There is no distinction between high and low in style，However, according to the second volume of Ouyang Xiu's "Guitian Lu"，Qian Weiyan calls himself "sitting and reading the history of scriptures"，Lie down and read bet365 champions league，Read small words when going to the toilet"，The novel’s low cultural status is evident from this。Actually，In ancient China，Novel is not so much a literary genre，It is better to say it is a culture。

　The term "novel" has had a distinct cultural orientation since its creation，It was first seen in "Zhuangzi Foreign Things" in "Decorating bet365 champions league to serve as county magistrates"，Referring to the trivial and superficial theories of other schools of thought except Taoism。"Xunzi: Correcting Names" also contains the phrase "Xiaojiazhen said"，Used to refer to other schools of thought besides Confucianism。Visible，The word "novel" during the Warring States Period was the product of "the contention of a hundred schools of thought"，But "novel" at this time was not a literary genre，It is a derogatory cultural term。

Until the Eastern Han Dynasty，Although "novel" is regarded as a literary genre，But what people value is its cultural attributes。"Zhuzilue" in Ban Gu's "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" discusses "novel": "Novelists are popular，Gai comes from the barnyard official。Street talk，Made by hearsay。Confucius said: ‘Although it is a small way，There must be people who can appreciate it。Zhiyuan Horrible Mud，It is not for a gentleman。’However, it cannot be destroyed。Within the reach of the little knower in the village，Also never forget the emblem，Or as good as one word，This is also the opinion of a crazy man who chews cud。”What’s interesting is，What Ban Gu said "Confucius said" is not the words of Confucius，But the words of Zixia, a disciple of Confucius。According to "The Analects of Confucius·Zizhang"，Zixia’s so-called “little ways” refer to skills such as agriculture, industry, commerce, medicine, and divination，Nothing to do with "novel"；But Ban Gu secretly changed the concept，Equate “novel” and “trail”，Will not be attributed to Confucianism、The works of Taoists and other scholars are all classified as "novel"，And declared that "the ten schools of thought，Only nine of them are impressive”。Ban Gu’s view of bet365 champions league has two core connotations: one is to emphasize the practicality of bet365 champions league and ignore their aesthetic value；The second is that the novel comes from folk rumors，Knowledge is of little value。Obviously，Ban Gu examines the novel from a cultural rather than a literary standpoint，This is also the fundamental reason why he placed the novel in the sub-section。

Tang and Song Dynasties，Orthodox literati still inherit Ban Gu’s view of “cultural” bet365 champions league，For example, "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi", "Old Tang Shu·Jing Ji Zhi", "New Tang Shu·Yiwen Zhi", etc. all classify bet365 champions league into the sub-department or the history department，They all evaluate bet365 champions league from a cultural rather than a stylistic perspective。Ming and Qing Dynasties，Orthodox literati still place the novel in the traditional cultural genealogy。Orthodox Seven Years (1442)，Li Shimian of the Imperial Academy asked to ban the destruction of bet365 champions league such as "Jian Deng Xin Hua"，Considering bet365 champions league as the “last learning” besides the “proper learning” of classics and history。Ji Yun still adheres to the concept of cultural bet365 champions league，Therefore, the "Sikuquanshu General Catalog" still places the novel in the sub-section，Emphasis on its "admonishment"，Wide knowledge，Practical functions of "Qualification Certificate"；Promote bet365 champions league that are good at "reason" as "the pen of the author"，Negative of the “pen of genius” in bet365 champions league。

The negative impact of the concept of cultural bet365 champions league on the development of ancient bet365 champions league is obvious，The most prominent one is the denial of the entertainment function of bet365 champions league。The entertainment function of the novel best reflects its literary aesthetic significance，For example, "Wei Lue" records that Cao Zhi first met Handan Chun, the author of "Laughing Forest"，"Reciting thousands of words of actor's bet365 champions league"，The term "actor" indicates the entertainment function of bet365 champions league。People in the Tang Dynasty mostly compiled bet365 champions league for entertainment purposes，Therefore, Lu Xisheng's "Preface to Beihu Lu" calls the novelist "funny and humorous as a source of laughter"。Zairu，"Tang Huiyao" said that Wei Shou, a Tang Dynasty man, was "good at comedy，Also familiar with human bet365 champions league"。Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Zazu" records that he "watched a drama on his brother's birthday，Novel about a city dweller”。The so-called "human bet365 champions league" and "urban bet365 champions league" here all have entertainment functions。However，Orthodox literati who advocate "writing to convey the Tao" have a negative attitude towards this，For example, Liu Zhiji's "Shi Tong·Cai Zhuan" said that "Sou Shen Ji", "Yu Lin" and other "contains or humorous debates"，Or ghosts and monsters。This is not a holy matter，What Yang Xiong ignores；His words are confusing，Zhong Ni said nothing”，"Although it pleases the villain，Finally, I will sneer at a gentleman”。Liu Zhiji’s so-called “knowledge” and “gentleman” are what orthodox literati think，Novel belongs to game writing，A work that is “not holy” and “harmful to the Tao”。

