The word empathy originally originated from aesthetic theory。The earliest use of empathy is the German aestheticist Friedrich Visher (Friedrich Visher)，He believes that empathy is to shoot himself in natural things。Later, American psychologist Titchener translated the German word "einfühlung" into English，So I created a new word "Empathy"，thus announced the birth of the word，The meaning is to project yourself into what you observe。Now the understanding of empathy has been far from its original meaning，It is generally believed that emotional emotions will feel the emotions of others，Specifically，It is the same with the happiness or pain of others，Its essence is that emotions have moved between interpersonal。So，How did empathy happen?

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"The processing of empathy is automatic" This view can be traced back to more than 100 years ago，Such as a German psychologist、Aestheticist Lipps (lipps) thinks，We imitate the posture of others through internal、Action to understand others，and apply its theory to the emotional process。Although this view does not clearly explain that the empathy is automatic processing，But the idea of ​​automatic processing contains a certain degree。With the deepening of bet365 best casino games research，Some researchers put forward their own theoretical interpretation of the mechanism of empathy from different angles，It mainly includes imitation theory and perception -action model。

The theory of imitation (Simulation theory, ST) I think，We understand the mental state of others，Including emotional state，It is performed by imitating or reproducing the psychological or emotional state of others within our psychology。But there are certain differences in the degree of automaticness within the theoretical school，Some researchers believe that imitation is a pure automatic process，Some researchers believe that this imitation is not completely automatic。

Preston and De Waal are based on integration of related theories and empirical research，Posted by Perception-Action Model, PAM)。The main idea is when the state of the subject consciousness to the object，The corresponding state will be automatically activated、Related features of the situation and object，The activation of these representations will automatically generate an autonomous body response that is associated with it，Unless it is suppressed。Specific to Empathy's theme，When an individual observes or imagines that others are in a certain emotional state，A characteristics of personal experience related to the emotional state will be automatically activated。

Mirror-Neuron System, MNS) Discovery provides the basis for mimics and perception -the action model provides the basis for neuroma biology。The bet365 live casino games naming of the system is closely related to the mirror neuron。Mirror Neuron was originally discovered by Rizzolatti and others in the Ganges monkey's brain，Because these neurons seem to be able to directly map other individual movements in the observer's brain，Therefore, it is named "Mirror Neuron"。With the deepening of research，Evidence of human beings in the field of motion in the field of action，This system is activated when the individual performs behaviors and observes the same behavior of others to perform the same behavior。Later，Study extends from human movements to emotional fields，Get a lot of empirical research support，But mainly concentrated in the area of ​​pain in empathy。Many empathy studies indicate，There is a shared neural network between yourself and others，When the pain or disgust of the person who perceives others，This network will automatically activate。It is the neural network that is like this mirror，Bridge between people and human emotions。Its existence can help us "feel the same"，to better understand others、Purpose of communicating with others。

　　Empathy is good at being adjusted

The automatic processing of empathy seems to mean no matter when and.，No matter what object is facing，We can automatically express when we witnessed others' emotions、Select real estate to produce emotional emotion without choosing real estate。But in real life，The situation bet365 best casino games is not the case。For example，In a corner of the street，You can often see anyone begging with tears，and we can not have emotional emotion every time。If you see this kind of situation, it will automatically generate，So our emotions will be in a state of chaotic state。But in fact，We are not like this。So，For humans，Empathy is not simple、The process of pure external stimulus drive，It is more complicated。So，More and more researchers have begun to pay attention to the role of human high -level cognitive process in empathy。

Goubert and others proposed a model of pain and emotion。This model believes that the previous experience and sharing knowledge of individual individuals affect the generation of pain and emotional response，The specific manifestation of the influence of the processing process of the top-up (bottom-up) and top-down processing process jointly acts on the experience of individual pain in individuals，This experience and then promote the corresponding emotional and behavioral response。where，The influencing factors from the bottom up mainly include the facial expressions of the pain of others and the pain clues in the background;、Share knowledge and pain disaster -oriented thinking。

De Vignemont and Singer are in neuroscience、Development and social psychology related research，I believe that empathy occurs through the activation of the shared neural network of individuals and others。This neural network is Bet365 app download activated when we feel our emotions and observe the emotions of others。but，They do not recognize that the emotional emotion will automatically occur at any time，This is because: First，This is not the case in real life; followed by，If the empathy is automatically，It will happen when we are unconscious，So the emotion at this time seems to have nothing to do with us，Because we are not conscious at all，and it is infected with emotion、imitation, etc. there will be no difference。So，They think that empathy is not just a result of negative observation or perception of other people's emotions，It will also be adjusted by the evaluation process。

DECETY and Lamm are based on evolution、different perspectives such as cognitive neuroscience and social psychology，Integrated the study of empathy，On the basis of this。This model includes bottom-up (bottom-up，Direct matching between perception and action) and top-down (Top-DOWN，execution function、Regulatory control) information processing process，The interaction of these two processes determines the generation of empathy。The former is at a lower level，Can be automatically activated by perceived input (unless it is suppressed)，The execution function in the latter is used to control cognition and emotions。The latter is constantly updated by the information entered by the former，In turn to control the former through top -down input，Bet365 lotto review thereby increasing the flexibility of empathy，Make it less dependent on external clues。Therefore，This model believes that the emotional component includes the automatic occurrence of components (such as emotional sharing)，At the same time, it also includes components that pass from top to bottom rather than automatic occurrence (such as viewpoint selection)，and the relationship between the two kinds of information processing is not static，Instead of interaction、Constantly changing。

Through the combing of the emotional processing mechanism，We can find，At present, researchers have gradually recognized that the empathy includes the automatic by the observer through sharing the neural network、Unconscious activation，At the same time, it is also adjusted by top -down regulation or evaluation process。That is to say，Empathy is not a process of stimulating driver，It is good at being adjusted，This explains the flexibility and complexity of human empathy。

　　(This article was funded by the National Social Science Foundation "Survival Status of the Elderly Elderly People in the Southwest Border and the Research on Pension Demand" (17BSH101)

(Author Unit: Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University)