The spirit of Chinese aesthetics is made of condensed and accumulated from Chinese aesthetic thoughts for thousands of years，and Confucian aesthetics occupy an almost dominant position，It has a significant impact on the aesthetic concept of the Chinese nation。Confucius said: "Zhou Jian in the second generation，Yu Wenyu! I from Zhou。"" ("The Analects of Confucius · Eight") Confucius greatly respects the culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Confucian aesthetics is also created on the basis of inheritance and development of the Western Zhou aesthetics。In this sense,，Western Zhou Aesthetics is a more original gene of Chinese aesthetics，is the beginning of the history of the history of Chinese aesthetics。Therefore，Based on the more reliable handed down literature，Unexpected documents such as Bronze Inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Refer to the ritual book passed by Confucianism，In -depth exploring the further development of Chinese aesthetics research on the history of Chinese aesthetics and the inheritance and promotion of the spirit of Chinese aesthetics，Has a positive role。

Yin Shang is a powerful dynasty that has ruled the Central Plains for more than 500 years，"Poetry · Shang Song · Xuan Bird" calls it "Bangye thousands of miles" and "Zhaoxi and Sea"，The "Dayi Shang" appeared in the inscriptions and inscriptions is the reputation of the Yin people for the country。Bet365 app download Nearly 150,000 pieces that have been circulated to this day have the oracle bone description of divination，Religious theology occupies the core position in Yin Shang's ideology，It is to deal with social affairs of Yin Shang、Prove the basis of the legitimacy of the regime。After the Zhou people "Ke Shang"，Quickly develop religious changes，Gradually replaced the highest god of Yin people with the "sky" of Zhou people- "Emperor"。"Emperor" is a moody personality god，Yin people only continue to sacrifice it，can from the advent of disasters。The "sky" replaced by it is very different，Although it can also determine the blessing of the world，But it has regularly to follow，"Emperor Heaven No Dear，Dade is supplemented "(" Shang Shu · Cai Zhongzhi ")。Whether the ruler of the world has "virtue"，The basis for becoming a god of rewards and punishments in the world。From the perspective of Zhou people，The reason why Yin Shang died is because the Shang king has no "virtue"。This was also the reason for the weak Zhou who could defeat the powerful "Dayi merchants" at that time。

The beginning of "De" has appeared in Oracle，Lisu is determined to be 徝，Express the meaning of inspection，As "Geng Shenba，Fight，Zhen Wang 徝 Earthquake "(" Oracle Collection 06390)。The word "virtue" in the Western Zhou Dynasty added "Heart"，This reflects the "virtue" of the Western Zhou Dynasty that emphasizes the inspection of people's hearts，It has ethical and moral meaning，As "Zhao Dai Yuande，Xiaoyou Wei Style "(" Line Fang Ding ");" Yunya Xian，Wei Jingde，Dead Young Bet365 lotto review "(" Ban 簋 ")。Although the specific meaning of "virtue" is not clearly answered in the inscription of the Western Zhou Dynasty，However, the remarks of some characters in the Western Zhou Dynasty can help understand "virtue"，Ru Liangfu said to King Zhou Li: "People belong to Germany。‘Germany’ s people wearing，No Demin 雠 '，兹 兹。Shang Ye's abuse of Xia Xun，I have home。"(" Yi Zhou Book · Ruiliangfu Jie ") King Shang Ye was violent as Xia Ji and died of the country，Because the people always return to the virtue of the king，You virtue is supported by the people，Wide is hated。According to "Historical Records of Yin Benji"，King of Shang Yang has long been obsessed with sound dogs and horses，"More than"。This can be seen，"Lust" is the performance of Wude，If you virtue, you will not obscen，No virtue for prostitution。The internal history of the Zhou Hui period has further said: "The Tao is God，It is Fengfu。Lost and God，It is a greedy disaster。"(" Mandarin · Zhou Yu ") This highlights the vertical desire、The "obscenity" that enjoys uncomfortableness is a kind of unparalleled expression，It will bring huge disaster to the country。Therefore，Pay attention to the "virtue" Western Zhou culture holds a strong critical attitude towards "prostitution"。

Ye Lang thinks，Compared with Western Aesthetics，Chinese aesthetics is not centered on "beauty" ("Outline of Chinese Aesthetics")。But in fact，A history of Chinese aesthetics contains many ancient people's evaluation of "beauty"、Reflection and even defined content。The word "beauty" has been Bet365 lotto review in the Oracle text，But it is often used as a person name and place name，such as "Zimei" ("Oracle Collection" 12939 Anti -)、"Zhenyu Yu Mei" ("Oracle Collection" 22044)。other，"Beauty" in the Institute of Western Zhou Dynasty is also used as a verb，Praise，such as "Jue Miwei" ("Burning Gong")。These "beauty" are not objects to be discussed by aesthetics。

