Before the Tang Dynasty，Japan is still in the transition period of primitive society to slave society，Medical is relatively backward。5th Century，Traditional Chinese Medicine was introduced into Japan by North Korea。414 years，A Korean doctor came to Japan，I met the Emperor of the time，He may be the first North Korean person to introduce Chinese medicine to Japan。458 years，Another Korean doctor arrived in Osaka，It is passed down from generation to generation。At the same time，Dahe Guo sent people to study medicine in North Korea。Shortless，Buddhism introduced to Japan，Relations of the Japanese and North Korea Relations。When the Buddhist classics are introduced into Japan，Chinese medicine and related medical books also introduced to Japan。Professional medical officials also appeared in Dahe country，Originally "naturalized"、North Koreans who will cure the disease。Emperor Qinming (reigned 539-571) Ruling period，The court recruited a lot of witch doctors，They are both traffic ghosts and gods，And medicine (Chinese medicine)。"Su Wen" was introduced into Japan in the Japanese bird era to the Nara era (6-8th century)，Become a Japanese Medicine in Japan、Basis of pathology and acupuncture theory。561 years，Chinese medicalist、Buddhists Zhicong，Bring 164 volumes such as "Shennong Materia Medica", "Pulse Sutra", "Mingtang Picture" and Buddhist scriptures，Go to North Korea to teach medicine、Buddhist scriptures, etc.。About one year later, the invitation of the Japanese，Go to Japan to teach medicine and Buddhist scriptures。Japanese acupuncture medicine is the same as Han Fang Medicine，Confront from Chinese medicine。The Japanese got "Behind Elbow" from China in 500 years，Among them, there is acupuncture content。552 years，China presented to Japan's Qin Qin Emperor's set of "Needle Scriptures"。

　　Bet365 app download

The Sui and Tang Dynasties (after the 6th century)，Sino -Japanese strengthening exchange，Buddhism、Chinese culture and other Chinese culture in -depth spread to Japan，until the end of the Middle Ages，Japan is almost fully accepted by Chinese medicine，No big changes。Jianzhen arrived in Japan，Except for the presence of the law，Also bet365 best casino games give people a cure。At that time, various Chinese medicines had been introduced to Japan，But the Japanese people's authenticity of the drug、Specification、Can't judge good or bad，So often misuse，Touching to identify。Jianzhen cannot see it with eyes，Just smell、taste、Touching to identify，Correct the errors that appeared in the past。other，He also taught the collection of drugs、Movement、Preparation、Knowledge in use and other aspects，Therefore, it is worshiped by the Japanese medical community as the ancestor。until the Edo era，Pharmaceutical bags in Japanese pharmacies are also printed with Jianzhen portraits，Many prescriptions have also become a valuable heritage of traditional Japanese medicine。

After the renovation is changed，Japan fully imitates China (Tang Dynasty)。701 years，The court released "Dabao Lord"，Among them, the court imitates the Tang Dynasty's Taichai Temple and Tai Medical Department，Establishing Dianyao，Introduction to the Chinese medical system。Among them、Help、allowed、Four official positions，Set one person each。There are also various instructors、Assist in students，10 are physicians、40 doctors、Dr. Medical 1、Dr. 1 person、2 people in a masseur、Massage 10 people、Dr. Massage 1。There are also 2 people who specialize in eliminating the evil spirits of the body (with religious nature)、Mantra is forbidden to give birth to 6 people，Dian Yaotu has 134 staff。Another，The Royal Inner Ting Medical Institution，Calculating the Department of Pharmaceutical。The chief is positive、You、Ling Shi each person。Later，4 servants (supplemented by hand)，A total of 61 people in the Department of Pharmaceutical。896，Inner Medicine Department was abolished，Its personnel are incorporated into the Dian Yao。It is worth mentioning is，Japanese officials also set up a specialty of pharmacies。Its responsibilities are: the medicine households pick herbs everywhere; manage the pharmaceutical garden，Including Dihuang Garden、Wolfberry Garden、Tea Garden, etc.。After the renovation is changed，The children born of the clan are qualified to be trained as a medical officer，They are called four -color life;，Students born in the Xun nationality become doctors、Needle，Choose from the children of more than eight officials (official steps)，Age must be between 13-16 years。After enrollment of four -color birth，To learn bet365 best casino games Chinese classic medical books，Including "Materia Medica Collection Notes", "New Materia Medica", "Pulse", "The Yellow Emperor Mingtang Sutra", "Yellow Emperor's Canon", "A Scripture"。Doctors learn "Tips", "Collection Fang", etc.，Needle Study "Side Map", "Zhang's Chiwu Shen Needle", etc.; After 757，Needle students also need to learn "Ghost Setan"。At that time，Whether it is the central or local，Only noble children are qualified to learn Chinese medicine。Although there are monks who practice Chinese medicine，But the information they can get is relatively small，Systematic theoretical knowledge is not formal。

