King Solomon was one of the rulers of the ancient Israel Kingdom，Because it is good at analyzing some problems for others，and enjoy a high reputation in the entire kingdom，A model of being regarded as wisdom。Although Solomon shows wisdom when dealing with other people's affairs，But when dealing with your own affairs，He performed quite unknown。Professor Grossmann, a professor at the University of Waterloo, Canada, and Kross, a professor at the University of Michigan, named the above phenomenon as the Solomon Paradox，Meaning to solve the problem of self -problems，Individual is better at solving other people's problems。

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Grossman and Cross for the first time under the framework of interpersonal conflict to verify the Solomon paradox。They found，Compared to dealing with interpersonal conflicts that you encounter (hereinafter referred to as "self -conflict")，People show higher levels of smart reasoning capabilities when dealing with interpersonal conflicts (hereinafter referred to as "other people's conflict")。is when dealing with self -conflict，Individuals can often only pay attention to their own position、Viewpoint、Demand and interest，It is difficult to think about problems from different perspectives，I don’t want to make concessions and seek a compromise solution，Lack of foreseeable foreseeable future development，Pay attention to the cause and effect and interest relationship in front of you。These limited the individual's smart reasoning ability。The opposite of this，When dealing with the conflict of others，Individual can surpass your own position、perspective、The influence of subjective emotions，Acknowledge the limitations of self -knowledge (reasonable humility，Intellectual Humility)，willing to adopt a wider perspective cognition; can be aware of the uncertainty and dynamicity of the conflict，Loen the current conflict tend to look at the current conflict; it can form a solution flexibly according to the dynamic changes of the conflict，At the same time, it is inclined to seek a solution in the discount，to avoid further deterioration of conflicts。These can promote the individual's smart reasoning performance。

Actually，Solomon paradox is not a new research topic，In previous research, you can find the research theme that can perfectly summarize the phenomenon of Solomon's paradox — Research on the Research of Self -Decisions with others。Study on the rational differences between the relatively mature self -decision -making of self bet365 live casino games and others，belongs to the field of decision -making psychology。Liu Cuicui and others used to sort out related literature in 2013，It is found that this kind of research mainly focuses on the irrational behavior tendency of people in the two types of decisions of themselves and others，Including but not limited to losses and disgust (the sensitivity to losses is higher than the income of the same value)、Verifying bias (tend to support and have beliefs、Assumption or expected information)、Pre -decision distortion (solution information to support its own decision -making), etc.。This combing result is still established at the moment of ten years，At present, such research is still focused on people's irrational performance in two types of decisions。Solomon paradox research is more common in the field of wisdom psychology，Following the difference between the smart reasoning performance of people when dealing with self -conflict and others' conflict。These two research themes seem to be different，But smart reasoning behavior is actually a rational behavior，and people receive their own perspective、Positions and subjective emotions and other factors that cannot achieve wisdom reasoning is also an irrational decision。From this, it can be considered，Solomon's paradox also reveals the rational difference between self -decision -making and others，And the empirical results of Solomon's paradox and self -decision -making on others are similar，It is found that people are not good at solving their own conflicts or problems，and better to solve the conflict or problem of others。

　　Paradox mostly comes from self -centered

The cause of the paradox of Solomon，It can be roughly attributed to six points: Decision -making assumptions based on reason、Different perspective、The interaction of positive emotions and context self -transcendence、Self -constructing type、narcissistic personality characteristics、Intelligence and humility。At these six o'clock，In addition to the decision -making assumptions based on reason，The remaining five points are closely related to the concept of self-centeredness。Self -centers will cause people to immerse themselves in their own opinions and emotions，Ignore the important information in the situation and the different ideas provided by others，It is difficult to consider the perspective of others，and prefer to adhere to your own position。These will inhibit people's smart reasoning performance。For the reason for the last five points，First person -name bet365 Play online games perspective、Self -transcendence、High independent self、Gao Dian personality traits、Low wisdom and humility will lead to self -centered，and the third person's perspective、Self -transcendence、Gao Mutual Self、Light narcissistic personality traits、Gao Zhizhi and humility will promote self-centered (EGO-Decentering)，to promote smart reasoning performance。

