There is no high, low, and cheap score in the style of style，However, according to Ouyang Xiu's "Guitian Record" Volume II，Qian Wei claims to be "sitting in history，Reading novels，Read a small resignation if you go to the toilet "，The low cultural status of the novel can be seen from this。Actually，In ancient China，Rather than talking about novels is a literary style，Maybe it is a culture。

The term "novel" has a clear cultural orientation from the date of generation，It was first seen in "Decoration Novels in Zhuangzi · Foreign Protocol"，Meaning to say the trivial and shallow theory of various schools outside the Taoist family。"Xunzi · Rective" and "Xiaojiazhen said" a word，It is used to accuse the doctrine of all scholars other than Confucianism。Visible，The term "novel" during the Warring States Period is the product of "hundreds of disputes"，But the "novel" at this time is not a style，but a cultural term with derogatory colors。

and to Eastern Han，"Novel" is considered a style，But what people value is its cultural attribute。Ban Gu's "Hanshu · Yi Wen Zhi" "Zhuzi Lue" theory "Novel" cloud: "Fictionist flow，Cover out of the official。Street talks，Taoist listener created also。Confucius said: ‘Although trail，There must be a considerable person。Zhiyuan terror mud，Taking a gentleman Episite。。Where the Little Knowing Those bet365 live casino games who know，It also makes you unforgettable，or can be collected in a word，This is also the discussion of the crazy husband。"The intriguing is，Ban Gu's so -called "Confucius" Yunyun is not Confucius，but the words of Confucius disciples Zixia。According to "The Analects of Confucius · Zi Zhang"，The so -called "small road" of Zixia refers to the skills such as agricultural industry and commerce and medicine，has nothing to do with "novel"; Ban Gu steal the concept，Draw an equal number between "Novel" and "Tao"，It will not be attributed to Confucianism、Tao and other homes are all attributed to "Novel"，and declare "the ten sons，It is only nine of its available people "。The core connotation of Ban Gu's novel concept: First, special emphasis on the practicality of the novel and ignore its aesthetic value; the other is that the novel comes from folk rumors，Cognitive value is not great。Obviously，Ban Gu is standing on culture rather than literary stand to examine novels，This is also the fundamental reason why he placed the novel in the sub -part。

Tang and Song Dynasties，Orthodox literati still inherits Ban Gu's "cultural" novel view，Like "Sui Shu · Classics", "Old Tang Books · Classics", "New Tang Book · Yi Wen Zhi", etc.，All assess novels from the perspective of culture rather than literary and stylistic。Ming and Qing Dynasties，Orthodox literati still places the novel in the traditional cultural spectrum。Orthodox seven years (1442)，Guozi Jianjiu Li Shi, please ban the novels such as "New Talks of Cut the Lantern"，regarding novels as "End School" Bet365 app download beyond the history of Scripture。Ji Yan still adheres to the view of cultural novels，Therefore, its "Siku Quanshu" still places the novel in the sub -department，Emphasize its "persuasion，Guangjian Wen，Investment Certificate "; the novel that advocates the long -term" rational "is" the pen of the book "，Negative the "talent of talent" in the novel。

The negative impact of cultural novel view on the development of ancient novels is obvious，Among them, the most prominent is the negation of novel entertainment functions。The entertainment function of the novel best reflects its literary aesthetic meaning，For example, "Weili" contains Cao Zhi to see the author of "Smile Forest" Handan Chun，For the "Thousands of Words of Removing the Novels"，The word "俳 俳" means the entertainment function of the novel。Novels compiled by Tang people are also mostly for the purpose of entertainment and leisure，Therefore Lu Xisheng's "Beihu Record Preface" called the novelist "funny and humorous as the asset of laughing"。Another example，"Tang Hui Yao" called the Tang Dynasty Wei Yan "Good Harmony，Nihon Novels "。Duan Chengchao "Puyang Miscellaneous" contains "Due to the Birthday Miscellaneous Play，There are city people novels "。The so -called "human novels" and "city novels" here all have entertainment functions。But，The orthodox literati who advocates "text to carry the way" is a negative attitude for this，Such as Liu Zhiju's "Shitong · Cai" called "Search God" and "Yulin" and other "it contains or witty debate，or Ghost Ghost。It is not sacred，Yang Xiong doesn't look at bet365 live casino games it;，Zhongni does not say "，"Although please please villain，Finally see the gentleman 矣 "。Liu Zhizhu's so -called "knowledge" and "gentleman" means that the authentic literati believes，The novel belongs to the game pen and ink，It is a work of "non -holy" and "harmful Tao"。

