If we define "civilization" as "human survival method"，So we can take the theoretical purpose of "Capitalism" with the "capitalist production method occupying dominance" as the basic context，It is deemed to be a criticism of the way of survival of people in the capitalist era, that is, the criticism of "capitalist civilization"，Discussion on the possibility of new civilization。

　　bet365 live casino games Understand the "Capital Theory" civilization view

The important feature of the discussion process of "Capital" is，Dialogue with classical political economy，The historic dimension of real movement presentation in the era of capitalism。Where is there，The ideological concept of classical political economics has not been simply rejected by the wrong concept，Instead, it is used as a specific brainpower labor product that exists in the specific society，Participate in his constructive criticism of capitalist production methods。In this sense，The abstract category of classical political economy is no longer a distorted reflection for Marx，It is the basic raw material for theoretical production。So the discussion of "Capital" has procedural characteristics: Marx often does not directly express its ultimate point of view of a certain problem，Instead, it will continue to restart at the place where classical political economics stops，Discussion of the general appearance (or "form") of the universal appearance (or "form") of the latter's various abstract concepts and whether it is self -or not。This analysis process is form analysis。

Therefore，When understanding the criticism of "Capital" about capitalist civilization，We can't simply stay on some specific assertions of Marx，The concept of classical political economy quoted by Marx should be distinguished、Marx's analysis process of these concepts，and the grasp of the historic social structure of history through these analysis，and understand Marx’s bet365 best casino games critical work in the internal relationship of the three。For example，In the discussion of Marx in the field of commodity circulation，He first uses the concept of classical political economics，presents an equal and free social picture; but through the analysis of the form of these concepts，That is, the processing mechanism of the "real abstraction" phenomenon identified by these concepts is revealed。Marx proves that the "inevitable" manifestation of "freedom and equality" in the context of classical political economy，In fact, it is only in the field of capitalist production，Social appearance generated by the complex mechanism based on capital's exploitation of labor。In this sense，The content of capitalist civilization, of course, contains the "equal exchange" described by classical political economics，but also includes unequal employment labor system。The two are not existed in the capitalist era，Instead of unity in the inside。Therefore，The connotation of capitalist civilization is not a single，but multi -peace and complex，These contradictions and even opposite dimensions，Together with the way of capitalism self -production。

　"New Civilization" and "Old Civilization"

The special theoretical production method of "Capital", that is, the important results generated by form analysis，The concept of Marx's new civilization is not simply the negation of old civilization (that is, capitalist civilization)，Instead, it is rooted in the deep understanding of old civilization and understanding the possibility of new civilization。

In the Declaration of the Communist Party，Marx actually demonstrates the inner connection between capitalist civilization and new human civilization。On the one hand，Capitalist production has caused the state of the workers to be slavered，It also generates the material conditions of human liberation; on the other hand,，The large machine industry creates conditions for the decentralized state caused by the revolutionary union of the workers。Marx deepened these perspectives from the perspective of criticism of political economy in "Capital"。

About the first aspect，Analysis of "Capital" shows，Capitalists are bet365 Play online games not as emotional individuals，Instead, as a prerequisite for capitalist production as the personality of capital。Therefore，Actions that seem to exploit the remaining value，Actually it is the inherent requirements of structural capital accumulation，"The fanatic pursuit of value proliferation，His unscrupulous forced humans to produce for production，So as to develop social productivity，To create the material conditions of production; only such conditions，can be a more advanced、Establish a realistic foundation with the social form of the basic principles with the comprehensive and free development of each individual "。This conclusion is based on Marx's detailed analysis of the capitalist production process。Under the vision of "Capital"，The huge material productivity created by capitalist civilization，As a result of the historical process of the bourgeoisie in the "less than a hundred years"，The capitalist society with "inevitable equal exchange" as the appearance is based on the historic prerequisite for establishment。Therefore, "a more advanced" social form, that is, the possibility of new civilization，It is not existing in an irreversible historical development "trend" (manifested as potential、higher、will break through the productivity of a certain critical point)，Instead, it has been buried in its own operating logic by the real capitalist production system。

In this sense，Highly developing social productivity is a structural condition for mature capitalist production system。Therefore，If the high development of capitalist social productivity，Highlights are reflected in the increasing concentration of production materials、Labor is becoming more and more social，and less and less necessary labor，For more social wealth and other aspects。So，The dawn of the new civilization is not in this "increasingly" and "increasing"，Instead, the private ownership of capitalism and the concentration of production materials created under this private ownership、Socialization of labor and the large industrial methods of wealth production Bet365 app download are contradictions between the huge productive forces，That is, the "appearance" of the capitalist society and the contradiction of the "giving method" itself。

