Those who have always achieved great success in scholarship，Everyone has the spirit of flexibility。Stick to a corner，Although we can be a family，But it is difficult to leave a strong mark in academic history。Masters of modern history，There are many theories of "three changes" in learning。Three changes in Wang Guowei’s political science，Originated in Western philosophy，Later transferred to Chinese literature，Transfer to Chinese history。Three Changes in Chen Yuan’s Scholarship，Beginning with the origins of Qian Daxin’s examination of mirrors，Later devoted himself to Gu Yanwu’s practical knowledge of the world，During the period of all-out anti-Japanese war, Quan Zu hoped to serve the country and rectify his studies。Three changes in Chen Yinke’s academic studies，The first is the "articles of special clans"，History beyond the Great Wall”，The second is "The history of national culture since the Middle Ages"，The last one is "Heart History"。Every change in the bet365 bonus code 2023 direction and academic style of these senior scholars，All are characteristics of the times、The result of the combined effect of personal circumstances and academic atmosphere，It is also a pioneering move in the academic atmosphere。

In modern and contemporary academic bet365 bonus code 2023，It seems that "specialization" in a specific field has become the norm，The qualities of “knowledge” and “flexibility” are often ignored by people。For individual scholars，Reach considerable height and depth in a specific field，It’s quite difficult。In the current context where academic bet365 bonus code 2023 has become highly specialized and segmented，If you want to be like Wang Guowei、Chen Yuan、Chen Yinke and other teachers did the "three changes" to learn、Repeatedly popular，It is a long and difficult road for a scholar。Chao Fulin, a professor at the School of History at Beijing Normal University in his decades of academic career，Imitate the predecessors，Continuous self-reflection、Self-breakthrough and self-transcendence，Shows the process by which ancient history researchers continue to expand their humanistic concerns behind academics。

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bet365 bonus code 2023 on Pre-Qin History，From the nature of historical data，It is often divided into mainly handed down documents and mainly unearthed materials，Chao Fulin’s historical material bet365 bonus code 2023 is both in these two aspects。

Late 1970s，Chao Fulin followed Mr. Zhao Guangxian to conduct bet365 bonus code 2023 on the social structure and rural Sui system of the Zhou Dynasty。The result "The Social Structure of the Zhou Dynasty and the Theory of the Xiangsui System" mainly relies on handed down documents，Later published in "Chinese Doctoral and Master's Library of Humanities and Social Sciences"。After this article is completed，He did not stay in this field，But quickly expand your horizons，Turn to discussion of unearthed materials。Early 1980s，"Collection of Oracle Bones" and "Xiaotunnandi Oracle Bones" are published one after another，Chao Fulin turns his main direction to Oracle。He has written many papers on oracle bone science，The article "Looking at the Jizhou Clan's Country Name and Related Issues from Oracle Bone Inscriptions" is a representative work of this period。

Chao Fulin’s early textual bet365 bonus code 2023 articles reflect the following three characteristics: First，Based on literature review。For example, "Notes on Reading the Rites of Zhou", "An Explanation of Difficult Sentences in "Ode to Shang"", "New Interpretation of "Jun Fa Er Private"" and other articles are exegesis and clarification of words and sentences in ancient documents。Second，Taking historical bet365 bonus code 2023 as the main direction，Disputed、Distinguish and sort out unclear historical events。Such as "An Examination of the Battle of Chuisha", "An Examination of the Five Kingdoms' Attack on Qin and the Battle of Xiuyu", etc.，Cleaning clues from the complicated and scattered records，The causes of these two important battles during the Warring States Period、The process and results were analyzed，And analyze its historical significance。Third，Follow and study oracle bones、Bronze Inscription Material，But it can jump out of the material itself，bet365 bonus code 2023 elevated to major historical issues。For example, the article "The Names of Shang Kings and the Royal Power of the Shang Dynasty in the Yin Ruins Inscriptions"，Start with the specific examination of the name of the Shang King in the oracles，The issue of royal power in the Shang Dynasty。Another example is the article "Bo Hefu's Weapons and the Administration of the Republic"，Start with several bronze inscriptions related to Uncle and Father，Evidence piece by piece，After clarifying the meaning of the inscription，The purpose is to explore the major historical issue of "Republican Administration"。This kind of bet365 bonus code 2023 avoids the "fragmentation" of bet365 bonus code 2023 caused by cumbersome bet365 bonus code 2023，It also avoids the risk of "using theory to convey history"，It is a balanced approach that takes into account the macro and micro aspects。

bet365 bonus code 2023 is the foundation of Chao Fulin’s academic bet365 bonus code 2023，More than 40 years of bet365 bonus code 2023 results，Basically included in the two collections of essays published in recent years, "A Collection of Historical Studies of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods" and "A Collection of Historical Studies of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties"。

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The Pre-Qin Dynasty is the longest epoch in the study of ancient Chinese history，How to comprehensively grasp the general trend of its historical evolution，Interpretation of the different development stages of pre-Qin social culture，This is a question that must be answered but is difficult to answer for researchers of pre-Qin history in the new era。Therefore，At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s，Chao Fulin’s microscopic view from before、Specific、Confirmatory bet365 bonus code 2023，Turn to the macro perspective、Long term、Theoretical bet365 bonus code 2023。

