People usually understand wisdom as wisdom，But as a national traditional wisdom，It should be beyond this meaning。According to Yao Xinzhong's statement，Wisdom is a way of thinking based on people and external worlds，originated from internal intelligence，Developed due to external feelings，Accumulate in vested knowledge and experience，Stocking in text，Map thinking，Record tradition，Perception of nature。About Chinese wisdom，It is particularly worth mentioning that the "Chinese Philosophy" (quarterly) of the University of Hawaii has published a lot of related articles，Discussion，Participants except European and American scholars，And Chinese scholars。Chinese literature is the basic basis for our investigating Chinese traditional wisdom; the text has stimulated interaction in another civilization through translation，Trimmented the mutual learning of civilization。

In the history of Chinese and Western exchange，We observe the mutual learning of Chinese and Western civilization from three stages: 16-18 centuries，Chinese and Western first recognition，"China Hot" appeared in the West; 19th century，China's national strength decline，But civilized learning continues to develop; 20th century，Chinese recovery，Go towards national revival，Cultural exchanges more。

According to Wang Ermin's "Chinese Literature Western Translation Book" (photocopybook of the Yanjing Library of Harvard University), we can count the following data: 16-18 century，Chinese literature Bet365 app download produced 67 translations in the West，Among them, 15 books of thought classics，Religious 3 books，Literature 20 books，4 books of science，1 copy of the art category，History 14 books，Geographical 3 books，Social category 2 books，Legal category 2 books，Military 3 books。19th Century，Chinese literature produced 995 translations in the West，Among them, 1 book book classics，Thought 99 books，Religious 67 books，Literature 475 books，Science 16 books，20 copies of agricultural categories，Art category 5 books，200 books in history，Geographical 77 books，Economic 5 books，Social category 19 books，Economic 5 books，7 copies of legal category，Military category 2 books。20th Century，Chinese literature produced 1811 translations in the West，Among them, 6 books of the bookmarks，Thought 311 books，Religious 101 books，Literature 905 books，14 editions of agricultural categories，14 editions of agricultural categories，52 arts，History 254 books，Geographical 35 books，Education 4 books，Social category 23 books，8 copies of economic categories，Legal category 69 books，7 military categories。

Regardless of the rise and fall of national strength，The number of Chinese literature in the West has continued to rise，From this we can see the status of Chinese wisdom in the mutual learning of Chinese and Western civilization。

16th century to 18th century，China's influence on the West is much greater than the West on China。Kangxi period，Chinese Confucianism has spread widely in Rome，From this to France、Germany and Britain and other Western European countries。As French scholar Morris Robin said，"West in the era of ancient Europe and Enlightenment，China is simply omnipresent "。During the transformation from feudal society to bet365 live casino games capitalist society, Europe needs new ideas，So I embraced the Confucian thought that was introduced into Europe，Many celebrities in Europe respect the monarchy of China、Moral specifications、Cultural concept and Confucianism。where，The Chinese Map of China made by Kicher in Germany is the prelude to "China Hot"，Lebniz’s Chinese complex is familiar to the academic community，Germany even Wolf, who was persecuted for Confucius，It is known as "the martyr of Confucius"。Sir William Jones in the UK said that Confucius was Plato in China，Hume called Confucius as "Chinese mentor"，Temple believes that Confucius's work is autonomy、Governance、The way of governing the country。Quinen, known as "Confucius in Europe" in France、Holbach, who strongly respects Confucian morals、Apostle thinker of Chinese wisdom Cartesian，Voltaire once said that Confucius is the real saint，Didro believes that the idea of ​​"The Analects" is far better than his superwriting philosophy and experience philosophy，Durgor has established its ideological system of heavy agriculturalism based on Chinese culture。The Declaration of Human Rights and Citizen Rights in the French Revolution in 1793 quoted Confucius "，Do not apply to people "。Gu Liya, a sinologist in the United States in "The Words of Confucius and China", proposed the development of the French Revolution Democratic ideals，Confucian philosophy played a positive role，and indirectly affect the development of American democracy。

