In recent years, articles about historical materials and ideological interpretations of old textbooks are not uncommon。Old textbooks contain rich historical information，Is governing literature、The orientation of the historian must pay attention to。But searching article discovery，Study the old textbook and only see the old textbook，Professor's book is rare。Of course there is a close relationship with the circulation and preservation，Generally speaking，Textbooks are more common，Professor's book is hard to find，Now about the end of the Qing Dynasty、The relevant materials of the Chinese Culture and Education Sciences of the Republic of China are in Beijing、Shanghai is more common，Although there are retention elsewhere，But there are some difficulties in obtaining historical materials in general，Therefore, it is not easy to judge。

The so -called professor's book，That is the teaching reference book of Zhou Zhi today。Old textbooks in that period of today's reading，If you refer to the professor's book，There must be different clues to discover。I accidentally discovered a book of professors in the ancient book of ancient books in Changshu City Library，The full name is "Professor of Primary School Chinese Professor Book" (first volume)，The first page of the book is "The first time the Ministry of Studies compiled the primary primary primary school Chinese professor of Chinese language, the book of the book bureau of the Department of Book Office in November 32"。The background copyright page stated "" Published on November 32 of Guangxu in November 32 Publishing Price Silver dollar corner three -point compilation and printed department compilation book bureau bet365 best casino games compilation book bureau。This book of professors is published with "Elementary Primary Primary School Chinese Literature and Education Sciences" (first volume)，The first page of this textbook is written with the word "The first time the department compiled the primary primary school textbook Guangxu 33rd, the Summer June June Book Book Office"，The background copyright page of the bottom of the blockwriting is "November 32rd in Guangxu Printing Guangxu 32rd Publishing in November 33rd Publishing Guangxu 33rd in June of the 33rd Publishing of Guangxu. Compilation of the Book Bureau of the Department of Studies，Guangxu thirty -two years is 1906。Primary Primary School shall be 5 years according to 1903 "Playing School Articles of Association · Primary Elementary School Articles of Association"，Children at 7 years old，A total of eight subjects learned，Term as a self -cultivation、Reading the Bible and Scripture、Chinese text、Arithmetic、History、Geography、grid、Gymnastics。The Ministry of Studies here is an institution established by the Qing government in 1905。1906，The Department of Studies began to plan the relevant matters of the compilation of textbooks，So I have this textbook，After the second volume is issued afterwards，But because of bad reputation and the death of the Qing Dynasty，No following。According to previous research research，This set of textbooks is the first set of national textbooks in my country，It is also the only set of textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty。The Chinese textbooks before that were compiled by the people。

"Elementary Primary Elementary School Chinese Cultural Education Sciences" (first volume) a total of 80 lessons，Requires four lessons every week，Except for holiday，Professor 20 weeks。Edit All examples stated that "the textbook period of selection materials is in the extent of children's psychological development，Its moral education takes family ethics and school bet365 live casino games rules as a vital practice，Its intellectual education takes daily utensils and natural animals and plants to make experiments at any time，Its sports will slightly say that game soldiers and other things can be used to vibrate their spirit of martial arts "。Speaking from the term，Textbooks take more oral language，The effect of "consistency" with "consensus"。That is to say，Editors of the editor, try to instill ideological consciousness under the premise of conforming to children's psychology、Lecture to read literary reading essay。As far as the author's reading materials are concerned，Words Dabana，Clear ink，Fresh and fresh，Smooth feeling。How to respond to the textbook After all, you still need to see the specific usage and timely criticism to know。What is the effect at that time，Today people rarely see specific text feedback，But from the time of criticism and the professor of the department, you can see some clues。