About the second aspect，From the perspective of "Capital"，Personality of labor is a necessary prerequisite for capitalist civilization，Although this indicates that the employment workers are in a state of exploitation in production，But because the relationship between labor and capital is integrated into a huge productive structure in the entire capitalist world，Therefore, in a single production process, it is reflected as "like selling its own skin in the market，Only one future -workers who let people tan "，In the capitalist social structure, it is actually in a wide range of connections with other workers，So prepared an important premise for the new civilization。Wide contact between workers，Not only the connection between workers caused by the complex social division of labor system in the large production of machines，also includes contact between workers established by capital accumulation and capital concentration，It also includes the connection between workers caused by the presence of a large number of excessive population.，and at the market level of the capitalist world to ensure the smooth production of capital production，Different classes established by a complete capital cycle system、Contact between workers in different industries and different factories。In "Capital"，These connections are not "developed" from the "historical process" from goods to capital，but a necessary prerequisite for self -production with a universal appearance。

　　The reality of the new civilization concept is "Social Personal"

We can bring the huge development of social productivity with a wide range of connections with workers，It is regarded as the objective conditions and subjective conditions of the birth of the new civilization。The question is，If we only understand the practical possibility of new civilization at the level of "social productivity" and "extensive connection between workers"，Can't explain it，As a "worker"，Actually, they are all bet365 best casino games passive people (In the previous aspect, workers are just bystanders of the structural contradictions of social productivity and private ownership of capitalist privacy，From the following aspect, the extensive connection between workers seems to be just "reality" they have to accept)，How can this passive person create a "new civilization" that is different from capitalist civilization?

In fact，What we can't ignore is，The actual bearer of the "formal" social structure of capitalism，It is not passive and so abstract people，but the specific "social individual"。"Social Personal" is a concept raised by Marx when analyzing the problem of a fixed capital machine system，Its connotation is to occupy "general productivity"、Its labor becomes an individual who has been abandoned in direct existence, which is the individual of social labor，It is the individual directly related to humans。

Proposal of Social Personal Concepts，It is an important result of the form analysis of the criticism of Marx's political economy。Simply put，Capitalist social structure as a performance mechanism，Expressing individuals as abstract "equal individuals"。Classical Political Economics further interpreted this abstract individual as "Labor" on the enlightenment line，In the narrative logic shown in the form of Marx，"Individual Labor" is just the appearance produced by the capitalist social structure。As a worker who is a laborer personality，Under the structural role of the capitalist production system，Integrated into the production process, it is opposed to capitalist as a capitalist as a capital; this opposite power，It is the free possession of the surplus value created by the capitalist，and this exploitation phenomenon in the process of individual labor (the possession of absolute surplus value)，It is based on the entire capitalist class's exploitation of the entire working class (the possession of relatively surplus value)。If you jump out of the level of individual production process，We will see again，Capital circulation between various parts of the entire capitalist bet365 best casino games production system is the prerequisite for individual production; under the field of view of commodity circulation，Production information is fixed capital，For the goal of the capitalist class to get the greatest extent,，The most appropriate form of fixed capital is the machine system。and the machine system means that "general intelligence" or "general social knowledge" became direct productive forces，This means，"Social Personal" is the hidden cornerstone of capitalist production。"Social Personal Personal" inside formal analysis logic，Not the image of the person you can find in the capitalist appearance system，But in Marx's analysis logic，But in the prerequisite。In the large machine industry，The surface image of the worker is the person who is oppressed and abstract by the machine system，But in fact, this is just all scientific technology、As a result, all the forces of science and nature are evoked by the image of social manufacturing under the private ownership of capitalist private。

Therefore，"Personal" is here that the individual related to the overall dimension of human beings in the capitalist era。The results of the appearance mechanism of the private ownership of capitalist private ownership，"Personal" looks so small and unrelated，He just contributed a "labor individual" that can measure the amount of labor value that can measure the value of the product; not only that，From the level of fixed capital，The time for workers to be freely controlled is even completely controlled by capital。But the historic premise of this appearance mechanism "Social individuals" are completely opposite to this appearance: each individual is inherently connected with the "general ability development of human minds"，Therefore, it provides an important foundation for the creation of new civilization。

From this we can know，Why Marx will be called "re -establishing personal ownership" in "Capital": "Social Personal Personal" directly related to human unlimited power，It will be able to find the old civilization that uses the huge development of social productivity and bet365 best casino games extensively connect with the workers in specific historical opportunities to overturn the private ownership of the private ownership of the capitalist、Establish a new civilization opportunity for the new civilization of "the comprehensive and free development of each individual"。It can be said in this sense，"Social Personal" is both the historic premise of being obscured by the old civilization，It is the realistic basis of the new civilization view shown by Marx in the criticism of political economics。

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Fudan University)