Since the 21st century，Various human enhancement technologies continue to move from science fiction to reality，Opens up a thrilling possibility for the future of mankind: human natural life can be modified at will at the basic structural level、Remodeling，Even human nature may be improved or even rewritten by technology，Continuously moving towards some kind of post-human future。In the opinion of some researchers，This is after the Tower of Babel，One completely dominated by humans、The “Road to Heaven” with technology as the carrier。However，About where this "road to heaven" will lead mankind，People are caught in differences。In the view of biological progressives represented by transhumanists，This path will give us the opportunity to challenge the boundaries of human possibility set by nature and tradition，Until we get out of "human childhood"。But in the eyes of bioconservatives，Radical technological revolution is threatening the very nature of human beings。The differences between the two are not just about conservative or progressive attitudes toward technology，The more fundamental dispute involves the state of human existence，Especially the mobile bet365 picture of human survival。From this perspective，Temporality is the secret premise that dominates post-human future imagination，Even deeper than the impact of technology。In view of this，We will use temporality as the incision，Compare three representative images of posthuman mobile bet365，In order to promote the discussion of "what kind of post-human future human beings will move toward"。

　　Evolutionary mobile bet365 picture

The mobile bet365 frame that governs transhumanist future imaginings is an evolutionary mobile bet365 picture，Advocates understanding the nature of human beings from the perspective of the future of biological and technological evolution。In this mobile bet365 frame，Human beings at this stage are just a fleeting link in natural evolution，Human beings now have a certain ability to drive and control natural evolution，And constantly challenging the natural limits of human beings。But，If everything can be surpassed，This seemingly wonderful upward journey then seems to lack any essence or purpose - nothing lasting or lasting，Only endless moments，Each one is the transcendence and negation of the previous one，Making things that seem good and great seem mediocre in the face of better prospects。

Transhumanists are acutely aware，Going to the universe is the inevitable end of endless life，But a certain kind of nihilism is also growing here - the price of moving towards the universe is the loss of human beings' position among beings。Martin Heidegger characterized it as the fate of mankind being homeless on the earth。Hannah Arendt gave a more concrete account of this danger、Metaphorical revelation: an astronaut trapped in a space capsule filled with instruments can only encounter himself and artifacts，without being able to encounter anything else。Transhumanists may be able to argue，The mobile bet365 dimension that plays a role is the future。For example，Astronauts must be heading towards a certain future goal，This is the home truly open to him。This future breaks any existing moment，And place true goodness and goodness at the end of mobile bet365—in true transcendence。Obviously，In the face of such a goal，Only eternal life can match it。Eternal life is also the only possibility to get rid of the phantom of nihilism once and for all。As Liu Cixin said with great expectation: "The ship of mankind is sailing downstream of the river of life，Already approaching the seaport，We are about to enter the vast sea of ​​life。”

　　Sectional mobile bet365 picture

In the view of bioconservatives such as Francis Fukuyama，The future under the evolutionary mobile bet365 picture may be a kind of myth，Because this future is essentially chosen by current human desires and will，So there is no real transcendence。Opposite，The desire for unlimited expansion of technology should be limited by the stipulations of human nature，Change the underlying mobile bet365 mechanism of human existence。A typical strategy is，Establishing invariant forms in rheological mobile bet365。For example，Fukuyama tried to appeal to the concept of "human dignity"，“Without wishing to interrupt the unity or continuity of human nature，And the rights affecting those based thereon"，But "try to preserve the full complexity、Endowments derived from evolution，Avoid self-modification"。

From the perspective of mobile bet365，Fukuyama’s concept of “human dignity” relies on a kind of stillness、Isolated mobile bet365 section，That is, a cross-sectional mobile bet365 picture。This is just as he stated: "At a certain node in the process of human evolution，Some very important fundamental jumps did occur，If it is not an ontological jump。It is because of this jump from part to whole，Ultimately forming the cornerstone of human dignity。"This argument expresses a fundamental confusion in the technological age - where is the limit of the technologicalization of human natural life？

It should be pointed out，Fukuyama’s criticism is still based on the metaphysics of presence，The essence of trying to remain unchanged despite changes。However，Nihilism is precisely the other side of field metaphysics - after "God is dead"，mobile bet365 has also lost its inner direction，What is left is just the flow of "now" without beginning or end。And Fukuyama uses “human nature” as a substitute for “God”，Think that it transcends and is immanent in every moment of human history。

　“Life and Life” mobile bet365 Picture

The above two mobile bet365 pictures do not solve our confusion，We have not exhausted all possible imaginations about the post-human future。To gain a deeper grasp of the meaning of high technology and the posthuman future it promises，We also need to look beyond Western culture - Chinese philosophy may provide another possible picture of mobile bet365。

