"Belt and Road" is the long -term project proposed by China to promote the new development of the world。On the 10th anniversary of the "Belt and Road" initiative，Make a comprehensive summary，Plan the future at the same time，Publish a file that summarizes ten years and future -oriented files is of great significance。For related questions，Member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Zhang Yunling, Dean of the Institute of International Issues of Shandong University, accepted an interview with our reporter。

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"China Social Sciences": What are the reasons why China launched the "Belt and Road" initiative?

Zhang Yunling: The "Belt and Road" initiative is a big idea，I think it can be seen from the perspective of two domestic and international perspectives。From China，China launched the "Belt and Road" initiative，Naturally, there are considerations of their own development。From the perspective of economic development，I think it is mainly based on the needs of its own development and transformation。China's reform and opening up has reached a certain stage，According to the general economic law，Must be transformed。The main foundation of China's industry including a large number of manufacturing is foreign capital，and foreign capital transfer is not in my country that can be controlled。That is to say，What should I consider to transfer in my country's industrial transfer、How to transfer、For the goal，The most fundamental thing is to increase the upstream of the industrial chain，However，Therefore，Determined routes of production capacity cooperation through consultation with local countries。Where does the industry transfer? China's manufacturing industry is huge，including India、External countries or regions including Southeast Asia do not have such a large -scale acceptance ability。China's manufacturing industry has undertaken the industrial transfer of developed countries，Most of them are labor -intensive、serious pollution、High and energy -consuming industrial link。Therefore，Traditional industrial transfer roads can not be opened。Coupled with international and domestic bet365 live casino games environmental protection awareness generally increased，General countries and regions see China's environment and are unwilling to accept industrial transfer。Based on this，We expand open to the outside，To play its own unique advantage。Where is the special advantage? The answer is contracted project。Therefore，Promote infrastructure construction through the "Belt and Road" initiative，Carry out cooperation with local production capacity，can both drive the local economic development，can also expand market space for China，This is a win -win idea。

From an international perspective，"Belt and Road" has more ambitious considerations，Promote the transformation of the world's major development pattern through the "Belt and Road"，Great strategic significance with reconstruction geographical advantages。"Belt and Road" is a large channel that is linked to the development and development from land and sea，Open the connection of the Eurasian continent，Promoting land and sea connection。Early history，The most developed country in the world is inland countries and inland areas。but，After World Geography Discovery，Western use of the ocean to achieve rapid development，Almost all developed countries and regions are coastal countries，The original land advantage no longer exists。Now，Opening the land channel is not only feasible，And it has more important significance。Construction of land traffic network，Connect a large number of inland areas，Forming a new development zone of interconnection。From the perspective of transportation，The capacity of land transportation、speed is much larger than sea。Certificate of China EU trains that has been opened，Whether it is time or cost，Land transportation has an advantage than sea transportation。If the railway system is further improved，Implementing land and sea connection、Internet of Railway Highway Transportation，Future，Land transportation is expected to become the main form of transportation。This will bring huge comprehensive changes，The meaning of reconstructing the world development pattern。

China is a nation -and -land composite country，Need "Land and Sea Connection"。"Belt and Road" initiative is both connected to inland，China Unicom also sea，Not only is it related to China's land and sea connection，It is also related to the competitive advantage that re -constructs the world。Connect through bet365 live casino games land and sea，China's geographical and development advantages can be exerted，Connecting the World through the East，The land extension of the land on the west is connected to Asia、Europe。Look from the location，No country has the advantage of land and sea like China。

The "Belt and Road" initiative is an initiative to send to the world，Therefore，"Belt and Road" advocates common business、Co -construction、Share，Not Chinese does it by itself。The "Belt and Road" initiative is essentially "new development cooperation"。The original development cooperation was mainly to provide assistance to developed countries。This kind of assistance is functional，But it cannot solve many development problems，Mainly strong one -way，Lack of docking with local development，The effect of assistance is not ideal。"Belt and Road" upholds a common discussion、Co -construction、Sharing Principles，The subject and object are integrated，Realize common development，The disadvantages of the old development cooperation model can be overcome。At the same time，The new development cooperation model of "Belt and Road" is connected with the UN 2030 Sustainable Development ADC，The target of the latter includes eliminating poverty、Improve the development conditions of backward areas，This is consistent with the original intention of the "Belt and Road"。2021，China proposes a global development initiative to the United Nations Conference，Link the "Belt and Road" initiative to promote global development more closely。

　Has sustainability 

　　"China Social Sciences": What is your overall evaluation of the tenth anniversary of the "Belt and Road"?

Zhang Yunling: "Belt and Road" has become a special symbol。China and 152 countries and 32 international organizations signed a co -construction "Belt and Road" cooperation document，More and more cooperation projects and fields involved，Its influence is reflected in all aspects of economic and social development。As a new development cooperation method，"Belt and Road" has been successfully recognized by the international community，It has a certain universal significance and global value。

"Belt and Road" construction as a new type of development cooperation mode，Promote the joint participation and investment of countries，In cooperation，China's successful experience will also be spread。The important thing is，The "Belt and Road" initiative will give the main aspect of the joint state participation Bet365 lotto review in the process of promotion，Give full play to the local autonomous motivation effect，Pay attention to the local economy、The balanced relationship between society and the environment and sustainable development。Therefore，The "Belt and Road" initiative is sustainable。Although some developed countries do not accept，There are also a variety of initiative competition，but does not affect the value of the "Belt and Road" initiative proposed by China。The "Belt and Road" initiative does not seek for dominance，Do not exclude other initiatives，Constantly summarizing experience in competition，helps to do things better。

　　"China Social Sciences": What kind of evaluation of the joint construction of the country for the "Belt and Road" initiative?