Huang Shoufu has severely criticized the textbooks in the article "Textbook criticism"，It is mainly divided into eight aspects: the textbooks are more inconsistent with children's psychology; more words and sentences are not arguing; Contact; the seasonal Qi Festival is not corresponding; plagiarism nearly out of each book is involved in the editor of the private family。Huang Shoufu above criticize the core is the psychology of children with no children，For example, textbook 78th，Choose the ancient poem "Jiangnan Cai Lian，Lotus Leaf He Tiantian，Fish played lotus leaves。Fish Play Lotus Leaf East，Fish Play Lotus Leaf West。fish drama lotus leaves，Fish Play Lotus Leaf North "，Huang Shoufu believes "Teachers are not commonly used，Why should you take the lesson for children "。Actually, according to the provisions of the "Playing School Articles of Association · Primary Elementary School Articles of Association"，Primary school should imitate foreign primary and secondary schools to sing music，Poetry of Songs as the bet365 live casino games recipe，Ancient ballads and ancient songs and ancient quatrains educate students，"Only read three or four words，Sentences must not be long，Each word is particularly not much，Make it chanting when I am leisurely，To raise its temperament，and Shuqiqi qi，But the poem is not available "。Therefore，This song "Jiangnan Cai Cai Lotus" is not like Huang Shoufu's criticism for being too deep，Improper use。In other words，Huang Shoufu criticizes that children's psychology really makes sense，But the case really didn't find the right。Other criticisms are also severe suspicion，For example, the third point picture is bad，Figure does not match the text，Huang Shoufu wrote in the article: "Lesson 60‘ Cowp Sheep Come ”。In the picture, a shepherd boy rides a cow to play flute，Beast next to it，Like sheep non -sheep，Like camel non -camel，I don’t know what it is also。"The original text of the 60th lesson is" The sunset is blowing the pistachius when the shepherd is down the cow's back "。The author quotes Huang Shoufu’s article，Because the original source of the article is not found at present，Quoted from Li Xingbao, Sichuan Education Press in 1997、Gu Huangchu "" History of Modern Chinese Education "，Not sure whether the "cattle and sheep down" quoted by Huang Shoufu is wrong or quoted or wrong。The right illustrations look at it a little bit，It must not be what Huang Shoufu said "like camel non -camel"，It's not a beast，False concern，It's just that the sheep paint is not realistic，For seven -year -old children。For seven -year -old children，will not cause a lot of misunderstandings。and look at the criticism article，Huang Shoufu's textbook should be the first edition，Because Huang criticized Lesson 56, "Take water fried tea，Take firewood and cook rice "，In the second version of the textbook I saw, Huang Shoufu said, "Take water and fried bet365 live casino games tea，Take rice to cook rice "。

Huang Shoufu's criticism and the criticism of other newspapers to this set of textbooks should bring a lot of pressure，Otherwise, I won't correct the previous error，At the same time, the criticism of Huang Shoufu must not pay attention to。Very obvious，folk writing textbooks first，and more experience，More importantly, the textbook can bring considerable profits，This is a full five -sided textbook advertisement from the Shanghai Business Press "Latest Chinese Cultural Education Science Book".。At this time, a department editor textbook，Its purpose is obviously unified nationwide，Set in one，At the same time, it is also in response to the meaning of the first small textbooks of the first small textbook for the "Playing School Articles of Association · Primary Elementary School Articles of Association"，But this will inevitably affect the preparation and use of folk textbooks。Not to mention that Huang Shoufu is an educator，Editing textbooks naturally cause him to be alert。There is such a word in his article "The Ministry of Study this time，Remembrance in the Remember，It has been called the best。But the dissatisfaction is unsatisfactory，It has eight "，The advantages are not discussed，The disadvantage is the above eight o'clock。The good and bad of this set of textbooks，I think except Huang Shoufu's criticism，The professor's book formulated from the Ministry of Studies can also be seen clearly。

After reading the "Professor of Professor Chinese Professor Professor of Elementary School" (Book 1)，The compilation is very clear，"Professor of Chinese language，One to understand the ideological reading of others is also，，Thoughts not only benefit the meaning of text，The god of understanding the article is to be widely conscious、Nourishing morality，Therefore, the composition of the reading method (with the words of the bet365 live casino games word) is the most important thing in the Chinese language professor "，Reading literacy composition is the three basic tasks。After reading this book, a professor book，If the psychological consideration of the seven -year -old child at the time，Professor's book seems too serious for rigid。

"Elementary Elementary School Chinese Culture and Education Sciences", especially the natural objects involved in natural objects、Ancient poetry scene，It can be described by graphic and mobilized，This part is more important than children's psychology。The supporting "Professor Professor of Primary School Chinese Professor", which is a supporting facilities, almost every lesson is a five -stage teaching mode，Although the editor emphasizes "the method of the selection of our teachers is not yet the method of Professor Professor，Farewell to be detailed, Professor Yu is more clear，Therefore, this book uses "，But the rules of the professor given are described as described by the word boring。So，The "business" of this textbook is unsuccessful for the compilation bureau of the Ministry of Education，Lost word of mouth，I have been negotiated。

The author is in the process of reading the Republic of China in the process of the late Qing Dynasty.，How people always combine knowledge and fun when they are thinking about it，The combination of the two is quite a test of the teacher's skills，Therefore, I really want to see the real lecture hall examples, especially the Chinese language case of primary and secondary schools。When I accidentally see this book of professors，The first reaction is that this is a poor and inferior script of a poor director，The world of children's cognition and thinking world cannot know from the professor's book。Of course it may say，The omissions of the textbooks at the Caochuang stage are inevitable，But this is by no means an excuse for bad editing，Textbooks of private publishing Bet365 lotto review institutions are very characteristic。Those children who are very famous after becoming famous in the text recalling their own school experience，I feel too neat and legendary，Not all of them。The best material should be the student assignment and practice by the teacher's review、Professor's book on the teacher's own experience，and personal diary and other information systems，Unfortunately, these rarely can be seen。

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