In the history of modern western poetry，Illut's status respect，Oden is considered to be the most important poet in the 20th century after Eliot，In the 1930s, it was called the "Oden era"。At that time，International situation is turbulent，Oden's early poetry works face social reality，A distinctive political position and ideological view to win a lot of readers。In the preface written for "Selection of Oden Poetry: 1948-1973"，The trustee of Oden Literature Heritage Edward Mendelson, "，He may be the greatest English poet who expresss equality and love。"" Oden Poetry Early Political Topics，objectively caters to the psychological needs of the public in the time of the era; perhaps because of this，He was called "the greatest mind of the 20th century" by Brozki，It is referred to as "Poet who created the era on the public theme" by Henney。Oden has died for more than 50 years，Today in half a century later，The situation in many places in the world is still tight，Ethical thinking on public topics on war and peace on war and peace now，It has important practical significance。

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The 1930s was a critical period for Oden creation: Europe was relatively calm in previous years，He has won wide praise with high -quality works，And gradually there is a phase of the British literary left -wing league leader。Oden does not look like Eliot and contemporary literary theorist Li Qici、Levis relied on formalist aesthetics; facing the international situation of mountain rain at the time，His perspective from socialist realism，I hope to intervene in society with literature、Response social crisis。Enter the late 1930s，European situation is dangerous，Driven by Bet365 lotto review the sense of social responsibility，The literary concepts of British writers and critics such as Oden Series Sherry and Matthew Arnold，Give full play to literature to reflect social reality、Function of Yangshan and punishing evil。He even imitates British romantic poet Byron, a British romantic poet in Europe to participate in the Greek nationalist revolution，Running to the front line of the war，Fighting with fascist power。1937，The Spanish Medical Aid Committee is in Spain，But I failed to drive an ambulance，but being arranged as a propaganda machine，So he returned to the UK soon，However, this experience has contributed to his long -story war poem "Spain 1937"。This summer，Oden and writer Christopher Isherwood invited by the publishing house to write a travel book about the East，Delivery; July of the same year Lulou Bridge Incident，Japanese imperialism launched a comprehensive war of aggression against China，The mysterious oriental ancient country in the West's mind immediately became the destination of their best choice。Oden and Yi Xiuwu arrived in China in January 1938，and from the original plan of the travel miscellaneous author to become a reporter in the battlefield。Because there were very few reporters in China at that time in the West，The voice of two amateur journalists becomes precious。They interviewed Zhou Enlai and others，and go to the front line of the war，Determination and courage to feel the heroine of the Chinese military and civilians in zero distance。Oden with observation in China as the theme，Created the 14 -line poem "In Time of War"，and together with Yi Xiuwu De, wrote the Battlefield Notes "Journey to A WAR)。

　　The ethical care of Oden Poetry

January 1939，Oden, the soul of the British "Left Wing Poetry", arrived in New York，Later settled in the United States，Join the United States and re -convert to Christianity。bet365 live casino games On the eve of the war, his unexpected move caused a huge shock，At the time of the situation of the situation，The society looks forward to him as in the Spanish civil war，Taking pen as Rong，A morale of the public，Jointly respond to the dilemma faced by the United Kingdom and Europe。His running is considered betrayal、Cowardly move，British poet Rakin criticizes Oden no longer paying attention to political and social topics，but addicted to my own private，American poet Jorel also accused him of not going back and refusing。One time，British and American criticisms no longer wait to see Oden，He was suspended，Become "Super-NATIONAL POET)。His creation in the British period is to plant the soil、Reflecting the mentality and emotions of the people of the island country，Creation in the United States is considered to be on the surface，Failure to go deep into the United States' texture。Of course，The criticism of criticism and readers after returning to the normal state slowly accepted Oden's transformation，and affirmed the creation of his American period from art。

Compared with the social care and intervention of real politics compared to the previous period，Oden's creation has changed after going to the United States in 1939，He began to emphasize "art useless" theory，This refutes the influence of "socialist realism"。This does not mean that he has given up his previous social criticism position，but his natural choice after calmly reviewing his early literary concepts，He still believes in the ethics and moral views of literature and art，But no longer insist on political and ideological first。After the death of Ye Zhi in 1939，Oden created the famous mourning poem "Memorial Ye Zhi"，The famous sentence "Poetry Makes Nothing Happen" in the poem reveals the helplessness of the poet's helplessness in the face of the rise bet365 Play online games of fascism and the era of political betrayal，and the anxiety and despair of the future historical process。Oden by "art useless" theory，Defending the independence of art，This is the position that adheres to the return of the art ontology，No longer blindly emphasizes the social criticism and reconstruction function of art。Although he is no longer keen to serve social reality and political change through verses，But Oden's text, as always, reflects social responsibility，With strong morality and ethics，This is an effective way to save writers such as Oden to save modern people's spiritual life and moral dilemma。

