"CIVILIZATION" (civilization "(Civilization) has its specific origin in the history of Western thought，That is, the point of view that is different from the barbarism state by French thinkers in the 18th century。According to research，The term "civilization" is probably synchronized with the modern "Civil Society" (Civil Society)，It contains the general spirit of enlightenment: emphasizes secular human progress and self -development，Especially means an elegance that is established、Order status，Therefore, it has a modern meaning of modernity。In the 19th century，The word gradually emphasizes elegant etiquette and behavior，Transition from the understanding of the understanding of the overall social system and system knowledge，Eventually with a relative neutral color，It is also used to generally refer to social order and lifestyle established by any ethnic group。

In fact，Modern Enlightenment thinkers have been keenly noticed from the beginning，"Civilization" does not mean "good"。The rationalization generated by the business、Elegant behavior and etiquette，"Civilization" also means that people’s autonomous ability is lost、Lost of traditional virtues、monotonous and stereotyped labor method，and poverty become social problems。Although Smith claims the inevitability of capitalism，But it also has in -depth reflection on the traditional moral collapse of the industrial and commercial impact，It even revealed the labor alienation caused by the bet365 Play online games industry。Rousseau even thinks，Compared to selfishness、Civilized people who are good at computing，"Barbarians" in the original state must be more "noble"。"Noble Barbarian" represents the reaction of romanticism on the modern world，But because Western European capitalism is still on the rise during this period，Enlightenment ideas can not yet make a more essential grasp on the new world of civilization of this bourgeoisie。

​​After the 1940s，With the increasing intensification of social contradictions in Western European society，The internal relationship of the capitalist society is also clearer，Finally, Marx revealed the essence of the capitalism of civilization。Compared with previous，Marx's civilization analysis not only reflects the conscious consciousness of modernity critical，It also has a thorough surpassing enlightenment、The clear intention of achieving civilized changes。

First，Starting from historical materialism，Cut into the foundation of civilization。Modern contract theory regards civilization as a product that human beings through rational contracts in order to get rid of the "natural state"，From this directly to civilization and rationality、Freedom、Equal enlightenment value is associated。"Theoretical imagination" different from the theory of contract theory，The Scottish School represented by Smith put forward the perspective of social spontaneous evolution，I believe that humans have experienced a hunting society、Animal Husbandry Society、The "Four Stages of History" from farming society to business society，Because of the most human nature of business，Therefore, it is a "civilized" society。This view has subverted Bet365 app download the traditional Western conceptual theory of Western concepts from Plato，Performance as a product of civilization，instead of regarding civilization as a product of rationality。But，Once they have the same business as civilization itself，Once they have the same business as civilization itself、Non -historic illusion。In the view of materialist history，The foundation of civilization lies in the existence of human practicality。Practice as a way of existence，Expressive unified relationships of the world。From the perspective of practice, if you look at civilization, you will find it，Civilization originated from human dissatisfaction with nature，is to deny the nature、Realize the natural results of "humanization" through production labor。In this process，The practice of shaping civilization not only follows the inevitability and laws of nature，and express the subject's own requirements for natural purpose，It contains "regularity" and "the purpose of the purpose"、Unification of "The scale of things" and "human scale"。So，Civilization is created by "people engaged in actual activities" in real life，Whether it is regarding civilization as a political and social order，or science、Art、Moral and Technology，It is rooted in a certain material connection in production，Fundamentally affected by people's "certain common activity methods" -The productivity restrictions。Even，"Civilization" can be proposed as a pure theoretical concept，It is also premised on the division of labor and mental labor，Because of the consciousness, "You can imagine something realistic without imagining something realistic at this time"。In short，Historical bet365 Play online games materialism put aside the discussion of the social conditions of "human nature"，Demonstrate the realistic basis of civilization in the contradiction between productivity and communication forms，Objective laws to examine social development，Open the realistic road of human liberation。

