General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Party: "National Security is the foundation of national rejuvenation，Social stability is the prerequisite for the strength of the country。We must unswervingly implement the overall national security concept。"Current，my country faces "severe and complex international situation and the huge risk challenge that follows"，National security generalization of Western countries mainly in the United States is one of the important risks。Based on this，We must adhere to the overall national security concept，Coordinating external security and internal security、Traditional security and non -traditional safety、ourselves safety and common safety，Actively cope with the negative impact and major challenges brought about by the generalization of national security。National security generalization is mainly manifested in the following aspects。

First, the connotation of national security expands and the review standards are blurred，The tendency of pan -politicization。Traditional national security concept mainly refers to the national military security，With economic globalization and high -tech progress，The boundary between national security and general security is broken，The concept of national security expands to biological、species、Health、Health、Gene and many areas，Economic Security、Environmental safety、Terrorism、Energy Security、Technology Security、Network Security、Ecological safety、Nuclear safety、Biological Safety、Climate safety、A large number of non -traditional security enters the category of national security。From the review standard，Due to national security and uncertainty and historic threats，National Security bet365 Play online games Examination Standard also has vagueness，You need to adjust in time according to the changes in the relevant environment。For example，The connotation and extension of the exceptions of security exceptions with the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade have strong elasticity，The subject permissions scope and specific concepts that have not explicitly judged the exception of safety。Different members lack consensus on this，It may cause it to have imbalances during applications。Self -tailoring of safety exceptions will cause squeezing in freedom of trade and international rule of law in the context of geopolitical and economic。

Second, the international and domestic economic rules are inclined to the host regulations of the host country。The multilateral system represented by the World Trade Organization is weakened and formulated，replaced by bilateral、A large number of regional agreements，The importance of trade legalization and judicial management is weakened，The global trade mechanism may return to the political leading old road。Take the field of international investment as an example，Due to the implementation of the US bilateral investment agreement model，and foreign investment triggered the increasing number of cases that endanger the safety and public policies of the host country，Developed countries, as a traditional capital output country, also participated in the international investment arbitration case as the respondent，Increases the exception of safety interests when setting up a new bilateral investment agreement，Establish a security valve for the country's economy。

Third, the national security review measures are changing from abstract public policy to the extensive application of specific regulatory tools，From exception to principle，An important restriction measures to interfere with international economic activities。international rule of law micro，All countries have modified the domestic investment law and the implementation of trade sanctions、Export Bet365 lotto review control、Emergency means and other security measures to respond to the needs of their country's interests。For international investment，The latest "Modernization Law of Foreign Investment Risk Examination" in the United States has expanded the scope and jurisdiction of transactions reviewed by the US Foreign Investment Council，Almost all transactions that have been conducted with foreign investors。Britain that traditionally implements the concept of investment freedom、Germany and Canada and other countries，It has also gradually established or strengthened the national security review system。For example，According to the "Canadian Investment Law"，The government has the right to discuss any foreign investment in Canadian enterprises，To determine whether the investment "may damage national security"，The scope of the review is even expanded to the entity of "Development in Canada ... any part of the business"。Another example，The main purpose of the "National Security and Investment Law", which took effect in January 2022 in the United Kingdom, is to deal with the "hostile activities of foreign governments" and "the security challenge brought by high -tech development"。In the field of company supervision，"India Guidance Policy" issued by Germany in September 2020，deliberately exaggerated the unilateral dependence of Germany on the value chain，and point out that to ensure that its national security needs to realize the diversification of the supply chain。This attitude guides the introduction of the 2021 "Supply Chain Division Survey Obligation Law"，The purpose of the bill is to improve human rights protection in the global supply chain，But from the perspective，Vague human rights standards mean great freedom tailoring，It may become a tool for regulatory or even sanctions。

In the field of international economic and trade，Restriction of trade on the grounds that threatening important national security interests、Investment，Implementation of "long -arm jurisdiction" and improper application bet365 Play online games of domestic law or even economic sanctions。Publicized national security policy has gradually become an important part of the national security strategy，Export control、Safety review、Technical decourse and US dollar weapons become a new barriers in the international economy，Finally evolved into a new protectionist。Security paradox leads to major changes in the logic of international economic and trade rules，Traditional efficiency and profit allows it to be stable and safe，The principle of minimizing risk replace the minimum cost，Localization and Friendship are more important than the supply chain arrangement of near -shore and stability。