Chinese philosophy follows a "life-and-life" mobile bet365 picture，"The sky and the earth are full and empty，Timely news”。This view of mobile bet365 excludes the direct intervention of the Creator，Promotes people to a higher position，Considering that humans are indispensable active participants in the natural process。Qian Mu summarized it as，“Natural nature is characterized by smooth movement，The humanities world is characterized by initiative”。Follow nature，It’s because Chinese thought does not emphasize the Creator，It is not believed that there is another movement that dominates this movement or gives birth to this movement；Take humanities as the initiative，Highlights the special status of human beings，“Innate but not contrary to nature，The day after tomorrow will be the day after tomorrow”。But anyway，Humanity still comes from nature，There is a limit，In the end, we will return to nature。Nature does not exclude man-made，But man cannot go beyond the limits of natural movement，And this limit is not an external constraint like a divine commandment。The profoundness of Chinese philosophical thought lies in pointing out，This limit is not any ready-made limit or clearly definable range，But the formless "middle"。Like a pendulum or circular motion，Didn’t stop at the “middle” while traveling，But it always comes back to "middle"，It seems that there is always a "middle" that controls this without beginning or end、The endless "movement"。

Although the "life-sheng" mobile bet365 picture seems close to an evolutionary mobile bet365 picture at first glance，But there are fundamental differences between the two。From the perspective of Chinese philosophy，The "movement" of the theory of evolution is just moving forward，It is a deviation from "middle"；Transhumanism advocates taking the initiative to control the direction of human evolution (the so-called from accident to choice)，It is also a deviation from "middle"。Chinese philosophy with the goal of “neutral education” should rather be middle-of-the-road，Pursue harmony in the flow of nature, people, and myself，To keep it safe，And take the original mobile bet365 composition realm as an important symbol of harmony。Zhang Xianglong calls it the “original intertwined state” of survival mobile bet365、Tiandao popular tenses，And believes that the "original truth in the way of existence" embodied in this mobile bet365 picture，Can help resist being leveled、Ready-made、The invasion of spatialized “now” mobile bet365 series，Thus preserving another possibility for the future for mankind。

From this，Chinese philosophical thought opens a third path between bioconservatism and bioprogressivism。Unlike bioconservatives who try to interrupt the flow of mobile bet365、Find one of the fixed points，Chinese philosophical thought takes the original mobile bet365-formed realm as an indicator of human nature，Advocates "knowing the few" and "knowing the subtle"，Leave more flexible space between nature and man-made，It also leaves more room for imagination for future technology；Also unlike biological progressivists who try to bring the entire flow of mobile bet365 (including the past) under the control of the will，Chinese philosophy believes that technology must be restricted by the original mobile bet365 frame，Technology’s assistance to human nature should not be customer-oriented，Erosion of the origin of meaning carried and protected by the realm formed by the original mobile bet365。From this perspective，Transhumanist technology that pursues individual immortality is immoral，Because this will lead to the flattening of survival mobile bet365、Homogenization，And fundamentally weaken and destroy the parent-child relationship and parent-child experience，Change a person’s original way of consciousness，Blocking the Source of Meaning in Life。Robert Anson Heinlein's "mobile bet365 Enough for You to Love" may be an example in its favor: the immortals except for the pursuit of novelty and physical desires，Can’t seem to find much meaning in life。Of course，Transhumanism acknowledges that individual immortality will destroy traditional life and parent-child relationships，It will also be proposed that the transcendent future may bring about life experiences and sources of meaning that are unimaginable today。The debate on this issue will continue。

The above three mobile bet365 scenarios may not exhaust all possibilities for the post-human future，But enough to remind us，It may not be technical issues that determine the fate of the technological era，But what purpose should technology serve、Obey to whose purpose。We should pursue technology to overcome life and death，Still pursuing a technology that is in harmony with the natural rhythm of human life？We should choose to go to the universe，To have an endless life，You should still choose to live on the earth，Accept certain limitations and fetters of nature，To preserve the source of meaning of human existence，Maybe there is another way？Answers to these questions，Will fundamentally determine what kind of post-human future we will move towards。

　 (mobile bet365 article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund general project "Research on the Ethical Framework and Governance of Artificial Intelligence Medical Applications" (20BZX127)

(The author is a professor at the Department of Philosophy, Xi’an Jiaotong University；Member mobile bet365 Science Fiction Literature Committee mobile bet365 Chinese Writers Association、Science fiction writer)