Next，Marx Criticism through capitalist，Further reveals that the essence of modern civilization is "Civilization of Capital"。Marx describes this scene with rhetoric such as "civilized dirty poisonous gas" and "civilized gap".，Workers themselves off -the -way barbaric、The more severe the alienation。All previous communist and socialist works，All from realizing "the basic defects of the civilized world" and starting a fierce criticism of it。But because these criticisms are pointed to the universalization of private property，Therefore, it is "poverty、People with a low demand "Simple State of the Simple State"，As a result, "Abstract negation of the entire culture and civilized world"。This description，Early socialism and communism due to the lack of correct understanding of the nature of civilization，Its capitalist criticism has not yet been based on the achievements of modern civilization，Therefore, it must be reactionary and conservative。According to Engels in "Family、The Origin of Private Ownership and the Origin of the Country，The so -called "civilized era" represents such a stage，The entire commodity production system based on division of labor and exchanges has been fully developed，Therefore, it completely changed the previous community society。Marx pointed out，The essence of modern civilization is "Civilization of Capital"，Its core is "Capital bet365 best casino games discovery and prompt people's labor to replace death and become the source of wealth"。This assertion contains significant theoretical significance。Classical economics is generally considered，The only purpose of production is consumption，and exchanges from the remaining consumption，Profit is the return of destiny to the virtue of the capitalist。Analysis of Marx's analysis，The fundamental purpose of capitalist production is to achieve capital proliferation，The production and possession of the remaining value，Therefore, it will inevitably lead to the exploitation of labor。This，Mutual harmonious paintings between small commodity producers described by classical economics will not exist，The truth about capitalism is that workers not only cannot control their labor products，Even itself has become a product that can be sold，The ruthless locking of market forces。Marx and Engels have repeatedly talked about，The so -called "civilization era" and "civilization of capital"，It's just a "hidden slavery"，is a class's exploitation of another class。So，Although the bourgeoisie has created a stronger productivity that is stronger than in the past few generations in a short period of time，But the more developed "Capital"，The "non -human" nature of capitalism will become more obvious，This is already the aximal axiom that has been repeatedly confirmed by capital logic。In a higher historical scale，Marx revealed that "the civilization of capital" is not only "good or bad ginseng"，The trend of self -destruction，Therefore, the change in the form of civilization is urgent。

Last，Marx criticized through "Capital Civilization"，reveals the "factor of Bet365 app download the new society" bred in the capitalist society。Material History Views Considering，The change of civilization has its objective laws，In the final analysis，The inherent adaptability problem between a certain social productivity and the social relationship it produces and its production。The old production relationship can no longer adapt to the development of productivity and lead to a crisis，At the same time, it also means that the elements of realizing the change of civilization within their internal。Destroy the old relationship restraint，By releasing labor productivity to make it a constructive social force，It becomes the mission of the new historical subject。In this sense，The new civilization form will be preliminary revealed from the main and object elements formed by the internal capitalism，but cannot be generated from the concept of human nature and society。From the perspective of objects，Capitalism not only produces a strong social productive force，and invented advanced science and technology、Broadly social capital、crafts, etc.。The update of these material conditions is to shorten the necessary labor time，Finally provided a realistic basis to the transformation of "Free Time"。From the main aspect,，"Capital Theory" reveals that the large industry determines the increasingly transforming labor form in its nature、The more movement of functions and the comprehensive liquidity of workers。Today，Can we surpass the "Civilization of Capital"，To a large extent, it still depends on how to deeply grasp the reality of contemporary capitalist society，In particular, pay attention to the actual power of drawing civilized changes from the two aspects of Bet365 app download the main body and guest。It can be said，The pioneering exploration of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics led by the Communist Party of China for the new form of human civilization，It is the contemporary practice of Marxist civilization。

(This article is the "Study on the" Political and Political Science Critic "(21xzx009) in the" historical materialist context of the context of historical materialism "(21xzx009)

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy and Society, Jilin University)