First，Decision assumptions based on reason。Liu Cuicui and others proposed，The rational differences between self -decision -making from others from decision -making assumptions based on reason。specific is，According to the formula of general decision -making theory "Decision = Probability theory+Effective Theory"，When making decisions for others，In addition to paying attention to the maximization of decision -making results and positive emotions for others、To minimized losses and negative emotions，It is also necessary to consider how to explain the reasonableness of the decision -making to others。This is not just to enhance the persuasiveness and credibility of the plan，It is also to avoid responsibility and accusations when making mistakes。Comparison of comparison，When solving self -conflict or problems，Individuals do not need to clarify and clarify the formation process and reasons behind the decision -making plan。So，When deciding for others，People will be more cautious，More decision -making based on rational thinking rather than subjective emotions，Promote people's intelligence to solve the conflict or dilemma encountered。

2，Different perspective。Usually under the circumstances，When it involves its own conflict or problem，People mostly use the first -person perspective to think，Easy to fall into self -centered，Can't make smart reasoning behaviors。Different from this，When deciding for others，People mostly use third -person perspective，Psychological distance is far，can often surpass self -centered prejudice，Promote people's smart reasoning performance。Recent，When Chen Qing and others discuss different angles and decision -making performance differences in different angles and ways of thinking,，clearly proposed that although it is in self -decision -making，People have obvious perspective selection tendencies，But there is no corresponding relationship between the type of decision -making situation and the perspective of decision -making。The relationship between the two is，There is a first -person perspective and a third -person perspective in self -decision and decision -making for others，And the impact of decision -making perspectives of individual selection on decision results is important，Even the impact of decision -making results itself on the decision results is more significant。is when deciding for others，Although people mostly use a third -person perspective，But if other people's decisions involve close bet365 Play online games family members of the individual、partner or friend, etc.，or the individual has a high mind，Can feel the dilemma and challenges faced by others，or resonate with others on values ​​and common goals，Then individuals will have higher emotions and psychological involved，The perspective of decision -making will also gradually transfer from the perspective of the third person to the first person's perspective。So，It is difficult for individuals to maintain objective rationality，It is difficult to make wise decisions。At the same time，In decision -making involved in its own interests，If the individual can conflict it is facing、Dohaies and challenges are considered to be regarded as others to think and deal with，Using a third -person perspective，It is more likely to give higher quality solutions。Visible，This self -extracted cognitive operation，It can effectively achieve self -centered，Therefore, the performance difference between individuals in self -decision and decision -making of others，Reduce or even eliminate Solomon Paradox。

third，The common role of positive emotions and context self -transcendence。2022，Xu Wentao and others found through empirical research，A positive emotional differences experienced by individuals experienced in self -conflict and conflict of others，It will affect its situation self -surpassing level，It will then affect its smart reasoning performance。In other words，Positive emotions and context Self -transcendence played a chain intermediary role between the type of decision -making and smart reasoning。In the conflict situation of others，Individuals often experience strong positive emotional awakening、Weaker negative emotional activation，This effectively expands the individual's attention、Scope of cognition and action，and improved the individual cognitive flexibility，Promote individuals to form a cognitive mentality beyond self -cognitive，It can surpass its own perspective and emotional restrictions，Beyond your own position、perspective and interests。So，can effectively realize self -centered，Then improve the level of intelligent reasoning。On the contrary，In the situation of self -conflict，The degree of positive activation of individuals is low，Situation Self -Excellent level is suppressed，This shows a lower level of smart reasoning。

Fourth，Self -constructing type。An empirical study of Wei Xindong and Wang Fengyan in 2021 indicates，The type of self -conference of the individual plays a key role in Solomon's paradox。Specific words，Individuals of high independent self have a clear and clear self -boundary，Emphasize individual independence and personal interests，Bet365 lotto review Pay more attention to your own needs、Target and desire，Expressing a strong self -centered tendency in decision -making，It is difficult to objectively handle difficult problems related to self -related，Lead of Solo Men's paradox。Different from this，Individuals of high mutual self -relying on themselves will not face or less facing the problem of Solomon's paradox。This is because of，This type of individual has a more flexible self -boundary，Pay attention to the thoughts and interests of others，Low self -center，Therefore, when solving conflicts and problems related to itself，It can give a more wise decision plan for comparison。At the same time，Gao Yiyi self -individual will incorporate important others into the boundary，When dealing with the conflict and difficulties of others，It is troublesome to suffer from emotional emotion and subjective prejudice，So as to suppress the occurrence of smart reasoning behaviors。From this，The differences in the intelligent reasoning of self -decision and other people's decision -making are reduced，Solomon's paradox is weakened or even eliminated。other，Not only the characteristics of the individual depend on their own，I also found the same mode when activating the self -reliance of the individual，That is。

