"People are the scale of all things。"" Psychology as an inquiry and their psychological life，It is inevitable that the subjective problem is inevitable。The subject theory requires psychology to be centered on people and its subjectivity，Taking people as the purpose rather than means，Highlight the essence of the psychological life of people、Studies and development of development，Instead of psychological element composition and its physiological or physical mechanism。The loss of subjectivity is almost the universal fate of natural science psychology。"At the same time as the psychological waves are constantly advancing natural science，Empiricalism occupies a dominant position in the middle and long -term mainstream psychology，The subjectivity of a person is forced to leave the track of psychology，Frequently ignored and slowly moved towards decline。"But human's subjectivity was promoted in humanistic psychology，The emphasis on subjectivity constitutes the important development logic and historical direction of humanities and science psychology。The initial form of human science psychology，Describing the appearance of psychology and the development of the main theory logic of the development of humanities and science psychology。

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mid -to -late 19th century，The dominant position of scientific and technological rationality is fully established in Europe，A alienation crisis in the ideological and cultural field，The subjectivity of a person is gradually restrained or even lost under this situation。To deal with crisis，Burentano and Dilai created a description psychology in the process of transforming philosophy or building a humanities Bet365 lotto review science building，The first scientific form of becoming a human science psychology。Description Psychology Actification of Psychology for empirical psychology and eliminating people's subjectivity，Place people in the center of psychology，Try to highlight and promote the subjectivity of people，Make psychology a person for people、Researcher、Science relying on people and respect for people。Describe the emphasis on the subjectivity of psychology，Not only reflected in the understanding of the ontology of people and their psychological life，and reflected in the specific research from this。

Description Psychology, especially romantic tradition description psychology，From life theory、Overall theory、The perspective of cultural theory and interactive theory views people and their psychological life，I believe that people are the living existence of blood and blood in real life，Is it purposeful、Demand、Have experience、Emotional development existence，Driven by the essence of people's intentions, the subjective interaction with the surrounding environment has formed a subjective、Fresh、Overall and meaningful psychological life，People are the creators and managers of their own unique psychological life。

Description Psychology Considation，The ontology features of people and their psychological life，It determines that psychology should not adopt the objective empirical research mode of natural science，And the subjective experience research mode of phenomenology or interpretation of people itself as the basic tool should be adopted，Describe and reveal the true appearance of people's complete psychological life through internal perception or meaning understanding。Internal consciousness is a purely self -reflection without analysis，It is the internal intuition and experience of the main body towards its own。Understanding is a process of grasping the meaning of human life。Bet365 app download Description of the process of psychological acquisition of psychological knowledge，Researchers and researchers in natural science psychology、Binary opposition between the subject and object。In the internal perception and self -understanding，Researchers and researchers are the same。In the understanding of the psychological life of others，Researchers and researchers in the same or similar society、History、Unification of the cultural and living framework。Description Psychology makes researchers no longer the "slave" of programs and technology，Researchers are no longer a passive controlled experimental object，Their subjectivity has been fundamentally promoted and highlighted。This basic spirit of promoting and showing the subjectivity of people，Later psychoanalytic psychology、Format Tower Psychology、Psychology psychology、Inheritance and development of psychology and humanistic psychology。

　　History inheritance and development in human science psychology

Psychoanalysis Psychology The main discussion of people has gone through a process from derogation to showing。Freud believes that human psychology and behavior depends on the instinctual impulse of subconsciousness，Can't rely on the rational force of self to achieve freedom and freedom。Later Jung and Adler improved in terms of showing the subjectivity of people。Riger gives the concept of subconsciousness with new connotation，It is believed that the psychological function of a person is more pursuit of excellence，I believe that patients have the ability to play a role in their own cure。Adler believes that life is a process that constantly overcome inferiority and pursue excellence，Everyone determines the direction of life，All are struggling for "perfect" life。Hartman creates psychological analysis self -psychology，Letting himself get rid of instinct control and becomes an independent field without conflict，bet365 Play online games Established the main position of the self from the fundamental point。Flom tries to improve people's mental state by re -returning the subject，I think everyone has the unique ability to create and love，All should be integrated into others on the basis of maintaining freedom and independence。