The generalization of national security deepen the confrontation between the country and the deformed of international economic rules，Make countries in various countries fall into security paradox and safety anxiety，Countries have criticized other countries while they have to compete for overtime security measures，As a result, the international economic governance system with non -discrimination and transparency is trapped into a trap，"Fair and Open Trade and International Economic System" becomes a rhetoric。The rise of national security generalization is not accidental，It is a product of the common effect of various factors。

First，The global economic governance system with new liberalism after the war at the cost of transfer sovereignty and restrictions，But it has not benefited the globalized fruit and the general public，The gap between the rich and poor is increasingly expanded。The importance of rising importance in the field of non -traditional security decreases the importance of "security mechanism" that leads to freedom of trade，Gradually weaken the role of economic integration on the promotion of national security，Instead, the problem of excessive dependence brought by it has become the new "security threat"，Against global thought tide appeared。

Next，The rise of the southern countries in the global economy has multiple effects。The rise of some emerging countries allows most countries bet365 best casino games to have dual identities with both capital import countries and capital export countries，Need to realize the re -balance of investor protection and the host's national rights。In some traditional developing countries，Due to the failure of domestic economic reform，The awareness of national protection is stronger，Calvoism, which emphasizes national sovereignty。Popularism of some countries attributes the imbalances of domestic economic governance to other countries and globalization，Create the distinction between the confrontation status of the country and the other country，and trade、Finance、Economy in the fields of sanitation、Legal issues high politics，link with national security，Negative ability and role of international law。At the same time，National Security Tools is also a means to curb the rise of emerging economies in developed countries。

Last，The one -sided pursuit of traditional international economic and trade rules for economic liberalization，Make some key and special industries in the host country facing the risk of being controlled by foreign investors，Eliminates other interests of the host country and threatens national security，Forced him to seek balance between the policy goals of introducing foreign capital and regulating foreign capital。The development of multinational companies enables it to constantly escape the supervision of the mother country，Challenge the traditional sovereignty of the mother country。At the same time，multinational companies have obtained the host of the host country through continuous expansion，The industrial development of the host country becomes deformed due to the competition of multinational companies，Affects domestic revenue and expenditure balance，threatening the economic security of the host country; coupled with non -governmental organizations constantly in the environment、Labor、Human rights and other issues are required，prompting countries to control the transnational company through national security censors。

Bet365 app download The "Black Swan" incident such as the global financial crisis in 2008 and the 2020 new crown epidemic occurred frequently，Global economy is hit hard，The motivation of enhancing regulation rights in the world is further strengthened。Comprehensive effect based on the above reasons，National Security gradually changes from exception to principles。New national securityism is a broad sense of security，Need to be according to national interests、Facing threat、International relations and other factors dynamic adjustment。As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the 20th report，Must "take political security as the fundamental、Based on economic security、Guarantee of military science and technology, culture and social security as the guarantee "，Politics、Military security and economic security equivalent。my country must fully attach great importance to the right to regulate economic activities，Safety review of foreign investment，Guarantee national security，Also realize that because of its startup procedures、Trial procedure、Vagueness of the rescue mechanism，Easy to evolve into "political tools"，Obstained the normal development of international economic and trade relations and economic globalization。

The overall national security concept of "relying on promoting international security"，Lien the security of the country with the security of other countries and the security of all mankind，Emphasize the security of other countries、The importance of international security to domestic security。On December 9, 2022, "Joint Statement of the Cooperation and Development Summit of the People's Republic of China and the Gulf Arab National Cooperation Commission" once again announced the global peace、Safety、The importance of stability and prosperity to national security and the necessity of strengthening security cooperation in various countries。In the context of the world's 100 years of change，We must "oppose all forms of unilateralism"，"Opposition to protectism，bet365 Play online games Opposition to ‘build walls and set up base’、‘Dowager Broken Chain’，Opposition to unilateral sanctions、Extreme pressure "，"Significant anti -sanctions、Anti -interference、Anti -'Long -arm jurisdiction "mechanism"，Fully cope with the national security review mechanism in other countries; we must also realize that national sovereignty in the process of economic globalization depends on the mutual dependence between the country，Must "adhere to real multilateralism，Promoting the democratization of international relations，Promote global governance in a more fair and reasonable direction "，While ensuring your own safety，Pay attention to the common safety of the country's security and the security of other countries。

(The author is a professor at the Law School of Shanghai Jiaotong University)