The earliest poetry of poetry in China，Perhaps it is the "Poetry Exchange" of King Zhou Mu Mu and Queen Mother West in Yaochi in "Mu Tianzi Biography"，But this is just a legend。Poems that are really in Shi Yizheng should be the poems of the poems when the princes and doctors of the pre -Qin Dynasty were associated with neighbors，But the poems they chant are not made by them。The earliest record of the first record of the poem that can be confirmed now appeared in the poem "Song Gao" in "Book of Songs · Da Ya"。This poem has "Jifu recitation，Poetry Kong Shuo，Its wind is good，Gift to Shen Bo "verse，Clearly click "Jifu Making" to give it to Shen Bo。Later, the Eastern Han Dynasty Cai Yan's "Answers Bu Yuanxuan Poem" was "Binbin Shuo Ren，Yi I use text。Disgusting this rest，Fei Yuji。Dare not pay for，Remarks to Return "，Poems not only "Yi" (gift)，People who accept poems and "pay for"。

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The earliest existing poems with answers from the Emperor Qin Jia, Emperor Emperor Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty、The hand of the Xu Shu couple。Qin Jia has three poems "Poems of Women"。"Yutai Xin Yong" contains the preface of "Poetry of Women"，Preface: "Qin Jia，Zi Shihui，Longxi people also。For the county upper，His wife Xu Shu's sleeping illness returned home，Do not get face fate，Gift to Shi Yuner。"This small preface explained Qin Jia’s home -out、The background of the three poems of official positions and writing。"Poetry of Women" in one cloud: "Life is like Chao Lu，Ju Shitun。Surgery often arrives early，Happy late。Nian Dang as the time to serve，Long far away。Dedication of the car to return to，Sky to return to emptiness。Provincial Book Love，Can't eat for the facts。Sitting alone in an empty room，Who persuaded each other。Bet365 app download Long night can't sleep，Voltage pillow alone。Sorry to loop，Shenzhuang Xi Doming。"His wife Xu Shu wrote" Answer Qin Jia Poems "with five -character poetry，Poetry said: "I don't order，Baby disease comes back。Shenzhuang Xi Doming，Destiny is not bad。Jun Jin Xi is ordered，Love is contrary to。Jun Jin Xi is ordered，Foresiers Xi Jingshi。Yoyo Xie，No Yue Xi Huai。Looking at it，Standing Wandering。Si Jun Xi Sensing，Dream of Ronghui。Junfa Xing Mai，Go to me, I will be good。Hate Wing Wing，Gao Feixi Chase。Chang Yin Xi Yong Tan，Tears, stained clothes。"The Mingren Hu Yinglin" Poetry "praised" Qin Jia and his wife to twists and twists，Guan Zai Poems。True things and true feelings，Qianqiu Ru in "。This is an evaluation made from the true and touching perspective of its emotions。other，In the history of Chinese poetry，Qin Jia、These answers created by the Xu Shu couple also have their special significance。They indicate the development and change of Chinese poetry creation，Poetry begins to write a personal life and experience of individuals，Poetry creation has also begun to have specific readers。and specific readers make poetic lyric lyric，The things written are more specific，The emotion expressed is more focused。

"Selection of the Essay" in the poem received in the poems in the poem of "Selection", there is a gift category，The number of poems is the most，72 poems of 24 people。The significant feature of these poems is that in the topic, the "gift" or "answer" is bid，The poet clearly marked the poetry as a separate individual。

"Mao Poetry Preface" said that poetry was originally "the hometown，Use the State of the State of the State "，"Book of Rites · King" said "Master Chen Shi to watch the folk style"，"Hanshu · Yi Wen Zhi" called "the official of the ancient picked poetry，The king watched the customs，Knowledge of gains and losses，Self -Examination Zhengye "bet365 Play online games ，These are public characteristics of emphasis on poetic writing。Different answers。Wang Yan, the first of the "Answer" atmosphere，The end of the poem "Give Cai Zidu" at the end of its poem: "Why do you give it?。Center Kong Mourning，Tears Lian。嗟 Gentleon，How to think about。"Wang Yan and Cai Zidu took refuge in Jingzhou together，During the parting, he wrote this poem and gave it to friends，Expressing the relationship of cherishment。The emotion expressed in this poem is privatization，But it does not hinder its narration of political life，There is also "Youyou World Road，Disposal and Dorge "and other difficult sighs for the world。

