September 24, 2017，General Office of the CPC Central Committee、The General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Education System and Mechanisms"，Clearly stated that we should focus on training to support lifelong development、Key capabilities to adapt to the requirements of the times，The four key abilities that students need to possess are cognitive abilities、bet365 score ability、Innovative ability、Professional abilities。The American Alliance for 21st Century Learning also proposed the 4C model of core competencies for the 21st century，Including Critical Thinking、Creativity、Communication and Collaboration。For children and adolescents，bet365 score is a key ability in the field of learning，It is also an important way to interact prosocially and integrate into the group，Not only affects the quality of peer relationships，And affects the individual’s self-development and physical and mental health。However，Early social psychology research findings，Without special guidance，People tend to prioritize competition over bet365 score，This is related to concerns about lack of resources、Distrust of others、Mentalities such as seeking advantages in social comparison are closely related。In other words，Competition is an evolutionary instinct，And bet365 score requires the guidance of the day after tomorrow，Therefore，The cultivation of bet365 score ability is an urgent task in the current development of children and adolescents。

　Developmental characteristics of children and adolescents’ bet365 score abilities

and altruism、Sharing and other prosocial behaviors that are simply directed toward others are different，bet365 score emphasizes two-way attention to the needs or interests of oneself and others，It is a common activity between groups or individuals for a common goal or benefit，A behavior that promotes a result that benefits both oneself and others。According to Parks’ comprehensive model，Variables such as individual and cultural differences first affect the tendency to cooperate，Through motivation conversion and adjustment of decision-making situation characteristics，Ultimately affects the actual cooperative behavior between individuals and others。With the accumulation of bet365 score times，Individuals who frequently show willingness and behavior to cooperate are more likely to form a stable cooperative personality。Cooperative behavior is not solely driven by personal kindness or altruistic motives，You also need to consider the target positioning of the group、The other party’s intention to cooperate、Reciprocity and win-win situation between both parties as well as external situational pressure, etc.。This means that the psychological mechanism behind the bet365 score process is more complex，Therefore, the abilities required to complete bet365 score are also more diverse，Not just a well-intentioned release。

Collaborative ability refers to the ability of individuals to work effectively with different teams、The ability to respect each other。The individual demonstrates flexibility and initiative，Be able to make necessary compromises and concessions to achieve common goals，Share responsibility for collective work，Valuing the individual contributions made by team members。From a development perspective，There are obvious differences in the cognition and understanding of cooperative abilities among children and adolescents of different ages。In early childhood or lower grades of primary school，Good bet365 score is "two people doing things together"，Together is bet365 score，bet365 score motivation shows obvious relationship orientation；For children in the upper grades of primary school，Good bet365 score means completing tasks together through division of labor and bet365 score，bet365 score motivation shows obvious task orientation；For older teenagers，Good bet365 score is a mutually beneficial choice，Depends on whether individuals have a common goal，Contribute to the group together，And can benefit from bet365 score，The bet365 score motivation shows a relatively obvious fairness orientation。Based on different understandings of bet365 score，There are also differences in the bet365 score displayed by individuals of different age groups，Therefore，In the process of education，Need to be based on the actual cognitive level of children and adolescents，Design developmental bet365 score ability goals and cultivation plans。

　　Problems existing in the cultivation of bet365 score ability in the past

First，Attach importance to the transmission of the concept of bet365 score，Lack of cultivation of effective bet365 score ability。In previous cooperative education，Society、Schools and families have always paid more attention to the cultivation of bet365 score awareness and concepts，Emphasis on the importance of bet365 score，These efforts are effective。Multiple surveys show，Children and adolescents in my country generally have higher cooperative tendency scores，The average score is basically above 4 points，Presently skewed distribution。2015，Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) to Beijing、Shanghai、Jiangsu、Survey findings of 15-year-old students in four provinces and cities in Guangdong，More than 80% of students have a positive collaborative attitude，But only 6% of students have high bet365 score ability。The average score of Chinese students’ cooperative problem-solving ability ranks only 20th among the 51 countries and economies participating in the project。These data show，Although our country’s youth have a strong sense of bet365 score，But his performance in actual bet365 score is not outstanding，The past training model still has a lot of room for improvement。

Second，There is currently a lack of structural model that can reflect the dynamic development of children and adolescents’ cooperative abilities。Based on the principle of continuity and stages of development，The cooperative ability structure of children and adolescents of different ages should be different，Individuals of each age group have their own behavioral characteristics，This shows that the difference in bet365 score ability not only reflects the level difference (quantity)，Should also show structural differences (qualitative)。Therefore，The original single model structure and evaluation tool cannot accurately reveal the differences in the development process，It is also inappropriate to use adult standards to frame and evaluate children’s bet365 score level。For example，We believe that bet365 score should include common goals and mutual collaboration，Mutual collaboration includes division of labor and bet365 score。However，What is division of labor and bet365 score？Limited by cognitive level，Young children may not understand these abstract concepts，I don’t even know whether my behavior is division of labor or bet365 score，But this does not prevent them from cooperating in a way they define。

