The mobile bet365 as a hot topic in psychological research,Long-term attention of researchers。From behavioral experiments to brain imaging technologies such as EEG and magnetic resonance,Contemporary psychology researchers use different methods to study this time-honored concept。Under the influence of natural science orientation,The researcher manipulated various independent variables that were assumed to be related to the mobile bet365,Using a sophisticated computer program to present subjects with a sequence of words、Pictures and sounds,Trying to explore scientific truths about mobile bet365。However,This kind of natural scientific psychological research,No matter how exquisitely designed,What a superb statistical analysis method,Always lacks a clear and complete description of its research concepts。Therefore,The mission of rethinking the concept of "mobile bet365" can only be accomplished with the help of psychological positions outside mainstream psychology。
Psychoanalysis has been a non-mainstream psychological orientation since its birth,There has always been a unique and profound understanding of the concept of "mobile bet365"。As the founder of psychoanalysis,Freud took an irrationalist stance from the beginning,Based the entire psychoanalytic edifice on the "unconscious"。This profound "Copernican reversal" will undoubtedly drive human subjectivity and illusions of free consciousness to the bottom。Freud proposed the second topographic model of "id", "ego" and "superego" in his later years,The first topographic model to replace its "unconscious", "preconscious" and "consciousness"。It can be said,Psychoanalysis has since transitioned from its early drive paradigm to the development stage of the ego paradigm。
However,After Freud’s death,Psychoanalytic theorists disagree on the "mobile bet365",Two diametrically opposed views emerged。The first view was founded by Freud’s orthodox successor (his daughter) Anna Freud,Heinz Hartman was officially founded,mobile bet365-psychology further developed by Erik Erikson。If in Anna Freud,The ego is mainly responsible for defending against threats from Idi,And coordinate the conflict with the superego and external reality,Then at Hartmann's,By proposing the "conflict-free mobile bet365" and emphasizing the "independent origin" of the mobile bet365 (the mobile bet365 has an inner origin independent of the sexual instinct),He finally achieved the "de-driven" process of mobile bet365-generation。Such a non-conflicted and de-driven mobile bet365,No longer just has the function of "defending" various unconscious impulses from Idi,But it has a more active "adaptation" function,The mobile bet365 is thus given more autonomy。Hartmann’s work within psychoanalysis,Just like the functionalist psychology that emphasizes the adaptive function of the organism in the history of psychology,The disintegration and replacement of constructivist psychology that emphasizes psychological components。The concept of mobile bet365-identity proposed by Erikson,It also connects the mobile bet365 with the lifelong development of the individual。In addition,He also uses his own "adaptation" function to the outside world,Highlights the impact of social culture on the mobile bet365-development process。It should be said,Ego psychology caters to the functionalist and pragmatic tendencies in American culture,This is one of the reasons why it was born and developed in American soil。With the influence of the United States around the world after World War II,Ego psychology has become the mainstream of psychoanalysis,Once seized the right to speak in the International Psychoanalytic Association。Anyway,In ego psychology,The mobile bet365 is endowed with autonomous characteristics and positive meaning。
The development of things does not always seem to proceed in one direction,At a certain time node,There will always be different development trajectories。The object relations school of Melanie Klein and the structuralist psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan hold the second position on the mobile bet365,What the two theorists have in common is that they both explain the generation process of the mobile bet365 by introducing the dimension of “other”,And criticize mobile bet365-psychology accordingly。
Klein creatively proposed two positions in the psychological development of infants and mothers during the interaction: paranoid-schizoid position and depressive position。The baby does not first interact with the whole object of the complete mother,But it interacts with the object part of the mother’s breasts。For babies,When it feels hungry, thirsty and anxious,If mother’s breasts appear in time,The breasts are good at this time,The baby at this time is also good because he identifies with it;If the mother’s breasts are absent at this time,Then the breast and the baby identified with it are both bad。Babies at this time are not yet able to accept that some objects are sometimes good,And other times it’s bad,Thus in an either/or paranoid-schizoid position。In the following years,When the baby finally "awakens": "The good breast and the bad breast are actually the same breast,And this breast belongs to the object of mother”,The baby begins to worry that the previous hatred of bad breasts has caused irreparable damage to the mother,The baby at this time experiences a mixture of envy、Complex feelings of gratitude and guilt,The baby is in a depressed position at this time。And after this,The process of gradual integration of good objects and bad objects,It is also the process of gradual integration of the baby himself who identifies with it,Through complete identification with the object (or other) of the mother,The baby finally obtains a mobile bet365 that represents its own integrity。Therefore,In the Klein sense,mobile bet365 is born in relationship。