Sui and Tang Dynasties，Japanese imitation China，Simplify and standardize Chinese medicine，Han Fang Medicine with Japanese characteristics。The difficulty of developing Hanfang Medicine in Japan is inconvenient to obtain various medicinal materials。Many pharmaceutical plants do not live in Japan，Therefore, a large amount of medicinal materials need to be entered from overseas。Nara's Dongda Temple Masaru House has retained the Chinese Pharmaceutical Code of the Emperor of the Saint Wuxi in the 756 years，The 60 Chinese medicines recorded in it are basically transported from China，Some medicinal materials are not produced in China，but from Southeast Asia or West Asia，It indicates that Chinese -Japanese medical exchanges have exceeded East Asia。Emperor Hengwu (781-806 is reigned)，Japanese and Qi Guangshi have two volumes of the medicine book "The Medicine Sutra"，List 254 Chinese medicinal materials。Emperor Emperor (reigned 897-930) period，Deep root auxiliary benevolence has two volumes of "Materia Medica and Name"，I introduced more Chinese medicinal materials and prescriptions to the Japanese。

　　Hanfang Medical Book spread a lot

The Song and Yuan Dynasties (probably equivalent to Kamakura of Japan、Muromachi Shogunate period，10-14 century)，Sino -Japanese transportation has developed，Sea exchanges are more active。At the same time，China's live print printing is developed，More Chinese medicine medical books can be introduced into Japan，Continue development of traditional Japanese medicine。"Physician Questions and Answers" in "Family Story" mentioned，The Japanese invited the famous doctor of the Song Dynasty to see the doctor for seeking a doctor。

to the Kamakura Shogunate period，The national medical system centered on Dian Yaotu has declined，Related medical changes in the renovation and renovation failed to be inherited。bet365 best casino games The reasons are: medical officers are hereditary，The official position is monopolized by the wealthy children; the outstanding doctors of the folk cannot be valued; the power of the local name is enhanced，I hope to get rid of the central government's monopoly on the medical system，So support local doctors。

until the end of the 10th century，Japanese medical books are from China，The author is Chinese。982 (also said 984)，Danbo Kang Lai wrote as the earliest medical book (Japanese)，It is a sign of its traditional medicine for breakthroughs。Actually，His book "Medical Heart Fang" mainly refers to the Tang Dynasty medical book，Content covers acupuncture、Gastrointestinal disease、Skin disease、eye disease、Ear disease、Toothache, etc.，I also introduce some Chinese herbal medicine。This looks like，The core idea still comes from the Chinese medicine classics，Just sort out according to the Japanese habit of thinking，Easy to understand，This has a special significance for popularizing Chinese medicine (Hanfang Medicine)。

Enter the Ming Dynasty (after the 14th century)，Traditional Chinese Medicine (Medicine) Studies have made great progress，At the same time, China -Japan exchange strengthens。At that time，Japanese Zen and Chinese monks frequently，Japanese monks take away many academic classics，Except for Chinese Pharmacopoeia，and India、Persian Medical Book。Japanese "Turkish" cloud: "On the five sutras," Books "," Rites "and suddenly" Poems "," Yi "," Spring and Autumn "，The four books are focused on "The Analects of Confucius", "Learning" and "Yong" and the evil "Mencius"。Divide the Buddhist scriptures without Taoist Sutra，If you see ancient medicine books, you must buy，This heavy doctor also。It is a person who knows at this time，It is a lot of。"1369，Japanese doctor Takeda Changqing went to Ming Xueyi，Master from the Ming Dynasty Taoist Jindong。10 years later (1378)，Jin Weng teaches Niu Huangdan's secret recipe，Marry her daughter to Zhutian。1487，Japanese Tian Dai Sanxi went to China，Learning Gold、Li Dongzheng of the Yuan Dynasty、Medical knowledge of Zhu Danxi。Learn to return home after 12 years，Its prestigious name Zhen East Kingdom，Called "Three Hi of the Ancient River"。Due to Tian Dai Sanxi, China Lee、Zhu Medical Introduction to Japan，Then the Japanese are regarded as the founder of later generations。16th century，China Lee、Zhu Medical is popular in bet365 Play online games Japan。Later generations are faction when they are in the book，Get used to add personal understanding after the prescription，Based on the scriptures，Including "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic", "Treatment of Treatment of Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases", etc.，Sui also known as "Tourism"，means "Tracking Treatment of Top Source" and "Authentic Chinese Medicine"。

"Treatise on Treatment of Febrile" was introduced into Japan in the Ping An Times (9-12 centuries)，It did not begin to be valued until the middle of the Edo period (17-18 century)。Because the theory of "Treatment of Febrile Diseases" is passed into Japan earlier than the theory of the four people of Jin Yuan，So it is called "Ancient Fang"。Ancient Fang School advocates medical retro theory，Ancient medicine that respects the Zhang Zhongjing era，Du Xing "Treatment of Febrile Diseases"。This faction does not advocate too complicated medical theory，Emphasize the five elements of yin and yang and clinical evaluation。Jiyi Dongdong is the representative of the ancient faction。He respects ancient medicalists Bian，Put forward the theory of poisoning of all diseases，Think of all the diseases and thousands of state，Better Guide to Poison，Treatment is just an attack with poison。Its thoughts guide Hanfang Medicine to focus on the development direction of effective results。