Format Tower Psychology of Psychology is now in multiple aspects。It pays attention to everything that the subject directly feels or experiences，It is believed that human behavior is mainly affected by its subjective consciousness rather than objective influence and domination。The study theory of its epiphany and research on migration and creative thinking，The interpretation framework that impacts the interpretation of connectionism and behaviorism degrades human nature，Improving people's wisdom、Creative and subjective status。For example，Epinerial said，Learning depends on the purpose of people with purposeful situation cognition and inspiration，instead of countless blind mechanical trials。Format psychology emphasizes the overall、mode、Organization、Structure, etc. in the process of perception and advanced psychological process，Pay attention to the initiative of the organization and interpretation of people's input of sensory information。Lewin as the post representative of the format psychology，Criticizing traditional psychology seriously ignores emotion、The role of motivation and social forces，I think the psychological and behavioral of people's changes is needed、Under the action of emotion and motivation，The result of the active negotiation of the self -active and environment in the psychological field。

Psychological psychology starts from the world of life，The world of life is the original world that we are directly given by us in it。Psychologist psychologist regards human psychological phenomena as embedded or derived from the true existence of the life world，Follow Bet365 app download the experience of people in the world of life，Think that they are true、Rich and lively。They emphasize psychological phenomena with intention，Think that people's psychology always points to or about something (object)，Psychological and object has a direct significance correlation，Not only can it reflect the object，and can actively "create" objects。It is not separated between psychological and object，Psychology is meaningful because of the initiative to point the object，Objects are meaningful due to psychological association，The two have eliminated the opposition in the sense and realized unity。Psychology psychology also encourages researchers to actively participate in the research process under the premise of loyal psychological phenomena，It must be objective without value neutral。These all reflect the importance of people's subjectivity。

Existing psychology from existence to promote people's subjectivity，Dedicated to explore the most direct experience of people、The most authentic existence and the most true life meaning，Encourage researchers to enter the inner world of people to experience its existence，Know how this person lives、How to move and how to exercise the right to choose。Heidegger thinks，People can choose in the process of existence、Evaluation、Accept、Refusing and expanding，You can live a true life by accepting various states of existence and making personal choices。Binswood thinks，Everyone lives in their own and subjective world，If you want to know and help someone，It is necessary。Frankel attaches importance to people's consciousness and personal responsibility，I think freedom is not the freedom to evade responsibility，Instead of freedom of acceptance。Luo Luo Mei thinks，People are both experienced objects，is the subject of experience，Everyone gives their own experience with meaning。

Humanist psychology is a "neither emphasizes Bet365 lotto review the mind nor emphasizes the body，Psychology that emphasizes human spirit "，The subjectivity of the person is fundamentally promoted to a new height。It emphasizes the complete and real inner self of human，Focus on studying healthy people and its internal conscious experience and essential value，Dedicated to explore the inherent nature of people、Emotional Experience、Creative ability、Creative ability、Free choice、Motivation needs and spontaneous line as。It believes that everyone should be based on their own nature, not the expectations of others，Decide what or what will you do or become，and be responsible for your own decision。Maslow thinks，Every healthy person has the inner tendency of spontaneously pursuing self -realization、Demand or potential，Always strive to become what he should become。Rogers thinks，Everyone has a congenital motivation for self -realization，I have the ability to make myself a fully active person，Growing into a real self。

　The contemporary effect in human science psychology

The mature German critical psychology in the 1980s，Taking the subjectivity of people as the foundation and starting point of scientific research，Gao Raid the "Subject Science Psychology" banner to carry out multi -dimensional reconstruction and return to the subjectivity of people。Soviet -Russian main psychology created in the 1990s，Place the person as the subject at the core of psychological research，From the subject of subject、Research objects、Research method、Multiple dimensions and levels of specific theoretical and practical applications of the theoretical reconstruction of people's subjectivity。Ethical psychology created in the early 21st century，Proposal in specific society、History、Culture and Life Background，Get rich subjective experience about people through adventure exploration、The meaning knowledge of real emotional experience and specific behavior strategies，Both admit Bet365 app download that the subject status of the researcher in the research process，Allow researchers to introduce their own subjective beliefs。

　　(This article is the "Description Psychology" (17FZX045) and "Jiangsu Social Sciences Youqing" scientific research funding project "New Era" Suitable 'Suitable' Udn Psychological Health Service System Construction Research Research "in the new era" Phaseral results)

(Author Unit: Nanjing Xiaozhuang College Psychological Health Research Institute、Nanjing Institute of Mental Health in the Minor of Minors)