In the history of modern Western poetry，Elliot’s status is respected，Auden is considered the most important British poet of the 20th century after Eliot，The 1930s is even called the "Auden Era"。At that time，The international situation is turbulent，bet365 ohio promo code early poetry works faced social reality，The clear political stance and ideological observation have won it a large number of readers。In the preface to Auden's Selected Poems: 1948-1973，Edward Mendelssohn, trustee of Auden's literary estate, claimed: "For all the learning and superb poetic skills he displayed，He is perhaps the greatest English poet of equality and love。”bet365 ohio promo code early poetry focused on political topics，Objectively caters to the psychological needs of the public in the era；Perhaps because of this，He was called "the greatest mind of the 20th century" by Brodsky，Called by Heaney as "a poet who created an era on public themes"。Auden has been dead for more than 50 years，Today, half a century later，The situation remains tense in many parts of the world，Revisit bet365 ohio promo code ethical thinking on public topics such as war and peace now，has important practical significance。

　bet365 ohio promo code wartime experience

The 1930s was a critical period for bet365 ohio promo code creation: Europe was relatively calm in the past few years，He has won wide acclaim for his high-quality works，And gradually became the leader of the left wing in the British literary world。Auden is unlike Eliot and contemporary literary theorist Richard Richards、Leavis relies heavily on formalist aesthetics；Facing the impending international situation at that time，He uses the perspective of socialist realism，Hope to intervene in society through literature、Response to social crisis。Entering the late 1930s，The situation in Europe is critical，Driven by a sense of social responsibility，Auden followed the literary concepts of British writers and critics such as Shelley and Matthew Arnold，Let literature reflect social reality、The function of promoting good and punishing evil。He even imitated the British romantic poet Byron who went to Europe to participate in the Greek nationalist revolution，Go to the war front，Fight against fascist forces。1937，Oden went to Spain with the Spanish Medical Aid Committee，But failed to drive an ambulance，Instead, it was arranged to serve as a propaganda machine，So he returned to England soon，However, this experience contributed to his writing of the long war poem "Spain 1937"。This summer，Auden and writer Christopher Isherwood were invited by the publisher to write a travel book about the East，Customized location；The Marco Polo Bridge Incident in July of the same year，Japanese imperialism launched a full-scale war of aggression against China，The mysterious ancient Eastern country in the minds of the West immediately became their best choice destination。Auden and Ashwood arrived in China in January 1938，And transformed from the original travel miscellaneous writer into a war correspondent。Because there were very few Western journalists in China at that time，The voices of two amateur journalists have become precious。They interviewed Zhou Enlai and others，And went to the front line of the war，Feel the determination and courage of the Chinese military and civilians to resist the war from close distance。Auden used his observations in China as his subject matter，Created the sonnet "In Time of War"，And co-wrote the battlefield diary "Journey to a War" (Journey to a War) with Ishwood。

　　Ethical concerns of bet365 ohio promo code poetry

January 1939，bet365 ohio promo code, who has become the soul of British "left-wing poetry", arrives in New York，Settled in the United States，Certified as an American citizen and reconverted to Christianity。His untimely behavior on the eve of the war caused great shock，In times of crisis，Society expects him as it did in the Spanish Civil War，Use the pen as an army，Inspiring people’s morale，Working together to deal with the difficulties facing the UK and Europe。His departure was seen as betrayal、Cowardly act，British poet Larkin criticized bet365 ohio promo code for no longer paying attention to political and social topics，Instead of indulging in one's own selfishness，American poet Jarrell also accused him of not advancing but retreating。One time，British and American critics no longer want to see bet365 ohio promo code，He is suspended，Become a "super-national poet"。His creative success in the UK was rooted in the soil、Reflecting the mentality and emotions of the people of the island country，Creations created during the American period were considered superficial，Failed to penetrate into the American fabric。Of course，After returning to normality, critics and readers slowly accepted bet365 ohio promo code's transformation，And artistically affirmed his creations during the American period。

Compared with the social concern and involvement in real politics shown in the previous period，bet365 ohio promo code creations underwent some changes after he went to the United States in 1939，He began to emphasize the theory of "art is useless"，To refute the influence of “socialist realism”。This does not mean that he has abandoned his previous social criticism stance，It is a natural choice after he calmly examined his early literary and artistic concepts，He still believes in the ethics and moral considerations of literature and art，But no longer insists on the supremacy of politics and ideology。After Yeats’s death in 1939，Auden composed the famous mourning poem "In Memory of Yeats"，The widely praised famous line in the poem "poetry makes nothing happen" reveals the poet's helplessness in the face of the rise of fascism and the era of political betrayal，And uneasiness and despair about the future historical process。Auden used the theory of "art is useless"，Defended the independence of art，This is the stance of returning to the essence of art，No longer blindly emphasize the social criticism and transformation functions of art。Although he is no longer keen on serving social reality and political change through poetry，But bet365 ohio promo code writings, as always, reflect social responsibility，Have strong moral and ethical power，This is an effective way for Auden to follow Eliot and other writers to save modern people’s spiritual life and moral dilemma。