As after Freud,The most subversive psychoanalytic thinker and theorist,Lacan’s revolution in psychoanalysis was thorough and profound。The radical thing is that Lacan based his psychoanalytic theory on paranoia (rather than the neurosis that Freud based it on),And pass on Linguistics、The introduction of topology completely reconstructed psychoanalysis;The profound thing lies in Lacan’s theory of “mirror stage”,Pointed out the illusory nature of mobile bet365。Lacan’s entire psychoanalytic theory originated from this famous “mirror stage” theory,Origined from Lacan’s lifelong criticism of ego psychology based on this。The so-called mirroring stage refers to,When a 6-month-old baby sees his or her own image in the mirror,You will be attracted by your own appearance。However, it is different from the fate of Narkissos, the beautiful boy in Greek mythology, who was obsessed with his own reflection in the water and eventually drowned,At this time, an other person (father appeared next to the baby、Mother or other caregiver),The other points to the baby’s image in the mirror and says “This is you (or tells the baby’s name)”。The role of this other is extremely important,By the naming of others,Babies can finally get rid of their obsession with their own mirrors,And enter the world of what Lacan calls "symbols"。By linking the name of the linguistic dimension (the sound of the word) to the image in the mirror,The baby identifies with an image that unites its fragments,And accepted the name given to it by others。The product of this identification process is the mobile bet365。It is in this sense,Lacan said that the mobile bet365 is an illusion。
mobile bet365 does not exist,The mobile bet365 is constructed,The construction of mobile bet365 is inseparable from the pursuit of the gaze of others。Lacan introduced "optical diagrams" in later seminars,further explores the so-called “ideal mobile bet365”。In short,The ideal mobile bet365 is always pursuing the gaze of others staring at itself,mobile bet365 is looking for a suitable position that allows itself to catch the eyes of others,At the same time, in that position, one can be captured by the eyes of others。Different selves in real life,How can we ever escape the constraints of others’ gaze?In family relationships、In a superior-subordinate relationship、In an intimate relationship、Interpersonal communication,The mobile bet365 is always adjusting its position according to the gaze (requirements) of others,Strive to become the ideal mobile bet365 for others。mobile bet365 is shaped by the gaze of others,Become what others see as yourself。In a series of identification processes with different others,mobile bet365 is constantly divided again、Re-alienation,And constantly strive to become the object of desire for one after another。It can be seen from this,In the Lacanian sense,The so-called mobile bet365 is full of illusion and uncertainty。
Lacan referred to Freud’s famous saying “Wo Es war, soll Ich werden" is interpreted as "Where is Idi,That’s where I should go,This is my responsibility”。In the context of Lacanian psychoanalysis,The mobile bet365 does not have supreme autonomy and freedom at all。Compared to the concept of "mobile bet365",Lacan puts more emphasis on the importance of the concept of "subject"。In his opinion,The subject experienced a split during the mirror stage,The result of the split is the fundamental break between the mobile bet365 and the unconscious subject。When our consciousness is captured by mobile bet365-identity full of illusion,So we missed out on the more real unconscious subject (the unconscious subject here can be compared with Freud’s concept of Id)。And the broken unconscious subject,This is the truly significant discovery of Freud’s Copernican Revolution。It is external to the mobile bet365,But it affects and even controls one’s own activities to a great extent,Like the bottomless ocean under the iceberg。What is worth pondering,Today’s research in scientific psychology seems to be as narcissistic as Narcissus,Is addicted to the identification of mobile bet365-illusion,Only satisfied with the superficial research and discussion of oneself。Psychologists seem to have begun to forget the importance of studying the subject rather than just the mobile bet365,Or perhaps most of them are deliberately avoiding this philosophically speculative research question。Anyway,The result is a lack of depth in psychological research。Maybe,Today’s scientific psychological research needs the emergence of an “other” in the Lacanian sense,To break this narcissistic addiction to the mobile bet365-illusion constructed by technology and operational definitions,Regaining psychology with greater depth and meaning。
(mobile bet365 article is a phased result of the National Natural Science Foundation of China project "The impact of time perception on intertemporal decision-making in drug addicts and its cognitive mechanism" (31960185))
(Author’s Affiliation: School of mobile bet365, Northwest Normal University)
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