At this stage，The most notable features of Chao Fulin’s academic achievements，It produced a series of "macro theories"。For example, three "sister chapters" of "On the Divine Power of the Yin Dynasty", "On the Power of the Ministers of the Zhou Dynasty", and "On the Power of the Prime Minister in the Warring States Period"，Discussed the changes of political power in the pre-Qin period；Also such as "On the Eastward Movement of King Ping", "On the Overlords of the Spring and Autumn Period" and other articles，Discussed the political and social changes in the past two weeks and the basic political pattern of the Spring and Autumn Period。Behind these papers，This is Chao Fulin’s more than 10 years of in-depth bet365 bonus code 2023 on the important historical topic of "Pre-Qin Social Form"。

"The periodization of ancient history" is the most far-reaching historical discussion topic since the founding of the People's Republic of China，The core of this issue is the dividing line between slavery society and feudal society in ancient China，The best historians of the time basically participated in the discussion，But no generally accepted conclusion has been drawn。Entering a new era，In the field of bet365 bonus code 2023 on pre-Qin social forms, the "slave-free theory" emerged that claimed that ancient China did not go through a typical slavery society。The rise of “non-slavery theory” to its widespread acceptance by academic circles，Chao Fulin played an important role。He published the monographs "Social Changes in Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties" and "bet365 bonus code 2023 on Pre-Qin Social Forms"，Proposed three stages of "clan feudalism", "patriarchal feudalism" and "landlord feudalism"，It is a new development of the social form theory of Marxist history，It is a study of social forms with Chinese characteristics，It also brings a more satisfactory end to the decades-long discussion on "the periodization of ancient history"。

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After entering the 21st century，Chao Fulin pays more attention to the formation of ideas in the early stages of Chinese civilization、Development、Changes and the causes and impacts behind them。The driving force behind this transformation，The discovery and publication of bamboo slips and silk documents bet365 bonus code 2023 Warring States Period。

From "Guodian Slips" to "Shangbo Slips"，Back to "Tsinghua Slips"，20 years，The hot spots and flashpoints in the study of pre-Qin history are concentrated in the field of unearthed documents。As Chen Yinke said，"Academics of an Era，There must be new materials and new questions”。When new materials are already available，Chao Fulin raised "new issues" in the study of pre-Qin history，Entering a new field of intellectual history bet365 bonus code 2023。

In fact，Chao Fulin has been paying attention to the ideas of the pre-Qin period for a long time，His papers published in the 1990s are "The Concept of Ghosts and Gods and Their Social Impact in the Spring and Autumn Period" and "The Concept of Ghosts and Gods and Their Social Impact in the Warring States Period"，is a classic study on this issue。Many scholars are influenced by it，Do further bet365 bonus code 2023 on this basis。Discovery and publication of bamboo slips and silk documents of the Warring States Period，Making Chao Fulin turn his vision to the philosophers and social thought，Contributed to its new breakthrough in the history of thought。

In terms of the thoughts of various scholars，Chao Fulin's most important work should be "Study on Shangbo Slips "Poetic Theory""。Since the publication of "Shangbo Slips" and "Confucius' Poetry Theory"，Chao Fulin began to study this document，Until the book is published，It took more than ten years，It takes ten years to sharpen a sword。More than 1100 pages in the book，Divided into top、中、Part 3，Part 1 "Explicit Evidence"，Brief text on dredging "Poetic Theory"；Part 2 "Comprehensive bet365 bonus code 2023"，Discuss some important issues in the study of Poetry；Part 2 "Special bet365 bonus code 2023"，Has a lot of insights into the historical issues involved in "The Theory of Poetry" and the thoughts of Confucius。For example, Chao Fulin discussed Confucius' emphasis on the relationship between "Poetry" and human nature，And expanded on Confucius’ view of destiny、Language View、Discussion on issues such as the concept of love，Very innovative。Some scholars pointed out，The book "bet365 bonus code 2023 on Shangbo Slips "On Poetry"" is "from the study of "On Poetry" to the study of "Poetry"，Comprehensive integration of human nature、A profound understanding and criticism of human feelings”，It is true。

If the study of Zhuzi’s thoughts focuses on important nodes in the history of pre-Qin thought，Then the history of ideas is a flowing picture，The background of this scroll，It is the "social thought" generally recognized by the public in the pre-Qin period。Chao Fulin has published two monographs: "bet365 bonus code 2023 on Pre-Qin Social Thought" and "Destiny and Yilun: Exploration on Pre-Qin Social Thought"，This is a reasonable transformation from his earlier bet365 bonus code 2023 on pre-Qin social forms，It is also a response and attempt to combine the bet365 bonus code 2023 on intellectual history and social history that Hou Wailu called for as early as the 1950s，It is also the inheritance and development of the new path of intellectual history bet365 bonus code 2023 opened by Ge Zhaoguang。Therefore，Chao Fulin did not oppose social thought to elite thought，But focus on the communication between the two、Interaction。Have continuous rich background，There are some outstanding points，Chao Fulin’s bet365 bonus code 2023 on the history of pre-Qin thought constitutes a long and vivid picture。

Engaging in academic bet365 bonus code 2023 is like climbing a mountain without a top，On the towering peak of pre-Qin history，Chao Fulin has been climbing tirelessly for decades。To go further、Climb higher、Closer to the truth，With great courage and superhuman diligence，Continuously adjust and change your bet365 bonus code 2023 direction and academic style。Now，Already in his eighties, he is still working on the front line of bet365 bonus code 2023 and teaching，New academic results are constantly emerging，This is the "four changes" of learning，Perhaps in the making。We look forward to Chao Fulin once again bringing new bet365 bonus code 2023 paradigms and academic systems to the academic community。

(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 bonus code 2023, Beijing Normal University)