1940，Europe has entered the most serious conflict in modern times，bet365 ohio promo code, who had moved to the United States for a year, wrote a philosophical poem "New Year's Letter" with more than a thousand lines。The poem is huge，Concerning human nature and history、Art、Themes such as civilization and violence，Including ethics and morals。The poem ends with: “Ah, every night and in labor/we live and die with our neighbors，/Love once again illuminates/the city and the lion’s den，/The greatest anger in the world，Young people’s travel。"These lines of poetry convey the poet's concern for worldly affairs，Revealing the concept of community，Like the famous verse of a prayer by the 17th-century British poet Dunn: "No man is an island/enough to be self-sufficient；/Everyone is a piece of the continent，/is part of the whole。"bet365 ohio promo code tried to present the universal love and hatred in the world，Every person in the poem is a fragment of the world continent，Everyone shares this sentiment，I agree with you。bet365 ohio promo code, who has just left the Chinese battlefield for a year，While writing this long poem，Perhaps the scenes he had seen in the far east flashed through his mind。

bet365 ohio promo code poetry creation in the 1930s and 1940s focused on human welfare，Response to public events，Suppress evil and promote good，Care about the fate of the human community；Facing the low moral standards of Western society、The evils of international fascism、The injustice of aggressive war, etc.，Express the suffering of the invaded nation、The Dilemma of International Refugees。His creations during this period demonstrate his profound humanistic care，The in-depth interaction between its ethical themes and language art inspires huge artistic appeal。On the observation of political and historical events，Auden fulfilled the expectations of British writers and theorists such as Shelley and Arnold regarding literary reflection and intervention in society。His famous poem "Spain 1937" has traces of communist ideology，Regarded as a wartime propaganda work against Spanish fascism，He portrayed military conflict as a critical choice between turning back history and seeking justice；"At Wartime", which takes China's Anti-Japanese War as its theme, is not limited to the description of China's war，Shows the suffering of human beings facing war、Helpless、Confused。Auden condemned killing through these famous poems，Questioning the rationality of war，Expressing deep reflections on war and human civilization，Demonstrates a clear humanitarian stance。

　　bet365 ohio promo code translation and research in China

Oden has been in China for nearly 5 months，As a war correspondent, he created "In Wartime" which showed the resistance of Chinese military and civilians against Japan，brought inspiration to Chinese poets in modernist literature and war descriptions。Oden’s old friend、The British poet Yan Bu Sun was teaching at the Southwest Associated University，His "Autumn of Nanyue" also expresses his views on literature and politics、Thinking about the relationship between war；He introduced Eliot, the master of Western modernist poetry to his students、bet365 ohio promo code, Rilke and others。Poet Bian Zhilin also strongly promoted bet365 ohio promo code's works in class。In the 1940s, there was a strong "Oden style" in the Chinese poetry circle；Mu Dan、Zheng Min、Du Yunxie、Yuan Kejia and other Southwest Associated University poets (represented by the "Nine-leaf Poetry School") were affected by this，Snurturing British Romantic Poetry，Favor Eliot and bet365 ohio promo code complex、Hazy and harmonious poetry，Grown into one of the earliest modernist poets in China。

Auden has naturally become a hot spot in domestic and foreign literary research。From the late 1930s when he came to China to the present，Auden research has never been interrupted。bet365 ohio promo code relationship with the Chinese literary world is a major research topic，For example Mu Dan、How Du Yunxie and other poets were influenced by Auden，Writing works in the modernist style was an important topic in Auden research in the past。In recent years，Cai Haiyan、Wu Zeqing、Shao Chaoyang、Huang Ying and other young scholars have pushed Auden research to a new level，Some well-known scholars such as Zhang Jian、Cai Tianxin also launched significant research results。Looking at the research on Auden by domestic scholars over the years，Combining his creative themes and styles for in-depth investigation，Especially based on knowledge、情、meaning，There are not many people who approach it from the perspective of ethics and morality，Tang Yi's "Ethical Consciousness in Auden's Poetry (1935-1940): A Study of Theme and Style" (forthcoming by FLTRP) is an exception。The author focuses on bet365 ohio promo code poetry from 1935 to 1940，Including "Chinese Sonnets", "In Memory of Yeats", "September 1, 1939", "Art Museum" and many other representative works，Examine the poetry theme and artistic expression as an organic whole，Focus on the ethical consciousness and stylistic style of bet365 ohio promo code poetry in the past six years，And try to start from this，Perspective on the theme expression and artistic achievements of his poems。At the same time，The author also uses traditional Chinese literary theory concepts to conduct research on Auden，For example, Liu Xie's "The Theory of Character and Bones" in "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons" etc.。The reason why Auden was highly praised by many young talents in China in the 1930s，Perhaps it is because his poetry creation “smoothly” fits Chinese literary theory，This corresponds to Mr. Qian Zhongshu’s “East China Sea and West Sea”，Psychologically identical；Learn from the South and North，The famous assertion that Taoism is not broken。

　(The bet365 ohio promo code is a professor at the School of Foreign Languages, Guangxi University for Nationalities)