individuals whose labor becomes superseded individual labor in immediate existence, that is, social labor，That is, an individual directly related to the wholeness of humanity。

The introduction of the concept of social individual，Is an important result of the formal analysis of Marx’s critique of political economy。In short，bet365 best casino games social structure as a mechanism of expression，Represent individuals as abstract “equal individuals”。Classical political economy further interprets this abstract individual as a "labor individual" on the Enlightenment line，In the narrative logic displayed by Marx’s formal analysis，“Working individual” is just a representation produced by the bet365 best casino games social structure。Workers as the personification of labor force，Under the structural effect of the bet365 best casino games production system，Integrated into the production process as opposed to the bet365 best casino games as the personification of capital；The driving force of this opposition，It lies in the free possession of the surplus value created by workers by capitalists，And this phenomenon of exploitation in the individual labor process (the possession of absolute surplus value)，It is also premised on the exploitation of the entire working class by the entire bet365 best casino games class (the possession of relative surplus value)。If you jump out of the level of individual production processes，We will see again，The circulation of capital between the various parts that constitute the entire bet365 best casino games production system is the prerequisite for the realization of individual production；From the perspective of commodity circulation，The means of production are fixed capital，As far as the goal of the bet365 best casino games class is to obtain the greatest extent of surplus labor，The most appropriate form of fixed capital is the machine system。The machine system means that "general intelligence" or "general social knowledge" has become a direct productive force，This means，“Social individual” is the hidden cornerstone of bet365 best casino games production。The “social individual” immanent within the logic of formal analysis，It is not the image of a person that can be found in the bet365 best casino games representation system，But in Marx’s analytical logic，But it is in a prerequisite position。In the large machine industry，The superficial image of workers is people who are oppressed by the machine system and abstracted，But in fact, this is just the technicalization of all existing science、The image created by social production under bet365 best casino games private ownership in the context of arousing all the power of science and nature。

Therefore，“Individuals” here are individuals who are intrinsically related to the holistic dimension of humanity in the bet365 best casino games era。As a result of the representational mechanism involved in the construction of bet365 best casino games private ownership，“Individual” seems so small and insignificant，He is just a "labor individual" who has contributed an amount of labor that can measure the value of the commodity；Not only that，Looking at the level of fixed capital，Workers’ free time is even completely controlled by capital。But the "social individual" as the historical premise of this representational mechanism is diametrically opposed to this representation: every individual is intrinsically linked to the "development of the general faculties of the human mind"，Thus providing an important foundation for the creation of new civilization。

From this we can know，Why did Marx refer to the negation of the bet365 best casino games mode of production as "re-establishing individual ownership" in "Das Kapital": the "social individual" directly related to the unlimited power of human beings，Will be able to find in specific historical opportunities the old civilization represented by bet365 best casino games private ownership with the help of the huge development of social productive forces and extensive connections among workers、An opportunity to establish a new civilization that “takes the comprehensive and free development of each individual as its basic principle”。In this sense it can be said，“Social individual” is the covered historical premise of the old civilization，It is also the realistic basis of the new civilization view displayed by Marx in his criticism of political economy。

(Author’s affiliation: School of Philosophy, Fudan University)