Early 2016，The British "Guardian" published a column，Entitled "The Therapeutic War: Freud's Revenge"。The article compares bet365 offer and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques from the perspective of a cognitive behavioral therapist，Describes the history of the decline of bet365 offer in the Western world，And make bold predictions，That is, bet365 offer is very likely to rise again。Actually，Since the 1980s，Freud’s bet365 offer has returned to the fertile soil of psychological counseling and treatment in our country，And it has gradually grown in recent years，Becoming one of the backbones of my country’s mental health cause。However，With the in-depth study of Freud’s theory in the West，Doubts about bet365 offer are also gradually increasing。Now that bet365 offer has become a mainstream psychotherapy technique，Then it is even more necessary to trace the source，Exploring the scientific nature and reliability of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory。

　　Fabricated by bet365 offer

　October 1886，Freud submitted a paper titled "On Male Hysteria" to the Vienna Medical Association。In bet365 offer paper，Freud introduced and defended many of the French doctor Schack’s views on male hysteria。In Freud's Autobiography，His position that men can also suffer from hysteria and his description of the symptoms of male hysteria were met with hostility and attacks from the president of the association and colleagues，Because in that era, it was unbelievable for men to suffer from hysteria。The chairman of the meeting and the colleagues present sneered at his views。Seems to be in the Viennese medical circle at that time，Freud is being mercilessly suppressed for his outdated views that constantly challenge authority。Sulloway thinks，bet365 offer experience was fictionalized by Freud，Because the medical circle in Vienna at that time was not unfamiliar with Schack’s views，And other doctors have found cases of hysteria in men。bet365 offer questionable historical event shaped Freud into a hero and revolutionary of his time。

Freud’s lies don’t stop there，There are often suspicious things in the medical records he published。The 90-year-old patient “Werewolf” responded to Freud’s description of him from afar: “Actually，The whole story is like a disaster。My current situation is the same as the first time I went to see Freud，And Freud is no longer alive。”Then，How Freud evaluated the effectiveness of bet365 offer on this patient？"After that，The patient returned to normal。Although the war took away his home、Property and all relatives，But he still lived a normal life after that。As far as I estimate，This is partly because the misfortune he encountered secretly satisfied the need for guilt，As a result, his health was strengthened。”In other medical records，Freud would also use concealment、Modification, etc.，Describe the conditions of the case in a manner consistent with his psychoanalytic theory。For example，In the case of "Teenage Dora"，Freud described Dora as a girl suffering from "hysteria" in order to resist her father's control，Deliberately avoids the fact that Dora was sexually assaulted by her father’s friend Mr. K when she was 13 years old，And ignores the possibility that Dora suffered from appendicitis in childhood causing pelvic posterior shift (which would cause Dora to drag her right leg when walking)，And selectively depict all this as evidence that Dora suffers from "hysteria"。

Freud’s insincerity，On the one hand, he molded himself into a founding sect、A warrior who dares to innovate，On the other hand, it also makes his theory look rock solid、Invulnerable。And that’s exactly what it is，bet365 offer will face greater doubts - it cannot be falsified。

　　Unfalsifiable bet365 offer myth

Karl Popper proposed the falsification principle for the division between science and non-science in his book "Conjectures and Refutations"。According to this principle，1953，Popper sentenced bet365 offer to “death” in a paper，Because bet365 offer cannot be falsified。So-called falsification，It is in the process of trial and error，Continuously propose hypotheses，Find an example that does not fit the hypothesis。Revise the hypothesis based on examples，Repeat this process，Until the old hypothesis is disproven，A better hypothesis emerges。And this scientific standard hits the bullseye of bet365 offer，Because bet365 offer seems to be a theory that can explain everything from the inner womb ("hysteria" has the root of the ancient Greek word "hysteron") to outer space。Freud gets involved in society、Religion、Anthropology and many other fields，And try to use psychoanalytic theory to explain all this，However, both the research objects and methodology in the verification process have been criticized。For example，Freud in his book "Totem and Taboo"，The barbarian、Primitive and sick、Neurotic patients are mixed as research subjects for research。And Kroeber believes that the argument process of this book itself is also lacking in order、The argument is messy、Lack of specific instructions and other issues。Even so，Freud still believes that bet365 offer is the basis for revealing all truth，Especially the theory of "Oedipus Complex"，Freud regarded his discovery as a panacea to cure all diseases。Admittedly，Freud spent his life revising his theories，Even at the last moment of his life，But there is a lack of rigorous falsification。Neurosis caused by war trauma，To the wave of feminism，And now the rise of cognitive neuroscience，Seems like generalization of symptoms、Changing times、Progress in psychological science，There is nothing to prove that bet365 offer is limited or a wrong theory。Opposite，It just proves the incomparable correctness and infinite applicability of bet365 offer again and again。

Michel Onfray describes bet365 offer as a “scientific myth”，Looks like a careful assumption、Continuously seek verification，In fact, it uses anonymous stories to explain the entire world or a certain part of the world。In this process，bet365 offer always seems to have its own way of dealing with doubts。This is the third "original sin" of psychoanalytic theory - the refusal of peer review。

　　Reject peer bet365 offer

Freud believed: "bet365 offer is like any other natural science，Based on a patient and difficult restructuring of factual understanding of the intuitive world。”According to this understanding，As a psychotherapy technique，Psychoanalytic theory should withstand the scrutiny of psychological colleagues。Most of Freud’s theories come from the induction and summary made after his personal experience and observation，Did not use scientific experimental deduction method to verify，There is also a lack of large-scale clinical data，This has caused psychoanalytic theory to be widely questioned since its emergence。The way psychoanalytic “fundamentalists” face such questions is often extremely negative。Michel Onforet once summarized the attitudes of psychoanalysts when facing doubts into six types，These six attitudes can be summarized as "three negations": denying that the doubter has studied or been involved in the field of bet365 offer；Negative of the mental health level of doubters；Deny the representativeness of the clinical materials provided by the skeptics。These "three negations" potentially deny the legitimacy of non-psychoanalytic scholars' evaluation of psychoanalytic theory。

bet365 offer, which claims to be “scientific”, especially rejects doubts from academic psychology。Ji Qiwei thinks，bet365 offer maintains an appropriate distance from academic psychology，Because in bet365 offer，Academic psychology puts the cart before the horse and focuses on small and microscopic issues that have nothing to do with human existence，And for those things about love deep in the human heart、Destiny、Turn a blind eye to major issues such as death。It is not difficult to understand that Xu Xianjun once summarized Jaspers’ criticism of bet365 offer，He mentioned that bet365 offer is a worldview movement with sectarian tendencies，Therapists who have received bet365 offer will regard this theory as an absolute belief，Form a unique sense of superiority in bet365 offer。It is this arrogant self-perception that hinders bet365 offer from moving in a scientific direction。

Perhaps the French psychoanalyst Lacan’s judgment on the scientific nature of bet365 offer is correct: “bet365 offer is a delusional method... not a science。It has no scientific status in itself，It can only wait for this position，Looking forward to this status...people can wait for a long time！No progress，What people wait for is not necessarily what people reap，This is scientific nonsense。”Because of these three “original sins”，As a therapeutic technique，The scientific validity of bet365 offer based on “lies” and “myths” is questionable，Those therapists who have studied bet365 offer should also let go of their obsession with Freud’s “fundamental tenets”，Re-examine psychoanalytic theory with humility and curiosity。

　　(Author’s Affiliation: School of Education, Suzhou University)