During the Warring States Period of Japan (in the middle of the Ming Dynasty)，Dames have vigorously promoted clinical medicine、Development of Pharmaceuticals of Fan State，The reason is: local princes try to get rid of the shogunate to do medicine、Monopoly of Pharmaceuticals and Talents; Japanese War is constantly，Doctors who can cure diseases and wounds become the strength of the vassal state、The key figure that develops and grows。Toyotomi Hideyoshiji has mastered the national power，Starting the implementation of the Fan (Fan) Medical System，Its core institution is Shi Medicine Institute，This is a manifestation of the Japanese regime to move towards monopoly。Fan medical system is roughly as follows: Toyotomi Hideyoshi master the national regime，Including medical。He set up a medicamental hospital，It is in charge of the waiter。At the same time，Hideyoshi also acknowledged that Kyoto pursued the head doctor in charge of the country，But its power is restrained by it。then，Local Fan Medical System，Under the supervision and management of the central government。Later，Shi Yaoyuan gradually monopolized the national medical system。

　　Hanfang Chinese medicine is widely used

At that time，Due to the continuous war，(Army) Medicine develops faster。Medical Officer of the Warring States Period, Takeda, who has pointed out，Military Medical Key Prevention of Popularity Prosperity，Prevent diarrhea、The spread of malaria and heat (flu)。The traditional Chinese medicines they often use are lilac skin、Baiji、Rhubarb、Dihuang、Performance child、蓖 子 （(Tang Husu)，Destroy pus、Clean blood、Stop hemostasis、anti -inflammatory、Diuretic、Analing、Reflection、Jianwei、Blood tonic and other effects。At that time，Japan still raises Jinchuang (sore) medicine。Golden sore medicine is topical first aid medicine，The main effect is to stop bleeding。Except for external application，The wounded still needs to take Chinese medicine，The main medicinal materials appearing in the prescriptions are ginseng、Agarwood、Chuanxiong、Peony、Angelica、betel nut、Mint, etc.。Another，The methods of making golden sores in each genre are also different，For example, Ji Yi Liu is used to chestnut and wooden leather、Antlers gold sores; snake bone、Clam、Antlers、Squid Shell、snake skin、Axian Medicine、Oil Oil Pharmaceutical。The golden sore medicine of Bancang flow is called white medicine; Yuandu Li's name is Hong Bai San;。，Japanese folks are also popular producers and preparations (medicine)。These medicines originated from the Damimenshan Preparation Law of the Temple Temple in Lintong, Kyoto，Therefore, it is also known as the temple family biography，The required medicinal materials are white ginger silkworm、Su sesame oil、Anxiang、诃、No medicine, etc.。In the early War of the Warring States Period (1480)，A good one in his book "Glores Su Destroy" records a variety of family biography centers，For example, there are Suhe (Xiang) Dan、To Baodan、Brain Muska、Sinky musk、Niuhuang Dan、Musk Pill、Bunny Zidan、Aga Toro、Fengxindan、Xiang Su San、Jiasu San、Shenqi Pills, etc.。

To the Warring States Period、Edo period，Japanese acupuncture medicine, in addition to inheriting some characteristics of Chinese acupuncture medicine，It also developed unique diagnostic methods and treatment methods，Kyoto Yuiyuan Yizhai created "Tattoos"。Although it has lost a variety of characteristics such as Chinese needle injection，But played a role in popular needle。

From the 16th century，Portuguese arrived in Japan trade，Jesus spread bet365 Play online games Christianity in Japan，"South Man (Western) Medicine" was introduced to Japan。Tokugawa Shogunate mid -term (18th century)，Since the Dutch established a business hall in Nagasaki，"Lanxue" rise in Japan，The Japanese learn more about western medicine。At this time，Ancient Fang faction has more attention to the effect of prescription medicine，Absorbing medical knowledge (including western medicine)，These scholars are called folding schools。Huagan Qingzhou (1760-1835) is the representative of this faction，He not only studies the similarities and similarities of the various factions of Hanfang Medicine，It also explores the similarities and differences between Dutch Medicine (Western Medicine) and Hanfang Medicine。

After the Meiji Restoration，Japan's full introduction of the Western system，Including the system and system of Western medicine，also despise and restrict the traditional Han Fang Medicine。Huang Zunxian once mentioned，"After the renewal, there is a medical museum，University of Tokyo University of Medicine and Law、Life、Literary school and respect，But its technique is quite good and Western law "。Although there are still some people in Japan, there are still people who continue to study and spread Hanfang Medicine，But its focus has been transferred to the development and use of Han Fang medicine，Japanese Hanfang Medicine has gradually evolved into the status quo of "light medical medicine"。

　　(Author is an associate professor at the School of History and Culture and Tourism of Sichuan Normal University)