Zhang Yunling:Generally speaking，The "Belt and Road" initiative is subject to developing countries，Welcome to the global southern countries。The cooperation project promoted in China is helpful for local development，Most projects are very successful，Pulling the local economy，Added employment，Improving the local development conditions。China as a large economy，The ability to provide funds、The ability to carry out large engineering construction and a good national reputation。Local can get funds from the "Belt and Road" initiative，Participants also learn China's advanced technology and management experience from related projects，Even the backbone of the country's development。So，Construction of the country and related regions for projects under the "Belt and Road" framework、Policy is generally welcome。The "Belt and Road" initiative project in terms of stimulating the establishment of the national economic development and maintaining the overall development of the world economy，It plays a pivotal role。

　　"Belt and Road" is an open frame 

　　"China Social Sciences": After launching the "Belt and Road" initiative，4327_4342

Zhang Yunling: "Belt and Road" is a new initiative launched by China based on new ideas，Diplomacy should serve the development service of the "Belt and Road"。Therefore，China's foreign department actively play a role，Dredging the relationship between the country，Let the international community understand and accept the "Belt and Road" initiative，Do a good job of work by the government of other countries through diplomacy，Cooperation with the government of other countries，jointly promote the "Belt and Road" initiative to land。Chinese Foreign Affairs Department strives to do the work of international organizations，Let international organizations actively participate，To understand and support Chinese behavior and concepts。It should be said，China's foreign department is promoting the better understanding and accepting the "Belt and Road" initiative and related concepts proposed by China，Shape a good international environment and other aspects，I made unremitting efforts，great results。

　　"China Social Sciences": After launching the "Belt and Road" initiative，What are the changes in China's national image?

Zhang Yunling: For this question，We need to do some categories，Know from different perspectives。"Belt and Road" initiative is focusing on global development，Mainly provide a new development environment for southern countries in the world，Therefore，Welcome to most developing countries，Enhanced China's national image。For the consideration of strategic competition and specific interests，The United States and most other developed countries do not accept the “Belt and Road” initiative，Not only does not participate、Not supported，I also proposed a corresponding solution。They think，China's proposal "Belt and Road" initiative is intending to change the existing "international rules"，exclude and replace the traditional interests of developed countries，Not in line with their values ​​standard，Therefore，The "Belt and Road" initiative is identified as a zero -sum game，Even Chinese behavior as "new colonialism"。but but，Many companies in developed countries、The organization did not completely reject the "Belt and Road" initiative，Some also participated in the construction of the “Belt and Road” project。

China has always emphasized that the "Belt and Road" is an open framework，Including two layers of meaning: First, anyone can participate，Later, a third -party cooperation was proposed，The two parties jointly carry out economic cooperation in the third -party market; the second is that if a government does not accept the “Belt and Road”，Enterprises in the country can still participate，For example, the Japanese government has not accepted the “Belt and Road”，But Japanese companies can participate。

So，Pay attention to three points when talking about national image: first，Can't generalize，To analyze specific; second，To avoid directly linked to the project problem with the national image; third，Can't fully put the personal image、Media public opinion and national image are equivalent to the same。

　　"China Social Sciences": the "Belt and Road" initiative and the community of human destiny、Partner Diplomacy、What is the relationship between diplomatic concepts such as global governance?

Zhang Yunling: The "Belt and Road" initiative and the community of human destiny、Partner Diplomacy、A series of diplomatic concepts such as global governance integrate，But its main focus on development areas，Emphasize global development，Provide new cooperation development concepts for southern countries in the world，Emphasize new development cooperation and common participation。In this sense,，is practicing the community of human destiny、Global Development、Global Governance and other initiatives。

The focus of the "Belt and Road" initiative is to promote economic development。The "Belt and Road" initiative can provide platforms and opportunities for Chinese companies to "go global"，but not limited to this。Common "Belt and Road" is mainly through new development cooperation，Realize mutual benefit and share。Promoting new development cooperation，One of the very important content is to improve the local comprehensive development environment，Including infrastructure、capacity building, etc.。An important experience in China's development is "To get rich first"，This experience can be used for the "Belt and Road" construction，Vigorously promote the improvement of local infrastructure。From the perspective of the big pattern，will promote Land Unicom、Land and Sea Connection，Re -painted Eurasia Map Map。

　　"China Social Sciences": What are the main challenges faced in the process of building the "Belt and Road"?

Zhang Yunling: "Belt and Road" has achieved huge results in 10 years，But still need to improve understanding。So far，Regardless of domestic or international community，All think that the "Belt and Road" initiative is China's great strategy。Actually，The "Belt and Road" initiative originated from China，belonging to the world。China cannot save the world with its own strength，It is difficult to sustain only if China does it。Development is a worldwide problem，Is a difficult and long -term process，China can only bear a small part of them。

The "Belt and Road" initiative does not set the border，But the specific cooperation is scope，Can't attribute everything as the "Belt and Road"。To set up project specifications，Develop project standards。The feasible approach is，Different from the projects under the initiative of normal economic and trade activities with the "Belt and Road" initiative。Signed a cooperation agreement with the joint -built state，To clarify which items for the “Belt and Road” investment，Strict demonstration of it、Acceptance and evaluation，Strict control project standard，This can maintain a good reputation of the "Belt and Road"。

"Belt and Road" cooperation object is mainly developing countries，To build and local needs、Projects that are compatible with the Bet365 lotto review level of ability and development，Avoid investing too much in underdeveloped countries。For developed countries，The main is highway and ordinary railway，Be careful about the construction of highways and high -speed railways，The contract time of the cooperation must also be moderate，can be performed in segments，Determined execution in segments。The "Belt and Road" construction project should consider political and social factors，Pay attention to the impact of political stability and policy changes。