John Storey:

　　Emeritus Professor, Center for Media and Cultural Studies, University of Sunderland, UK；

　　bet365 score field: cultural theory and popular culture;

　　Representative works: "Introduction to Cultural Theory and Popular Culture", "Cultural bet365 score and Daily Life", etc.。

Each of us consumes，bet365 score and shopping are not the same thing，Whether it’s eating、Drink、Reading、Watching TV，Let’s visit the gallery，These are all bet365 score。We have already been involved in all aspects of bet365 score，Everyone is a consumer。Why bet365 score is an important sociological concept？There are two reasons，First，bet365 score behavior can help us analyze the relationship between people，And the interaction between people and the world around them，And this interaction is increasingly important to our survival。Secondly，bet365 score is related to the concept of “agency”，i.e. what people do，Not how they were treated，Or what they can do。

Before critical attention to bet365 score，People think that the meaning and purpose of things are determined by their mode of production or their own simple and silent materiality。But new bet365 score concepts pose challenges to this way of thinking，bet365 score is not a silent or predictable end of production。People are redefining it as an activity、A process，Defined as a thing about purpose and meaning，This is how most people intervene in culture。Therefore，Different from some very influential views，We should not regard the things used for bet365 score as bet365 score itself。You may know，In a specific social environment，Our reading volume will increase or decrease，But this is not what we read、Reason for reading，There are also ways to read，It doesn’t even matter the impact of reading it。How people consume and what they consume are different concepts，Just like the purpose and meaning of books，Nor can it be determined by categorizing what is available for reading，It should be determined by the availability of things and their own use and meaning。The emergence of bet365 score concepts in sociology，It is to challenge such a view and attitude，Want to understand the sociological concept of bet365 score，Then it must first be regarded as the result of theoretical construction。

Capitalist economics believes，bet365 score is a theory，Just disguised as a description。“Rational economic man” is the core issue of many economic theories。"He" - few people use "she" to refer to，Is a consumer who makes bet365 score choices based on rationality and self-interest，In fact, it is these choices that determine the final output。In many ways，It is regarded as the universal answer to capitalist economics。Although bet365 score is the basis of capitalist economic structure，But this does not mean that bet365 score can be reduced to a single economic event。

There are at least two reasons to refute this view。First，bet365 score comes in many forms，There are many that do not even involve economic exchange，For example, borrowing books from the library、Visit attractions、Drink water from public drinking water outlets、Receive gifts, etc.。Secondly，From a sociological perspective，bet365 score is not just a simple event，It is no longer the moment when things are acquired，But a series of moments throughout the process。The bet365 score process includes at least four aspects，Why do we need to consume、What to consume、How to consume、What is the result of bet365 score，These are independent moments in this variable process。The process of considering what book to buy and buying the book are different，Buying books and reading are also different，Writing a book or discussing the content of a book with friends is different from reading。The starting point and end point of capitalist economics are purchasing behavior，But if we regard bet365 score as a process，Then you must consider other times besides purchasing。For example，The process of finding books in a bookstore，In fact, it is a selection process、A process of actively seeking to consume things，Maybe the moment of purchase will not be involved until after this。If I buy the next book，Then take it home and read，The act of reading is the third moment，And the fourth moment is to write something after reading，Or with family、Friend、Colleagues discuss their own opinions。Results of acquisition and possession，That’s what people might care about，And combine it with memory，Facts deemed to have generated benefits。And in this process，Not all times will have the same level of activity，Such as payment behavior，It will also be different in different bet365 score processes。In the process of bet365 score，There is not necessarily a process in which something is consumed。If we think that bet365 score is a purely economic activity，Then it only exists at the moment of purchase，And defined only by exchange value。But after we purchased something，The bet365 score process will not stop。These moments other than purchasing make bet365 score part of culture，Because in these moments，bet365 score has only begun to be closely related to social functions and meaning production，As a result, a series of social and personal goals can be achieved。

What we consume and how we consume serve who we are or who we want to be。bet365 score may be used to create and maintain a particular lifestyle，Can give you comfort when you lose，Or celebrate success in some symbolic way、Commemorating achievements，Can satisfy our needs and desires，Can provide material conditions for our dreams，Can be a sign of social disparity and class status。Looks like this，bet365 score is no longer the research object we originally knew。

It varies according to the "discourse"，bet365 score can also exist in different forms。According to Foucault’s theory，“Word” has three forms: edification、Constraints and composition。He explained that "discourse" is the practical process of systematically forming the objects of what people say，Academic subjects are a kind of "discourse"，They all have achievements、Constraint、Constitute three elements，The theoretical framework of each discipline discusses the research object in a specific way。In this process，It shapes and constrains what is said about itself，But not only that，By constructing it into a special research object，can form a specific reality，That is, the true meaning of the object。So when we refer to bet365 score in different “discourses”，It also seems to become a completely different research object，Because it is for a specific theoretical method，It is explained with some kind of "discourse"。Although this does not mean that it cannot exist independently of these discursive expressions，Just in these words，It only exists as a specific research object，And whether it is constructive，It depends on the structure of the discourse field，For example, a moment of purchase、A social practice、Part of cognitive formation、Display of cultural capital，Even the process of mediatization。This does not mean outside of these words，bet365 score ceases to exist。Opposite，The existence of bet365 score as an object of study depends on the conditions under which these chaotic events emerge。Therefore，When different theoretical approaches construct different understandings of bet365 score as a research object in discourse，The understanding of bet365 score is naturally different。

Accumulation or the pursuit of profits is an inevitable requirement of capitalism，Capitalism is not limited to satisfying desires，It must create desire。If bet365 score is not increased，It cannot regenerate itself，So nature is going to great lengths to redefine us as consumers living in a consumer society。Although we cannot confuse bet365 score with consumerism， But we still have to admit it，bet365 score occurs in a specific historical background，That is, capitalist consumer society。Marx distinguished between general modes of production and specific historical modes of production。He thinks，The general mode of production is common to all social conditions，is not affected by historical figures like humans，But the fact that humans need to produce is always closely related to specific production methods in history。Humanity has never stopped producing，But the mode of production changes with history，In other words，There is a difference between the slavery mode of production and the capitalist mode of production。If we think about it from the perspective of bet365 score，That will also lead to a similar conclusion，There is a general bet365 score pattern，There are also specific bet365 score patterns，Human beings consume from beginning to end，Just in different historical periods，We consume differently。

Now，We are about bet365 score、bet365 score Practice，And the attitude of consumer desire is a production mode formed with the historical development of capitalism。In simple terms，Consumerism is the capitalist version of bet365 score，It is a special way of historical bet365 score，It is unique to the capitalist historical mode of production。