1940，The worst conflict since Europe entered modern times，Oden created more than a thousand lines of philosophical poem "New Year's Letter" for a year of Aden, which has been moved to the United States for a year。The amount of poetry is huge，Off -human nature and history、Art、Civilization and violence topics，Including ethics and morals。At the end of this poem, I wrote: "Ah every day at night with our life and death with neighbors，/Love once again illuminates/cities and lion points，The greatest anger in the world，Travel of young people。"These lines of poems convey the attention of poets' attention to the world，revealing the concept of the community，Like a famous poem of a prayer word from the 17th -century poet Deng En: "No one is an islands/enough to be at all;/Everyone is a piece of the mainland，/Is a part of the whole。"Oden attempts to present the common love and hatred in the world，Everyone in the poem is a piece of fragments on the world of the world，People are the same heart，The same reason for the heart。Oden, who has just left the Chinese battlefield for a year，When writing this long poem，It may flashes the scene of the scene he has seen in the distant Oriental。

Oden's poetry creation in the 1930s and 1940s pays attention to human bet365 Play online games well -being，Responsible for public events，Evil and Yangshan，Care about the fate of the human community; facing the morality of Western society、Crime of Fascist、Non -righteousness of the war of aggression，The suffering of the people's invaded nation、Dilemma of international refugees。The creation of his period shows deep humanistic care，The in -depth interaction of its ethical themes and language art stimulates huge artistic appeal。On the observation of politics and historical events，Oden realized the expectations of British writers and theorists such as Shellle and Arnold's intervention in the society。The in -depth interaction of its ethical themes and language art stimulates huge artistic appeal，Wars propaganda work that is regarded as a war -fighting fascist forces against Spain，He depicts military conflict as a major choice between historic reversing and seeking justice; "In the War" with the theme of the Chinese Anti -Japanese War is not limited to the description of the Chinese war，shows the suffering of humans in the face of war、Helpless、Confused。Oden condemned the killing through these famous articles，Questions about the rationality of the war，Expressing the pain and reflection of war and human civilization，shows a distinctive humanitarian position。

　　Oden translation, research in China

Oden Lai China for nearly 5 months，Creation as a reporter in the battlefield shows the anti -Japanese "War in War"，Enlightenment of Chinese poets brought in modernist literature and warfare。Oden's old friend、British poet Yan Buyi at the time at the Southwest Alliance Teaching，His "Autumn of Nanyue" also shows about literature and politics、4504_4532、Oden, Rilk and others。Poet Bian Zhilin also vigorously promotes Oden's work。The Chinese poetry circle in the 1940s has a strong "Oden Wind"; Mu Dan、Zheng Min、Du Yunzheng、bet365 Play online games Yuan Kejia and other poets in the Southwest United Nations (represented by the "Jiuye Poetry") were affected by this，Leave British Romantic Poetry，Favorite Eliot and Oden、The hazy and coordinated poetry，Growing into an earlier group of modernist poets in China。

Oden Li took it for granted a hot spot for domestic and foreign literary research。From the end of the 1930s he came to China until now，Oden Research has never interrupted。The relationship between Oden and the Chinese literature community is a major research theme，For example, Mu Dan、How did poets and other poets affected by Oden，Works of writing modernist style are important topics in previous Oden research。In recent years，Cai Haiyan、Wu Zeqing、Shao Chaoyang、Huang Ying and other young scholars pushed Oden research to a new height，Some well -known scholars such as Zhang Jian、Cai Tianxin has also launched a weight research result。Looking at the Oden research by domestic scholars for many years，Combining its creative theme with style，Especially based on Zhizhi、Love、Italia，It is rare to enter from the perspective of ethics and morality，Tang Yi's "Oden Poetry (1935-1940) Ethical Consciousness: Research on theme and Style" (Foreign Research Institute is about to publish)。The author revolves around Oden's poetic creation between 1935 and 1940，Including "Fourteen Poems in China", "Memorial Ye Zhi", "September 1, 1939", "Art Museum" and many other representative works，See the theme and artistic performance of poetry as an organic overall review，Focus on the ethical consciousness and style of ethics and style of Oden poetry in these six years，and try to start from this，Performance of the theme performance and artistic achievements of its poems。At the same time，The author also called the concept of traditional Chinese literary theory to start Oden research，Bet365 lotto review such as Liu Ye's "The Wells of the Dragon" "The Wind Talking" and other。and the reason why Oden won many young talents in China in the 1930s，Perhaps it is precisely because of its poetic creation "silky" in line with Chinese literary theory thinking，This is the should be Mr. Qian Yanshu's "East China Sea and West Sea，Psychological Same; Nangxue North School，Taoism is not cracking "famous assertion。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Foreign Languages ​​of Guangxi University for Foreign Languages)