After Song and Yuan Dynasties，The entertainment color of popular vernacular bet365 champions league derived from folk speaking skills is more obvious，There was a type of "joking" in the speech of the Song Dynasty，Specializes in telling humorous stories。The "Sixty bet365 champions league" written by Hong Zhen during the Jiajing period is divided into six volumes: "Rain Window", "Long Lamp", "Song with the Navigation", "Zi Pillow", "Jie Xian" and "Awakening Dream"，It also highlights the entertainment and leisure functions of the novel。Although vernacular bet365 champions league became increasingly popular after the Song and Yuan Dynasties，Some orthodox literati also like to read vernacular bet365 champions league for entertainment purposes，But they still stick to the concept of cultural bet365 champions league。For example，Luo Ye's "Drunkard's Talk" Volume 1 "Novel Development" calls bet365 champions league "the end of learning"。Hu Yinglin's "Shaoshi Shanfang Bi Cong" divides "novel" into six categories，However, popular vernacular bet365 champions league such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin" are excluded，And collectively refer to them as "Romance"。Ji Yun also ignores the achievements of popular vernacular bet365 champions league，Nothing will be recorded in his "Sikuquanshu General Catalog"。Obviously，Orthodox literati who uphold the concept of cultural bet365 champions league have never really accepted popular vernacular bet365 champions league in their hearts。

The novel comes from hearsay、Street talk，This stipulates the folk nature、Hearsay、Fictionality is its important feature，This is especially true for vernacular bet365 champions league derived from folk speaking skills。However，Orthodox literati who are in the "great tradition" of culture mostly worship reality and despise virtuality，Also rejects cultural "little traditions", that is, folk popular culture，Therefore they tend to despise bet365 champions league，Regard it as a "trail"，This is the fundamental reason for the low cultural status of bet365 champions league。Based on this，The cultural policy of banning and destroying bet365 champions league was implemented during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，As a result, "The Laws and Regulations of the Qing Dynasty" has great influence on creation、There are clear penalties for spreading bet365 champions league，Even the emperor got involved，For example, "Emperor Sheng Zuren's Court Motto" contains the words of Emperor Kangxi: "The words taught by ancient saints are scriptures，What you do is history，Opening a book is good for you。You usually recite and teach your children，Only focus on classics and history...you must not let young children read bet365 champions league。Novel thing，All performed，Nothing real。”In the traditional cultural genealogy，The low status of bet365 champions league is self-evident。

In such a social environment，Novelists will naturally be looked down upon by the world，The novelist himself is not confident in his novel creation，Even looking down on oneself，Therefore, Wang Guowei's "On the Duties of Philosophers and Artists" said that novelists "all treat themselves as dwarfs and promote excellence，The world also uses dwarfs to promote good storage"。The sixteenth poem of Cheng Jinfang's "Poem of Nostalgia" was specially written for Wu Jingzi, the author of "The Scholars"，There is a saying in it: "I feel sorry for this people，It is said that it is a barnyard grass。”Cheng Jinfang is Wu Jingzi’s best friend，He still has such an attitude towards his novel writing，The novelist’s embarrassing situation can be seen here。It is not difficult to understand why so many novel authors dare not sign their names，And often use pen names or pseudonyms。Novelists often advertise themselves as "The Book of Wings", "Supplementing History" and "Encouragement and Punishment"，It is intentionally closer to the concept of cultural bet365 champions league，In order to gain recognition from orthodox literati。For example，Historical romance bet365 champions league are the bulk of ancient Chinese chapter bet365 champions league，But there are few classics after "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"，The fundamental reason is that novelists do not view historical bet365 champions league from the perspective of "style" but from the perspective of "culture"，For example, Cai Yuanfang wrote a preface to "Records of the Kingdoms of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" and said that the novel "may be of great benefit to historiography"。Limited to traditional historian culture，Place historical romance in the genealogy of traditional knowledge，Ignore the essential difference between history and fiction，Of course it cannot handle the relationship between virtual and real well。

Want it，Compared with other literary styles，Ancient Chinese bet365 champions league are more like a cultural carrier full of contradictions。The low cultural status of ancient Chinese bet365 champions league and the severe environment faced by their creation and dissemination，All closely related to this。In the view of orthodox literati，The literary aesthetic qualities of bet365 champions league as a genre are far less important than their cultural attributes。

(This article is a phased result bet365 champions league National Social Science Fund’s major bidding project “Quanming Note Compilation and Research” (17ZDA257)

(bet365 champions league’s unit: College of Liberal Arts, Heilongjiang University)