19th Century，Europe and the United States have no interest in Chinese civilization，At this stage, the translation of Chinese literature at this stage increased to 14 times the original，Civilization learned a new height。Academician of French College Rulian Bet365 lotto review set up the Rulian Chinese International Translation Award，Each year the best translation of Chinese classic literature。Ji Lam Paidier said: "Confucius and disciples have a long -term self -consciousness，Its purpose is obviously explaining that a government has the responsibility to improve itself，Just like a person should perfect himself。"early 19th century，Sinology research institutions in countries such as France have developed，Gogde, known as "Confucius of Weimar" in Germany，Hegel's philosophy is also affected by Confucianism。Russia's Pushkin praised Confucius' educational thoughts，Tolstoy wrote in a letter to Chekhov: "I am drunk in the wisdom of China。I want to tell you the spiritual interests that these books with you and everyone。"Wei Sanyi in the United States believes that the influence of Confucius is overwhelming.，The impact of the moral standards described by Confucius described is inestimable。Di Kaowen, the missionary of the American Presbyterian Association, once founded the Mengyang Academy in Shandong，The post -upgrade is the academy，The curriculum is mainly Confucianism。Ming Enzi said，"Confucianism is the most worth mentioning academic achievement in all human beings"。Suloron praised "How noble is Confucius' interest"，His "Lake Walden" quotes more than ten places in "Four Books"，Interaction with Confucius and Mencius。Vicham Lindsi wrote in poetry，"Weiyi Confucius", "Golden jade words，It's as bright as the sun "。

Early European scholars' interpretation of Chinese literature has a hidden style，Suoyin School is quite popular，Based on imagination, various Confucianisms have been generated。British Liger、French Gu Saifen and German Wei Lixian were benchmarks in the bet365 best casino games field of Sinology in the 19th century，Pay attention to text interpretation、Training 诂 test、Bo Cato Chief。The cultural load words of their classics for Chinese classics，Discovery indirect translation、Interpretation translation，Transliteration、Functional terminations and other methods to translate。The translation of Gu Saifen and Li Ya's translation of "Chinese Classic" are all in the above Chinese text，Below is a translation，The corresponding correspondence between the original text and the translation is clear at a glance。Gu Saifen still transliterate in the original text。Both of them joined the famous artist's note or their own opinions in the translation，Ligerga on the foot，Gu Saifen adds it after the translation。Such translation layout makes their text analysis a solid foundation。The achievements of Wei Lixian are not as systematic as Yege and Gu Saifen，But I have worked hard on the readability。It is very popular with its translation，His "Book of Changes" was translated into at least 9 languages。Wei Lixian believes that German culture and even the entire European culture show an excessive rational tendency，Although the technology was developing at that time，But culture is on the road of self -destruction; and can make them learn from、It benefits Chinese culture，Therefore, it calls on Europe and China to learn from each other。

19th Century，British British British Institute Roman Caesar Malaysia (1812-1894) also did the ultimate job in the mutual learning，He published three volumes of "Proverb" Original Note "(1889-1893)。In this book，He uses at least about 54 languages，Supported 16,000 texts to interpret "Proverbs"。where，Chinese literature is used most，Including 40 Chinese literature，bet365 live casino games 11%of its general citation。"Four Books" and "Five Classics" quota the largest quantity，The most quotable quotation is "The Analects of Confucius"。He also quotes Taoist literature，For example, "Taishang Sensing"，Occasionally quoted the remarks of scholars such as Zhu Xi。For example, "Proverbs" (3: 19-20): "Jehovah stands with wisdom，Smart and setting the sky "，Ma Lan used the "None in the Tao Te Ching"，The beginning of the world; there is，Mother of the Famous Things "，attracted the "Dasao Qianyuan in the Book of Changes，Ten Materials Start，Nai Tongtian "，Book Sutra, "Huainanzi", "Liezi", "Book of Rites" and "Book of Songs"。Another example is "Proverbs" (4:23): "You have to keep your heart，better than conservative everything "，Ma Lan quoted "Xunzi" "Ears, eyes, nose, and mouth shapes can be connected without comparison，Husband is the official of heaven。Different in my heart，To rule the facial features，Husband is called Tianjun "，Introduced "Mencius" again: "The gentleman is different from others，It is also in my mind。Gentleman with benevolence，Save the heart with courtesy "，Also attracted the "sincerity" of "University"，Heart is positive and backward "; even after attracting Kangxi's" Holy Po ", he wrote in English:" If you want to be a decent，There must be the right principle if you want to adjust your mind。"But this huge is little known，Until R.S. Simpson and American Sinologist Feiren noticed，Research on this huge book，Make it from being obliterated in the long river of history。

The Chinese literature translation that appeared in the West after the 20th century basically followed the professional style of the 19th century。The death and losses caused by the two world wars have made Westerners be Bet365 app download severely damaged，Therefore, some people go to Chinese literature to find Chinese wisdom，Finding the Oasis of the Mind，plus China's national strength in the late 20th century began to recover，Civilization mutual learning has reached an unprecedented height。September 26, 2006，UNESCO officials announced the establishment of the "Confucius Award"，Confucianism has become an important part of the treasure house of human ideology and culture。

(This article is the State Social Science Fund's key project "Struggle and Dream" (21WZSA002) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Fujian Normal University)