The rise of answering poems，Makes poetry a certain reader before creation，Poems will generally have feedback。From this，The poet is not talking about himself，Not a simple talk，but eager to communicate。It can be said，Gift answers make the communication function of poetry highlight。

other，Poetry of gift answers is due to specific readers，Convenient for the poet's expression or attitude that the poet's expression is not expressed in other occasions。Ru Sima Biao's "Gift Mountain Tao"、Guo Tai's "Answer Fu Xian"，These two poems express the personalization request who wants the other party to recommend themselves。And Zhang Hua said in his "Answer He Poems", "Self -giving and consciousness，Not in the name。Xu Tian's theft is good，Literature Less Sutra "，Called your own aspirations and talents are not in "fame" but "literature"，Expressed is also personal feelings。

　　Activate poetry narrative ability

"Mao Poems" says "Poet，Zhi Zhi also。Mind in the heart，Emotional moves in the middle。Emotional moves in the middle，Speaking "。The poem of gift answers is that since it is for a specific reader，At the same time, it is necessary to read in the poem and lyric。From this，Poetry to activate poetry's narrative function。In terms of answering poems in the Middle Ages，Bet365 app download Its narrative mainly includes the following categories。

First，narrative sent off。The tradition of the ancients farewell to the "gift with words"。According to legend, Confucius said goodbye to Lao Tzu，Lao Tzu "Give Gift to Word"。The three poems recorded by Wang Yan recorded in the poem recorded in the "Selection" are all written by him when he sees him for friends，Its "Gift Uncle Liang" is directly called "Wei Poetry as a gift"。Cao Zhi's "Gift Bai Ma Wang Biao" is also a work with the author and the white horse king Cao Biao.。

Second，narrative what the poet encountered。There are also narrative poets to visit poets、Travel，or depict tour、The scenery encountered during the trip。The poet puts these things in the form of poetry、These scenes are written to the other party，At the same time, I also told the other party about my mind at the time。Such as Xie Huilian's "Xiling Encountering the Wind"、Xie Yan's "Temporary Metropolitan Night Shin Night Shinlin to Jingyi Gifts to Xifu Colleagues" and other poems are the masterpieces of such poems。

third，Poet describes his situation and ideas。In this kind of poetry，The poet tells himself，Shows to someone to reveal his own heart feelings。For example, Fu Xian is called "Fang Shi Huai" in his "Preface" of his "Beware He Ji Wang Ji"，It shows that I hope to chase He Zhe、The wish of Wang Ji two sages，But ashamed of it, it is better to retreat，In fact, it is euphemistically expressing his own career trap。

Fourth，Describes the other party's affairs for appreciation。The other party is not enough to give poems to persuade，The other party has the advantages of the opponent and appreciates it。Whether it is persuasion or appreciation，The focus is on the other side。Ru Liu's "Three Brothers Gifts"，Ip algae、pine cypress、Phoenix appreciates the character of his brother，Naturally encouraging meaning。As Cao Zhi wrote a poem "Gift Xu Gan"，Liu Liang Note: "Both Zi Jian and Xu Qian are not used，Bet365 lotto review The meaning of resentment，Therefore, for this poem。"" Actually，The poem is said to reward Xu Qian's poverty but talent，and implicitly indicate to recommend him。

fifth，Express the thoughts that can be separated from friends。Ru Luji has two songs with "Gift to Shang Shulang Gu Yanxian"，Shiyun "and Zozo Xiao Wall，Xiao Wall blocked and deep。Sound Sound day and night wide，Sound and sound。Sound Sound day and night wide，How to comfort my heart "，Li Zhou Han explained that Lu Ji and Gu Yanxian "also" also Shang Shulang，Don't meet in the rain，Therefore, give this poem "。

