"Such a cold day，I didn’t expect professors to come to the village。I didn’t expect to talk about the words of our people，Tell out of sincerity、Truth、True Love ... I must help young people to continue their family spectrum，Pass the good family style! "75 -year -old Li Zhaolai is very excited。The Spring Festival of the Year of the Tiger is approaching，The Central Ruby also enters the coldest season of the year，A few days ago, the minimum temperature on the suburbs of Jinan City dropped to about -15 ° C。Cold wind outside the window，and the conference room of Nangei Garden Village, Shengjing Street, Zhangqiu District, Zhangqiu District, Jinan is warm，Each villagers' face filled with enthusiastic smiles，The scholars who are looking forward to came to the dust and servants。Under Li Pingsheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Chinese Academy of Virtue Education, Shandong University，"Traditional holidays and Chinese virtues" series lectures，I met the folks again。The lecture on the day is the seventh lecture，The theme of "Spring Festival culture and virtue of China" is very popular，The speaker is Professor Zhang Shiyan, the academic leader of the folklore and Chinese folk literature team of Shandong University (hereinafter referred to as the "Folk Customs Team")。

The vast countryside of the new era，It is a field full of hope and vitality。The academic tradition rooted in the "cultural history of literature and history" at Shandong University，This folk learning team always insists on field surveys，Serving local development with heart，Deliven to understand China in the field。Since the new period，Villages that team members have investigated in -depth investigation、More than 300 communities，Footprints all over Shandong、Hebei、Beijing、Liaoning、Jiangsu、Henan、Zhejiang、Jiangsu、Guizhou、Macau and other provinces and cities。

New Rural，New experience，New as a。Go to the people! Serve the general public with academic research，Write learning on the countryside。Enter the village to enter the household，Just from the masses，Go to the masses，Really help rural revitalization。

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"Shandong University was founded in 1901，Gradually form the academic accumulation of ‘literary history, history, and history，provides a deep academic soil for the establishment and development of folklore。"Team member, a team member familiar with the history of folk disciplines in Shandong University, summarizes。In fact，As early as the 1920s and 1930s，Many famous artists in the Republic of China academia have left a strong stroke in the history of the discipline construction of Shandong University。The founder of Chinese Modern Folk Studies, Mr. Gu Jiegang, once coached Qilu University (the predecessor of Shandong University)。"May 4th" period，Peking University founded "Ballad" Weekly，Reminder to the whole country，At that time, some people in Shandong collected dozens of Shandong folk songs published in "Ballad"。1936，Modern writer Mr. Wang Tongzhao chose 28 articles from traditional folk stories circulating in the Jiaodong area，Published in the name of "Shandong Folk Story"，In the preface to talent，He wrote: "A group of innocent joy and anxiety cares about the people and things in the story"，"As if I have taken me back to my childhood again!" In addition，Wen Yiduo、Children's Book Industry、Gao Heng's myth research，Ding Shan's ancient religion and myth research，Lu Kanru、The myth of Feng Yijun、Chu Ci Literature Research，Chu Ci Research by You Guoen，Ballad Study on Taiwan Jingnong，Shen Congwen's antiques and clothing folklore research，Vulgar Literature Studies in Lao She，All laid an important foundation for the study of folk science in Shandong University。

Not only that，A group of young students studying in Shandong University in the 1930s，Also actively carried out folklore learning、Folk Literature Research。Around 1936，Famous literary theorist Mr. Xu Zhongyu during reading，published the papers such as "Dragon Boat Festival Folk Customs Test", "Trouble Mid -Autumn Festival", "Heavy Jiu Miscellaneous Words" and other papers。Article "Qingdao Mountain Great folklore research room"，It indicates that at bet365 best casino games that time, Shandong University had established a special folklore research institution。

After the founding of New China，Shandong University Folklore、Literature of Fire Fire of Folk Literature Research，赓 Continue。The 1950s and 1960s，Kuanddong、Che Xilun、Li Wanpeng's Vulgar Literature Studies，Lu Yao's folk religious research，Enjoy a high reputation in the academic circles，A major influence has been produced。Since the reform and opening up，Shandong University Folklore、Discipline of Folk Literature has ushered in new development opportunities。1985，Under the host of Xu Jingze，Li Wanpeng、Jian Tao、Ye Tao started to establish the "Folklore Research" magazine，Later, with the support of all parties, the Institute of Folk Studies in Shandong University、Shandong Province Folklore Society。These academic work opens first，contributed valuable experience to the booming development of Chinese folklore after reform and opening up。After more than 30 years of development，Today "Folklore Research" has become an academic garden for the majority of folklore researchers，The latest achievements in the research on the frontier field of folklore Chinese characteristics of Chinese characteristics。

Li Wanpeng、Yamanman、Liu Tieliang、Liu Delong and other older generations of scholars，Not only created the academic cause of folklore，It has led a good academic atmosphere。Professor Li Wanpeng of Shandong University Southern Academy Li Wanpeng's concise teaching worker dormitory，It is a warm home common to the teachers and students of folklore of Shandong University，laughter from time to time。Teachers and classmates often encounter problems，Just knock on the door of "Father's Family"，Repeated consultation can always be satisfied and return。If you are brought to a semi -finished manuscript，I ca n’t get it in a few days and then retrieve，It has already been repeatedly commented on the above，Also get a lot of very rare and difficult literature support，How many grandfathers are always full of infinite love for support。until the end of the year，Professor Li Wanpeng still insisted on leaving the team to the Rubaku and rural areas to investigate，Must bow。"We will be old or less in life，Eclectic set，Eclectic set，Starting learning, you must care about it! "We do a survey in the village，How much trouble does it add to the people! Just talk to the people。""，These simple teachings are still echoing in everyone's ear，"Home Training" for becoming a folklore team。

With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up，The problem of "agriculture and rural" has gradually become a fundamental problem that is related to national economy and people's livelihood。Since the 1980s，Folk -learning team has determined the research orientation of "find a problem in rural fields"，I have never changed。The accumulation and development of several generations of scholars，The research of the folk learning team has gradually formed a number of distinctive professional directions，Including field research and folklore basic theory、Folklore academic tradition and Chinese practice、Taishan Culture and Chinese Civilization、Agricultural folk customs and Chinese farming civilization、North China relative system and women's folklore、The protection of intangible cultural heritage and the development of contemporary society、Stories and mythology research。Team member Liu Tieliang、Zhang Shiyi、Wang Jiahua、Diao Tongju successively proposed "feeling the folklore of life", "internal value and external value", "labor mode", "individual narrative", "etiquette interaction", "field China", "temperature fields", "forms meaning", "individual History of Life "" Field Ethics "and other academic concepts，It has an important impact in the academic community，Based on this, a large number of outstanding results were launched。

October 15, 2021，At the 120th Anniversary Symposium at the Celebration of Shandong University，Li Pingsheng said affectionately: "Today's folklore inheritance in succession is Chinese century -old academic undertakings，Give root in Chinese social soil in the new era，It will definitely grow to be able to respond to major propositions in the times、Folklores with Chinese characteristics。Shandong University folklore team should face the future，Continue to do a good job of field research，excavate the most local Bet365 app download virtues and Chinese wisdom from the folk culture，Service Grassroots，Serving the masses，Service Social Development，Let the research be temperature，Make learning strong。”

　Fields with temperature

time to this day，Shandong University Folk Studies Team composed of 10 scholars composed of three generations of old and middle -aged and young three generations，Each person has a well -cultivated rural field "territory"。Academic leader Professor Zhang Shiyan has long followed the investigation and investigating Western Crison Village on the River River in the middle of the Luzhong area，Owzi Village, Zichuan District、Yiban Village，Courtyard Village on the coast of Shandong Peninsula，Even in Guizhou、Fixed survey location in Hebei。similar to it，Professor Ye Tao attacked the Taishan area、Jingtang Village, Qingzhou City，Professor Wang Jiahua's Binzhou City Huji Village，Professor Diao Tongju focus on Hongshanyu Village, Zaozhuang City，Professor Long Sheng's Qingdao Hanjia Village，There are also Chinese time -honored studies that Zhu Yiqing's long -term attention has been paid for ...、Li Haiyun、Lin Haicong and other young scholars，It is also infected by this rich atmosphere，Walking in the country all year round，Living with villagers, living with the same labor，The harvest is very abundant，They all continue to explore in their respective academic territories。

Since the new century，With the gradual establishment and improvement of various research paradigms of humanities and social sciences，How to innovate the field research pursued by modern folklore，It was a problem that was a long -term thinking and discussion of the folklore team。From the perspective of Zhang Shiyi，Questions and criticisms received by the Institute of Folk School of Contemporary Chinese Folk Studies，It mainly includes the following four aspects: not sensitive to the sharp changes in contemporary rural life，Folklore depicts the "solidification illusion" of folk life，Thousands of texts;、Field survey method filled in the blanks，No field discovery，No problem consciousness; the subjective and interaction situation in field surveys lacks provincial inspections，Use the field information without analysis，"It's all vegetables in the basket"; lack of theoretical care, etc.。

problems arising from field research，Destined to seek solution in the field。2008 Summer，​​Entrusted by the Shandong Provincial Public Opinion Survey Center，Zhang Shi Flash Organization 7 graduate students，According to the requirements of the commissioner's "Social Survey", "Weifang City Folklore Public Cognitive Survey"。This investigation is a "deep well" field survey that is familiar to usual，Instead of strictly follow the specified mode of the client，A questionnaire survey first。For this，The investigation process should complete the "fill in the blanks" link，This is the primary task in all jobs。So，sampling、Data statistics、Questionnaire design、Data statistics、Investigation and supervision ... In a two -week prescribed time，The investigation team has carried out "random" social survey in more than 20 villages。The so -called random，is "Three Uncertainty"，That is, the towns you arrived every day，The village where the arrival is uncertain，Villagers who choose to do questionnaires are not sure。All activities must be acting according to the instructions issued on the day of the investigation and supervision。After a short ten days of time，Each group member completed an average of more than 200 precise design questionnaires in more than 200 design。

Time value July，The sun is like fire。The person in charge of the project Zhang Shiwang looked at the sweaty back、Students who are dark in the face，Especially mixed with sweat and soil that appears thicker questionnaire，Although he was highly evaluated by the client，The inner heart is mixed。Practical learning，Always pay a penny to get a point。Practice proof，Social survey activities are completed in a short and flat way，Although it also has a certain degree of universal trust，But with the actual situation of the people's livelihood，Really feel people's heart，There is still a lot of distance。Dharma learning from the society and quantitative analysis model this time，completely opened a new research work idea，This is based on the "deep well" village survey、Digging field information with a magnificent field of vision with "etiquette bet365 live casino games and customs interaction"。and 2016，Shandong University Folklore Team and Sociology Team together，Large -scale social survey of the "Shandong Provincial Rural Civilization Action Construction effect" again，After repeated communication、Consider，Take the same deposit difference、Take the director each、How to combat combat，Finally achieved the ideal survey effect。

Reflection and practice after this，Folklore Team further hard work，Teaching Reform Project based on the "Curriculum System Reform and Practice of Social Ability of Folk Studies and Social Ability"，We ushered in an academic explosion period: Zhang Shiyan's textbook "Chinese Art Folk Studies" won the second prize of the Ministry of Education's first National Excellent Teaching Materials Award (Higher Education) after the revision and reprinting.，Spense "The Cultural Interpretation of the Art of the Villagers -The Inspection of the Fourth Village of the Lubu" won the second prize of the outstanding achievement of the humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education;、Finishing and Research "is supported; Ren Yaxuan won the first prize of the eighth" Super Star Cup "college teacher teaching competition in Shandong Province ... Practice the truth，"Moving the desk and podium to the field" allows academic natural fragrance to infiltrate the soil，It will inevitably leave the leaves，Reflection of vitality and vitality。

Practice out of truth，Fields have true sutras。Each teacher and student who has worked or studied in a folklore team，All left unforgettable memories in the field survey。Field research returns，But the investigation process is extremely difficult。According to conventional experience，Complete a decent degree thesis，Master students must have more than six months of survey experience，Doctoral students need to live for more than a year，And all need "everyone helps me，I am assisted by the mutual assistance team operation。These agreed rules，Each member of the folk school team benefits a lot。

Zhang Shiyan's "Little Zhang Zhu Horse Research" experience，It has been processed into "paragraphs" in the mouth of the team teachers and students: since the first time in 1999, I entered Luzhong and West Village，He "walks relatives" every year，even developed the habit of the New Year there;，In the end, he became a "family" with the villagers; he lived in an office in a village committee for a long time，Militarian company hanging on it、Electric Classroom、Family Planning Office and other dozens of brands。Diao Tongju's doctoral dissertation is a study of in -law relationship，She lives in the home of Tian Chuanjiang, a villager in Hongshanyu Village, Zaozhuang City。It's been a long time，Tian Chuanjiang and her wife took her to walk around the street，The old and young and old in the village gradually gradually from curiosity to familiar，until I open my heart and pull the family，I got used to every time she arrived。Whenever Tian Chuanjiang goes to the provincial capital Jinan meeting、Seeing a doctor，Diao Tongju is like taking care of his parents，Package the elderly’s clothing, food, housing and transportation，There are actually more than 20 years in a blink of an eye。Wang Jiahua started from tracking and investigating the "Huji Book Club" in Binzhou City，Torter -through round trip，Unclear interview records，Finally, it became the most popular expert consultant of the local people and the honorary villagers of five or six villages ... These things that make people feel warm due to field surveys。It is a continuous folklore survey based on a long period of time，The "China Folk Culture Development Report" that they have cultivated all year and year after year，Vividly reveals the development and changes of modern Chinese folk culture。

Enter the village，Not only should we pay attention to people's livelihood，And to observe people's hearts，You need to capture the rich life experience in the dual dimension of life and mentality of life and mentality，Including the villagers' interpretation of their own culture。2016 summer，The "Shandong Village Field Research" planned by the folk learning team was selected into the National Publishing Fund Planning Funding Project，and finally published 20 types of books with Shandong Village as a unit。and finally published 20 types of books with Shandong Village as a unit，Everyone discusses repeatedly，Determine "deeply describe the village life，Highlight the main body of the villagers，Sort out the native veins，Showing the National Love Base Color "as the principle，Bet365 lotto review The last special set of each book "People in our village，The matter in our village "special chapter，And the appendix "Introduction to Important Folk Information Providers" and the daily use of the people，so as to reflect the villagers' main perspective。In actual writing，The author and the villagers investigate in -depth cooperation in the field，Efforts to present the different perspectives of the two in the writing of the village folk customs，Strive to make folklore knowledge "from the people，Go to the people "。Prove to the facts，These experimental folk custom writing methods are successful，Both have won the general recognition of the villagers，Both have won the general recognition of the villagers。Based on this，"Field China · Contemporary Folk Customs Academic Library" published by Qilu Shu Club，Gathering heavy results，It also won heavy honor，This series of books won the 23rd "Outstanding Book Award in East China Ancient Books"。Zhang Shiyan wrote deeply in the general order of the series: "Scholar who walks for a long time，There were similar experiences: Sometimes I heard one or two sentences by accident，Suddenly, a certain mentality of the people in the process of unification of the country has accumulated a certain mentality of the people.。"" "Everything that is in the field，Both reality，It is also history，Foot can start dense and deep thinking。"Only walk into the field，Go down，can you realize the grand wish of "understanding China in the field" step by step。

On the "Ritual Tradition and Chinese Social Construction" forum hosted by Shandong University，Folklord、Professor Huang Yonglin of Huazhong Normal University said with emotion，"A group of folk scholars represented by Shandong University has long rooted fields，Continue to follow the countryside，Deeper to the folk，Close to the people，It has formed a research style of a certain ‘temperature field’，Basically laid the foundation of Chinese Folk Studies' Field School "。

　　rooted in the field, understand China

In recent years，Shandong University folklore team gradually formed a consensus，That is, the study of local society should be close to the life of the villagers，Deeply describe its life world and cultural significance，Based on this, further explore the traditions and changes of the village organization，Inheritance mechanism to present Chinese rural culture，Promote the rationality of national policy design and implementation level。Specifically，Start from the daily life of the village and the historical narrative of the villagers，Observation policy embedded process，Then understand the changes in village culture and organizational traditions in the historical context of local society，Focus on the passive adaptation and active adjustment of the villagers。This not only helps understand the historical accumulation process and social structure of local society，You can also understand the national unified process、The interaction between local social development and the daily life of the people，Promote the understanding of the "China Principles"。

In fact，The "field" of folklore is the world's daily life，They are both space where human behavior occurs，It is also the original original of human knowledge。"Xiafen Field"，It became a scholar to enter the daily life of the people，Taking specific people and things as research objects，Discover the process of "human love" and cultural tradition behind it。From this，Scholars enter the village，It should take the cognitive history、Based on the current、Future -oriented sacred mission。Facing the rapid social transformation and urban and rural development，Especially the vast countryside under the background of new urbanization and rural revitalization strategies，The mission of folk scholars is particularly urgent and urgent。

August 2009，More than ten teachers and students of the folklore team of Shandong University，Sub -group in Xidangyu Village, Yanzhuang Town, Laiwu City, Laowan District、Lantou Village、Southern Mentai Village and other surveys，and focus on the sacred local atmosphere、Grand "China Yuan Festival custom"。Zhongyuan Festival in Laiwu City，It is a unique folk traditional holiday event，Local people commonly known as "July 15th", "Over half a year", "Reunion Festival", etc.。July 15th of the lunar calendar every year，Most of the villagers in the territory must hold ritual activities such as "invitations to the family", "support ancestor", "send home hall"，Yigua、Fruit、Wine、bet365 Play online games Vegetables and other sacrifice ancestors，"Send Home" in the evening。At noon，It is relaxed at the atmosphere、Its joyously surrounds the elderly to eat a reunion meal。Therefore，The concept of sacrifice ancestors in the general sense of this place is beyond the traditional festival of this place，It is an important channel for becoming a united community and clan family。But，In just ten years since then，With urban development，Especially in Laiwu City withdrawal area，Drives of economic and social transformation and development from the provincial capital，Folk Study Team also witnessed this traditional festival from revival、The process of glory to a sharp decline。These huge changes are prominently manifested -a large number of villagers disappear due to urbanization or "hollow".，The sacred factors of the festival are constantly dissolved，and the leisure of pure consumerism、The tendency of entertainment rises。，The regional range of "holiday" is also significantly narrowed，The process of the ceremony began to simplify，The recognition of young people's recognition of traditional festivals in the hometown is significantly reduced, etc.。In this background，The team focused on founding the publication of the "Holiday Research"，It aims to promote the academic attention and research of the traditional Chinese festival culture。

The problem of protection and inheritance in the Laiwu area，Folk Study Team strives to contribute to the wisdom of learning in its own way。Discussion several times，With the help of non -heritage protection work to solve the inheritance crisis of the customs customs，Let non -heritage protection truly integrate into the development of rural communities，Help each other with the construction of new rural areas、complement each other，The idea of ​​becoming the same member of all members。After nearly three years of unremitting efforts，They coordinate the province、City、All parties in the district，Organize local leaders to visit and visit many times，Call well -known experts at home and abroad to investigate and demonstrate ... Finally，Laiwu Central and Yuan Festival customs have received high attention from government departments and academic circles，and were selected as a national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021，The heart of everyone hangs down。Although many efforts are very difficult，But the harvest made for the village construction and his father's fellow contribution，It really makes people feel sincere joy and sense of accomplishment。Wang Jiahua, who runs the fields in rural areas all year round, lamented: "In recent years, close observation of many villages，Make me more convinced，In the wave of new urbanization construction at the moment，Folk traditions are not ashamed to fly to smoke，Instead, it becomes more flexible and diverse。For example, in the village and area、Place where the village district has changed sharply，People trace the history of local history、The psychology of looking for local culture recognition is generally strong。As far as these changes are concerned，We can maintain a cautious but optimistic attitude。”

Looking at the vast land of 9.6 million square kilometers，Each village seems to be small existence，But from the perspective of the folklore team of Shandong University，The village is the root of Chinese traditional culture，The smallest unit of Chinese society。They firmly believe，Chinese traditional culture in the overall sense，It is because of relying on social life in different localities and often in often new，and local society to build cultural identity between homeland around the national etiquette tradition，Forms such as oral tradition、Festival celebration、Ceremony performance、Life etiquette、Jiapu Village and other unique local cultural expression，Together, it constitutes a deep tradition of connecting the connection between homeland。Therefore，Based on the village，Collect the facts of villagers' lives，Understand the social and cultural system of cross -villages，It has become an effective path to explore the overall operating mechanism of Chinese society。Village Studies，It is also given the heavy mission of the heavy mission。Current，The research results of many years of folk learning team Shen Qian for many years，It is continuing to produce profound social effects，The burden on the shoulders of the team members is heavier。In recent years，The team Bet365 app download has successively established the Chinese Festival Cultural Research Base of Culture and Tourism、Key Base of Research on Humanities and Social Sciences in Shandong Province、Shandong Provincial Non -Heritage Research Base，and Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Institute、China Culture Research Center、Three school -level platforms including the key think tank team of China's local society，Multiple consultation reports that have been completed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、Acceptance of the State Council Counselor's Office。

The soil of academic root in the times and culture。First -level professor of humanities and social sciences in Shandong University、Folklore scholar Liu Tieliang once commented: "Mr. Zhong Jingwen, the older generation of folk scholars, repeatedly emphasized，We have to make the Chinese contribution，Don't simply follow the theory of foreigners、Framework to discuss，Call for the establishment of a Chinese folk school。Shandong University's folklore team has always insisted on rural research over the years，I have not relaxed the field survey，Persist in refining local concepts from the local society、Looking for Chinese answers，This is the best response and development of Mr. Zhong's academic thought。"Facing encouragement and honor，The teachers of the folk learning team are holding a calm and rational，Young teacher Wang Jiahua said deeply: "A drop of water will never dry up if you put it in the sea。Field Studies are theoretical learning，It is more practical learning、Learning of interpretation。Face for the future，We can only walk into the depths of people's lives more sincerely，More persistently realized theoretical innovation on the basis of case research，Perform more determined to fulfill the commitment to serve rural development。Only this，Our field research can be regarded as long -lasting，stands on the ground! "

The Chinese nation has a long history，The folk culture clearly reflects the basic characteristics of the Chinese cultural identity and spiritual world，It is the most intuitive spirit of the Chinese nation's era、The most lively external manifestation，Recorded the survival status of the people at different stages、Cultural psychology and mental temperament，With cohesion、Communication and creativity，The inherent meaning of the social and cultural life in essence。With the process of modernization of socialist modernization, especially in the process of urbanization，Entering the local country of the 21st century，It has already been integrated into the historical development sequence of "modern China"，Major cultural practice forms in rural society and the action logic of contemporary Chinese farmers have undergone major changes，and affect the relationship between urban and rural culture。The vitality of folklore lies in the inheritance and enrichment of life practice of excellent traditional culture，Direct point to the realistic domain of cultural production and spiritual nourishment。Folk -field research reality opened the Chinese method of "people's practice"，True showing the style of the era of rural communities，Academic concerns that reflect the longing for the people's beautiful life，Emphasized cultural mission to promote the construction of new rural areas，Need generations and generations of folklore people keep keeping new and new，Tough forward。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Qilu Teachers College、School of History and Culture, Shandong University; Chinese Social Sciences Magazine)