Fifth，The narcissistic characteristics of the individual。Wang Fengyan explicitly proposed in the book "Smart Psychology" published in 2022，Individual narcissistic personality traits also have an important impact on the appearance of Solomon paradox。Question or conflict occur in the individual itself，At this time, if the individual is too narcissistic，It will lead to infinite self -expansion，and decreased reflection ability，Lack of basic empathy。This is a typical expression of self -centered，Obstructing individual wisdom to solve the problem of self -esteem and lovers encountered by individual wisdom。

Sixth，Intelligence and humility。Except for narcissism，"Smart Psychology" also proposes another explanation of Solomon's paradox，Intelligent and humble。According to the article "Prediction Factors and Impacts of Intelligence and Humidity" published by the Groasman team，Intelligence and humility refers to the limitations and errors of individuals who can recognize their own knowledge and viewpoints。Question or conflict occur in the individual itself，At this time, if the individual lacks wisdom and humility，It is difficult to realize your limited nature，It is difficult to respect and accept others。So，Individuals will not think about problems from other perspectives，Instead, the preferences of your own perspective increased，At this time, it is easy to fall into self -centered，Cause Solomon's paradox。

　　Self -centered: Cracking the Paradox Road

bet365 best casino games In addition to the assumptions of reason，Self -centers are the core causes of the Solomon paradox。Because of self -centered，People cannot reasonably deal with the conflict or problems they encounter。So，When considering how to crack the Solo Men's paradox，You can directly cut in from the perspective of self -centered。In self -decision，If you can go to self -centered，It can improve the quality of decision -making to a certain extent，Weaken or even eliminate Solo Men's paradox。

First，The angle of the long -distance observer is adopted。When facing the dilemma or life incident that is closely related to itself，The perspective of a long -distance observer can be adopted，From the identity of the authorities, get rid of it，Treat the dilemma or difficulty that belongs to your own as a dilemma or problem encountered by others。This self -decentralized cognitive mentality，Can effectively suppress or even get rid of the interference of the subjective emotions and cognitive bias of the individual，Promoting individual wisdom performance。Not only that，This mentality can also stimulate individuals to produce new insights、solution and creative thinking，Then give a more wise decision plan。

Second，Actively seeking opinions and opinions of others。When dealing with conflicts or problems related to itself，The individual is before giving the final decision，Can be held different stances、Those who think and opinions actively communicate and dialogue，and analyze the logic and argument behind them。Taking the idea of ​​others as radiation，It is easier for individuals to leave the current situation，Review and adjust your thoughts from the perspective of outsiders、perspective and position，To improve the quality of decision -making。

Last，Make self -drawing reflection。When solving your own conflict and problems，Persist in self -drawing reflection instead of self -immersive reflection，Continue to examine whether there is cognitive prejudice and subjective bias in continuous review of their own views and positions，Examine whether your emotional and emotional state affects the objectivity of decision -making，Check whether your own thinking process is in line with logic、Considering all relevant factors, etc.。Through these reflection processes，The psychological distance between individuals can be far away from the current situation，helps to identify and correct its own cognitive bias、Subjective tendency、Emotional Emotional Devices、Logic errors and decision -making vulnerabilities，to improve the quality of self -decision。It is generally considered，People can guide individuals to make self -drawing reflection on their own decision -making process bet365 Play online games in the following ways: one，Questions for targeted。For example，Have you fully collected available information? Do you take into account the position and ideas of others in the conflict situation when you decide?，Actively challenge your own decision -making basis、Thinking logic、perspective and position, etc.，Find the possible errors and inconsistencies in it。Its three，Multi -dimensional thinking。Try to review your own decision -making behavior from different angles，Take into account the opinions and interests of others and others，Taking into account the long -term and short -term validity of decision -making，To avoid the limitations of thinking。These methods can effectively promote individuals to actively reflect，Then improve the quality of self -decision。

　　(This article is the cultural differences of Solomon's paradox and its cognitive neural mechanism "(31971014) in the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971014)

(The author is a doctoral student at the School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University; professor at the School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University)