Sixth，Describes something to achieve some practical purpose。As Lu Yan served as paragraph in the end of the Jin DynastyDon't drive，Lu Yan feels that he has lost some festival，But I have to follow，So I wrote a poem "Give Liu Ye" to indicate the trace of heart。Liu Yan's poem "Answer Lu Yan"，"Treasure of the World，Dangdang of the world "inspired Lu Yan to establish the great ambition of Kuang Fujin room，and talk about your unwavering sadness and anger。Later Liu Yan suffered DuanpiSuspecting and imprisonment，Another poem "Return to Lu Yan" Inspired Lu Yan to complete the great cause of saving the country，and rescue yourself in the trapped。

Seventh，The poet describes his sincere feelings to friends in the presence of poems。For example, the four of the two of the "Gift to the Funny Following Following Following Following Following Following Following Following Following Following the Following Following Following" said "Wang Mu Jie Unpoppy，Yier New Poetry "，It shows that presented poems to friends is because of the Mu Mu for friends。

Answer poems in the Middle Ages use the narrative to express the poet's emotion，Therefore, the narrative function of poetry activated，At the same time, the feelings expressed in poetry have been implemented。The combination of narrative and lyric，also added the artistic appeal of the poem。

　　Establishing Poetry Creation Standards

When emphasizing the publicity of poetry，The criteria for the creation bet365 live casino games of poetry are the "Sequential" in "Mao Poetry"，Study on etiquette and righteousness "，The reason is "Send Love，The nature of the people also，stop littering，Zezhi Zeye "。Emphasize the private nature of poetry，What is its creative standard? Read the old -fashioned poem that has been reserved so far，We can find that there are a large number of descriptions of "sincerity"，This can be regarded as a creative standard for answering poems at that time to some extent。

Many of the gifts of the two Jin Dynasty have written "Cheng sincerity"。For example, Zhang Hua wrote in the second middle of "Answer He Shi Poem": "Use the sensation Jiayu，Write Zhongcheng。Sending the article, although Wen Li，Nothing is a violation of its love。"He associated the" fate "of the poem to answer the poems in the literati and" write the heart to Zhongcheng "，The emotion written in the proposal should be based on "sincerity"。Zhang Hua believes that the viewing poem should be "written out of Zhongcheng". At that time, many answering poems were reflected，As Fu Xian's "Gift to Cui Fu Erlang Poems", "I am good for me，Give me Qing Poetry "," Sincerity，Righteousness in Himming "，Lu Yun's "Answer General Wu Poems of King Wu" "There is also Fangxun，Thin Loles "，Zheng Feng's "Answer Lu Shilong · Nanshan" "Discard its number，Word to take its sincerity "，Sun Chuo's "Answer to the Poems" "Concentrate on the Capital，Dare to thank the short quality "and other verses，All shows to varying degrees，The "fate" of the gift should be based on "sincerity" as the standard。This can be seen，The emphasis on "sincerity" has become an important trend in the creation of poems at that time。

Wang Fu criticized the Han Dynasty's "Essays" in "The Division of the Division · Nutsbook" as "the dishonestyor"。Different from this，During the Middle Ages, the answer poems gradually formed the creative standard for "writing the heart"。This standard inherits the claim of Confucius' "rhetoric"。Bet365 lotto review "Liyi" is an external social specification，and "sincerity" focuses on self -requirements。Emphasize the publicity of poetry，Naturally, you should pursue "Send Love，Study on etiquette and righteousness "，When focusing on the talk and communication function of poetry in the private field，It is necessary。This not only sets the two standards of "inside" and "outer" for poetry creation，It also provides a broader space for the development of poetry。

　(Author Unit: School of Literature, Guangxi Normal University)