After the Song and Yuan Dynasties，The entertainment color of popular vernacular novels from folk speaking tricks is more obvious，In the Song Dynasty, there are "speaking" categories，Specialty about humorous and humorous story。Jiajing Jianhong's "Sixty Novels" is divided into "Rain Window", "Long Light", "Suiolong", "Pillow", "Xie Dream", "Awakening Dream" six volumes，It also highlights the entertainment and leisure function of the novel。Although vernacular novels gradually become popular after the Song and Yuan Dynasties，Some orthodox literati likes to read vernacular novels for entertainment needs，But they still adhere to the view of cultural novels。For example，Luo Yan's "Drunk Man Talk" Volume 1 "Novel Development" is called "Last Study"。Hu Yinglin's "Shao Mishan Fang Cong" divides "novels" into six categories，But excluded popular vernacular novels such as "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin"，collects it collectively as "Romance"。Ji Yan also has no vision of popular vernacular novels，It will not be recorded in its "Four Caber All Books"。Obviously，Orthodox literati who adhere to the concept of cultural novels have never really accepted popular vernacular novels in their hearts。

Novels originated from Dao Listening theory、Street talks，This specifies the bet365 Play online games folkness、Rumors、Fiction is its important feature，This is even more like a vernacular novel derived from the folk speaking tricks。But，Orthodox literati in the cultural "great tradition" more Chongshi 黜 黜，And the "small tradition" of culture, that is, a rejection attitude of folk public culture，Therefore, they often despise novels，as "Tao"，This is the fundamental reason that leads to the low cultural status of the novel。Based on this，The cultural policy of banned novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，As a result、The novels of the dissemination are made clear punishment regulations，Even the emperor participated in it，As the words "Emperor Shengzu Ren Ting Ting Lead" Zai Kangxi's words: "，What is done is history，Opening volume is beneficial to the body。Er and other recitation and teaching children，Only by the history of classics ... You can't let the novels from seeing the novel。Novels，All performed，No real place。"in the traditional cultural spectrum，The low status of the novel is self -evident。

In such a social environment，Novelists will naturally be despised by the world，The novelist himself is not confident in his own novel creation，Even ourselves，Host King Guowei "On the Territory of Philosophers and Artists" said that the novelist "Both use dwarfs to advocate excellence，The world also advocates the excellence with dwarfs "。Cheng Jinfang's 16th song for Wu Jingzi, the author of "The History of Ruhilin",，Among them, there is a cloud: "I am the sorrow of the people，Talking with 稗 稗。"Cheng Jinfang as a friend of Wu Jingzi，Still with such bet365 best casino games an attitude towards his novel creation，The embarrassing situation of the novelist is evident here。It is not difficult to understand why so many novel authors dare，and often use a pen name or a pseudonym。and novelists often use the "Wing Jing Biography", "Make -up History" and "Punishment".，It is intended to be closer to cultural novels，VII is recognized by orthodox literati。For example，Historical Romance Novels are the Grands of Novels of Ancient Chinese Charts，But there are no classic works after the Romance of the Three Kingdoms，The fundamental reason is that the novelist does not look at historical romance novels from the perspective of "culture"，For example, Cai Yuanzhan as the "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" prefaced the novel "History or no small benefits"。囿 Traditional historical official culture，Place historical romance in traditional knowledge spectrum，Ignore the essential difference between history and novels，Of course, it cannot handle the relationship between the virtual and real relationship。

I want，Compared with other styles，Ancient Chinese novels are more like a contradictory cultural carrier。The low cultural status of ancient Chinese novels and the severe environment faced by their creations and communication，All are closely related to this。From the perspective of orthodox literati，Novels as a literary aesthetic traits as a style of literature are far less important than their cultural attributes。

(This article is the "All -Ming Note Taking and Research" (17zda257) phased achievement of the major bidding project bet365 live casino games of the National Social Science Fund)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Heilongjiang University)