According to the recorded document，Someone in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty began to evaluate and reflect on "beauty"。For example, "Mandarin · Zhou Yu" contains: "King of Kings traveling in，Mi Kanggong Cong，There are three daughters.。Its mother said: ‘it will be to king。Three of Beasts and Beasts，Female three as 粲，Female three as 粲。Wang Tian does not take group，Driving below the public，Wang Yu Bao Ginseng。husband，Beautiful things also。Better to women with beautiful things，And He De is right。Wang is still unbearable，Kuer Clown? Clown preparation，Death to end。’Kanggong does not offer，One year，Wang Emi。"Beauty" refers to the good look of women's appearance，The "beauty" of the three women brings together "粲"，"Clown" refers to the "Little Man" who is not morally noble enough (Wei Zhao's "Mandarin Note")。The so -called "Wang Tian does not take group，Driving below the public，Wang Yu Boxi League "，It refers to the beasts that are hunting but not hunting in the heavens，The princes adopt a humble attitude towards others，Tianzi does not marry three women with the same surname。Mi Kanggong's mother reminds him，Nothing can bear the "beauty" of three women surnamed，How can a small person bet365 Play online games like you bear it? at last，She said: "Clown preparation，Death to end。"" Things "refers to the" beauty "of the three women surnamed in the same name，That is "husband，Beautiful things also "。Sure enough, one year later，The State of the Secret Kingdom was destroyed by King Zhou Gong。Emperor、The princes "do not take groups", "non -penetrating family", "the crowd" reflect their moral quality that they do not "obscene"，and Michiko's pursuit of and possessing the "beauty" of three women is the performance of "obscenity"。It is because of the "obscenity" of Mi Kanggong，Only leading to the death of the secret country。To say，Western Zhou Aesthetics to "Beauty" is actually a negative attitude。

American scholar Chrisping Stewell said in "Six Naming of Beauty": "The art and spirit of different ethnic groups show different levels of beauty in a very different way ...、Driven by the ability and ability，Will explore the different aspects of beauty。"For example，The beauty in Greek (to kalon) emphasizes appreciation of perfect human body，Wabi-Sabi in Japanese is a praise for the beauty of the world，, etc.。

In the same nation or the same cultural environment，There are also expression of different levels of "beauty"。The "break" proposed by Zhou people is different from the "beauty" at that time，Pointing to another dimension of "beauty" beyond the appearance。In the inscription of the Western Zhou Dynasty，There are a large number of sentences similar to "Yang ... Xiu"，It is usually a response for subordinates after receiving the superior or after receiving the register，such as "Zhengyue，Wang Zaicheng Zhou，WangYuchu. bet365 Play online games Let the little minister save Chu first. Wang Zhimou，No condemnation，Xiaochen 夌，Give Ma Two。夌 夌，To Yang Wangxiu，Used as Ji Bao Zun Yi "(" Xiaochen Ding Ding ");" Only Ten and February Ding Chou，寓，Gift Mansi，To Yang Wang Xiu Hui，Used as Father Renbao Zun Ding "(" Ding Ding ")。"Poetry · Da Ya · Jiang Han" said: "Tiger worship the head，To Yang Wangxiu。"Zheng Xuan's" Jian "said:" Right，Answer。"Kong Yingda" Shu "said:" Talk to the tiger worship the head，Then it is called the beauty of the king of the king。"" Yang ... Resort "in the inscription is the response and appeal to the noble quality (" rest ") of the gifted or the registered person。"Poetry · 豳 · · 斧" said: "Zhou Gong Dong Zheng，Four Kingdoms are 遒。Sorrow me，Yi Kong Zhiwu。He pity the people，Make the Si Kingdom Stable，He pity the people，With the quality of "rest"。Mao Heng's "Chuan" said: "Resort，Meiye。"Guangyun · You Yun" said: "，Meiye，Good。”

Visible，"Resort" as a beauty，Not a good look of human appearance，Instead of inner moral cultivation，It is a kind of "good beauty" and "virtue"，In the words of modern scholar Xiao Gongxuan, it is，"Beauty" is a person's "external beauty"，"Rest" is "internal beauty" ("Aesthetics (Four Continuration) · Aesthetic Aesthetic and its status")。

Brief words，In the cultural atmosphere of "virtue"，The aesthetics of the Western Zhou Dynasty has the tendency and characteristics of "beauty" to "break"，"Good Beauty" and "Demei"，and keep vigilant at "Beauty" at all times，Western Zhou Aesthetics Promoting Beauty、Confucian aesthetics of Meishan bet365 best casino games Xiangyin has a huge impact，and become the champion of the spirit of Chinese aesthetics。

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(The author is a professor at the School of Media and Art, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications)