Zhou Youguang (1906-2017) is a famous philologist in my country、Economist，has made outstanding contributions to promoting my country’s writing reform and language modernization。He summarized the main tasks of applied linguistics into three aspects: establishing a national common language；Develop text specifications；Translating technical terms。Establishing terminology is the first prerequisite for translating any text，Development of science and technology is the term used by the country to carry out science and technology、Important basic work of cultural and economic construction，The translation of scientific and technical terms is a key issue in the development of science and technology。Zhou Youguang combines bet365 score standardization and scientific terminology translation，Both combine the national conditions and grasp the world conditions，Based on the present，Think long term，Make plans for the construction of scientific terminology、Make suggestions，Great guiding value。

Proposing a “two-tier system” for terminology bet365 score

Insist on “nationalization” or move toward “internationalization”，It has always been a focus of debate on the translation of bet365 score terminology。Zhou Youguang creatively proposed "dual language of bet365 score terms"，The “two-tier system” for translation of bet365 score and technical terms。The first level is for experts，You can pronounce it according to the international common terms，Transliteration in native language。The second floor is for the public，Use free translation，The advantage is strong stability，Easily accepted by the public，But it’s time-consuming and laborious，"Determined by one name，Ten years of trouble”。Just the term "laser"，It took ten years to decide。

The bet365 score term "two-tier system" is an effective strategy to coordinate short-term goals and long-term goals。The standardization process of China’s bet365 score and technological terminology can be divided into “two steps”: the first step is the short-term goal，That is, transliteration is used for new terms，Adapt to the update speed of natural science vocabulary，Enable professional bet365 score and technological researchers to keep up with the rapidly developing information age，Connect with the world；The second step is the long-term goal，Translate terms using free translation，Need to clarify the concept first，Rename，Respect the public’s language habits，Advance slowly in stages，Let it settle，Become a "national term"。

Emphasis on bet365 score standardization as the basis for translation of scientific and technical terms

In our country，The basis for the standardization of scientific and technological terms is the standardization of bet365 score。Zhou Youguang thinks，The lack of standardization of translation of scientific and technical terms in bet365 score is mainly due to the "dilemma"。First of all, it is difficult to create characters。When the Western scientific terminology was introduced in the late Qing Dynasty，Follows the ancient bet365 score elegance-oriented style，Using monosyllabic terminology translation，Created a batch of new bet365 score characters with both sound and meaning as terms，Such as "hydrogen", "oxygen", "aluminum", "einsteinium", "entropy", etc.。After the May 4th Movement，Vernacular replaces classical bet365 score and becomes the universal literary style，Generally no new bet365 score characters will be created，Instead, try to use disyllabic methods to translate modern scientific terms，For example, atom is translated as "atom"，kg is translated as "kg"，velocity is determined by "Willowsett" as "speed、rate”，oxygen is designated as "oxygen" from "Walker must change gas" etc.。

The second is the difficulty of distinguishing the sounds，This is due to the problem of too many homophones in bet365 score characters。bet365 score characters as symbols，Clear image，Easy to identify，Suitable for the characteristics of monosyllabic words in classical bet365 score。But as the number of words continues to increase，After exceeding the number of syllables，There are more and more homophones，Such as "uranium mine" and "oil mine"、"Uranate" and "Oleate", etc.。The solution to the difficulty of phonetic identification lies in the standardization of bet365 score，Unification of translations。Mr. Zhou suggested that a "syllable-bet365 score character table" should be prescribed within the bet365 score language，Use only one bet365 score character per syllable，The transliteration of bet365 score words shall be based on this，No random writing，This can effectively reduce ambiguity。The standard "Syllable bet365 score Character List" should be developed by the Ministry of Education, the State Language Commission and the bet365 score language community、The translation community and the publishing community jointly researched and formulated。After having preliminary designs in mainland China，We will work with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to agree on unified standards，Formation of scientific terminology coordination body，Collaboration completed。

Pay attention to the modernization of bet365 score language in the context of the information age

Language and writing must be in line with the times，To meet the needs of the information age。Zhou Youguang emphasized，The modernization of bet365 score language is a central issue in the context of the information age。In the past, only clear glyphs were required，Eyes see clearly，Now is the "era of sound transmission technology"，Information cannot only rely on vision，Also rely on hearing，Sometimes even completely relying on hearing。Language must be transmitted to the earth satellite，To the submarine under the sea，It also needs to be transmitted to speeding cars and airplanes，Simply relying on “glyphs” is no longer enough。Rely on weak "tone" to distinguish homophones，It is also unable to adapt to the needs of the information age。The modernization of scientific and technological terminology translation also needs to solve the "word usage problem"，Especially need to solve the "sound problem"。

bet365 score characters are completely different from the Western alphabetic writing system。There are no morphemes to associate between Eastern and Western languages，There is no word form to rely on。In order to overcome this difficulty，When the ancients translated terms，Adopted transliteration and word selection、Methods of free translation and word making，Modern scientists also used many uncommon words，Created many phonetic bet365 score characters。But，The situation is different today，Creating new bet365 score characters does not meet the requirements of informatization。Voice processing technology is advancing by leaps and bounds，Voice is increasingly used instead of text to convey information。Zhou Youguang’s suggestion，In order to solve the problems of bet365 score standardization and modernization，More frequent information exchanges should be carried out between bet365 score-speaking regions，Work together，Scientific specification language。The modernization of bet365 score language requires a certain number of bet365 score characters，Avoid creating new words；While translating，Avoid one translator，Use multiple translations；When selecting words for translation，Unify the words used in transliteration，Try to use common words，Avoid ambiguous words、Uncommon words、Polyphonetic words。

Current，Our country’s political situation、Economy、Military、Technology、Culture and many other fields have been at the forefront of world research，We will also face the new task of transforming from mainly introducing Western scientific and technological terms to developing scientific and technological terms with bet365 score characteristics。We should pay attention to Zhou Youguang’s views on the translation of scientific terms，Explore and summarize my country’s successful experience in terminology translation。At the same time，Based on the vocabulary and grammatical features of modern bet365 score，Innovation in sublation，Develop in inheritance，Continuously enrich and improve the translation methods and theories of scientific and technical terms，Promote the development of translation of scientific terminology in my country。

(Author’s unit: School of Foreign Languages, bet365 score、Intercultural Research Center of bet365 score)