　Third，Currently most classroom cooperative learning in primary and secondary schools tends to be superficial and passive。1990s，Introduction of cooperative learning concepts and paradigms into the domestic education sector，Advocate to add some elements of cooperative inquiry into the teaching process。The direct result of "bet365 score" entering the classroom is，Primary and middle school students are not only familiar with the word bet365 score，And there are more and more opportunities for practical bet365 score。But as some scholars pointed out at the 2017 National Primary and Secondary School Classroom Reform Vane Annual Forum，There are currently six major pain points in cooperative learning: First, the virtualization of independent learning，The second is the lack of learning，The third is excessive bet365 score，The fourth is superficial bet365 score，The fifth is the utilitarianization of bet365 score，Sixth is the phenomenon of being cooperated。The result of superficiality is that form is greater than content，Limit "bet365 score" to "sitting together" to discuss the questions raised by the teacher，As short as a few minutes，Unable to carry out in-depth interactive learning，Therefore it seems "more than lively"、Not enough valid”。These group collaborations are often arranged according to the needs of teachers，Not students’ active participation，It is difficult to truly mobilize the vitality of students。

　Fourth，Cooperative education for young people should not just stop at the academic level，Need to involve a larger social perspective。During the response to the new coronavirus epidemic，Each individual faces a dilemma similar to the social public goods dilemma, one of the classic cooperative experimental paradigms，In fact, it is also a real test of social bet365 score。Social dilemma refers to the conflict between personal interests and group interests，Individuals must make a choice between maximizing personal interests and maximizing group interests。In the short term，Regardless of whether others in the group cooperate or not，Individuals who choose not to cooperate will gain more benefits than those who choose to cooperate，But if everyone chooses not to cooperate，Then the group interests will be harmed，In the end, the actual benefits received by individuals will also be reduced。As a community that may face more crisis tests in the future，How to deal with the conflict between the small self and the big self，Work together to overcome the difficulties，It is an important challenge that children and adolescents need to deal with，It is also a valuable opportunity to learn to solve problems from a social perspective。

　　Paths to improve the bet365 score ability of children and adolescents

bet365 score literacy is an individual’s ability to better complete bet365 score tasks、A set of knowledge applied and embodied to achieve team goals、Ability、A collection of characters and attitudes。As an important part，To improve the bet365 score ability of children and adolescents, the following paths can be considered。

First，Make full use of the school’s extracurricular and extracurricular resources，Integrate the cultivation of cooperative abilities into multi-disciplinary teaching and activities。Cooperative learning not only helps students understand each other，And it can stimulate students’ learning motivation。Cooperative learning is mostly task-oriented，This means the tasks are different，bet365 score objects and difficulty will change。If the partnership is of short duration，Then the positive impact on each member will be relatively short-lived。Therefore，It is recommended that each discipline collaborate to form a longer-term cooperative student peer group，This is for the goal achievement of the learning task、Improvements in peer relationships and mental health have sustained positive effects，It can also enhance the value of effective bet365 score and interaction for the growth of children and adolescents。

Secondly，Ensure students have appropriate time for physical activities，Promote group sports such as ball games or relays。Montak and Honey think，The essence of mental health is the ability to maintain and develop cooperative relationships。Integration into social groups is the main goal of children and adolescents’ development，It is also the core indicator to measure the success of socialization of children and adolescents。Group sports such as ball games can effectively promote positive behaviors among peers，Increase peer acceptance，bet365 score in sports can also bring many benefits to children and adolescents，If promoting moral self-discipline、Overcome self-centeredness、Develop problem-solving strategies, etc.。

AGAIN，Encourage parent-child bet365 score and interaction in the family，Enable children and adolescents to learn and master basic interpersonal communication and collaboration skills。The family environment of an only child and the social atmosphere that advocates competition are not conducive to the cultivation of children and adolescents' cooperative abilities，The lack of partners in the early growth environment is more likely to stimulate and strengthen children's self-centered tendencies。Therefore，Encourage more cooperative parent-child interactions in the family，By playing games、Storytelling and other activities provide children with more social skills training。

Finally，Encourage children and adolescents to participate in community volunteer activities or services。There are many real social dilemmas in social life，For example, donating blood、Tax payment、Garbage classification、Consciously wear a mask or stay at home during the epidemic，These behaviors can be converted into public contributions to society，Guarantee the maximization of social and group interests。Children and teenagers should be encouraged to sign up for community charity activities，Like book sharing、Exchange of old items、Served as a volunteer worker for community greening, etc.，Pay attention to the needs of those around you，Recognize the important value of group bet365 score，Break the cognitive limitations of "ego" and "self"，Promote healthy personality development。

(Author’s unit: Department of Psychology, bet365 score of Education, Shanghai Normal University)