After more than 20 years of development，Citizen bet365 refer a friend code is now a field of research and practice、A participatory research method。However，Existing citizen bet365 refer a friend code projects and related research mainly focus on the field of natural sciences，There are few projects involving humanities and social bet365 refer a friend code topics and methods。Some scholars proposed，Although the combination of citizen bet365 refer a friend code and humanities and social sciences has not yet become mainstream and faces some challenges，But it should be promoted and promoted，Because this will help enrich scientific research methods，Enhance the social influence of scientific research work。

　Citizen bet365 refer a friend code focuses on the field of natural bet365 refer a friend code

Citizen bet365 refer a friend code broadly refers to the active participation of the general public in scientific research tasks，Activities that work with scientists to generate new scientific and social knowledge。Although laypeople have been involved in scientific research for centuries，But the term “citizen bet365 refer a friend code” first appeared and became popular in the 1990s，Get bet365 refer a friend code later、Policy、Widely recognized by education and all sectors of society。Since the early 21st century，Significant growth in academic literature on citizen bet365 refer a friend code，Top international academic journals such as "bet365 refer a friend code" and "Nature" have also presented the development status of citizen bet365 refer a friend code。Also，American Citizen bet365 refer a friend code Association、European Citizen bet365 refer a friend code Association、The Australian Citizen bet365 refer a friend code Association and other institutions have been established，The American Citizen bet365 refer a friend code Association also founded the journal "Citizen bet365 refer a friend code - Theory and Practice"。

Despite significant progress，But citizen bet365 refer a friend code still takes natural bet365 refer a friend code as the “main battlefield”，Not yet “established” in the mainstream humanities and social sciences。A survey conducted in 2016 on European countries by Aletta Bonn, a professor at the German Center for Integrated Biodiversity Research and others，More than 80% of citizen bet365 refer a friend code projects occur within the life sciences and natural sciences disciplines，Humanities and social sciences programs account for only 11%。

Jörg Matthes, Professor of Communication at the University of Vienna, Austria ( Mathes) and Raffael Heiss, lecturer at the Management Center in Innsbruck, Austria，There is a reason why citizen bet365 refer a friend code has developed slowly in the social sciences。In the field of natural sciences，After the scientific institutionalization process begins，Volunteers continue to collect data on natural phenomena，And follow a clear positivist line，i.e. collecting data about real-world phenomena，These data exist independently of human knowledge。Opposite，Social bet365 refer a friend code originated from philosophy，Focus on norms；In terms of theoretical contributions，His scientific discourse is elite-centered、Highly personalized。From this perspective，There is less space for public participation in social sciences。

thereafter，How data should be collected and analyzed has become a hotly debated topic among social scientists。Some scholars advocate the adoption of a naturalistic model，Believe that the observation of human beings can also follow the principles of natural bet365 refer a friend code。This view has been questioned by traditional scholars of hermeneutics，The latter believes that the world is constructed based on human perception，Must be analyzed through the process of elaboration。Objectivity and authenticity have thus become controversial concepts in the social sciences，When professionals cannot agree on the basic research process，It is difficult for the public to participate。

Loreta, associate researcher at the Department of Management and Organization, Hanken School of Economics, Finland ）、Katrin Vohland, Director and CEO of the Natural History Museum in Vienna, Austria, and others published a paper "Citizen bet365 refer a friend code in the Social Sciences and Humanities: Interdisciplinary Research" in "Nature" magazine in 2020 strength"。They used a comprehensive integration approach to analyze citizen bet365 refer a friend code cases involving humanities and social sciences in the existing scientific literature，Focus research on the role of citizens、Project objectives and methods、Citizens’ tasks and gains in the project，In order to understand the role and potential of humanities and social sciences in citizen bet365 refer a friend code practice。

In this research project examining citizen social bet365 refer a friend code，Most projects combine 2-3 disciplines to answer research questions，Therefore it is obviously interdisciplinary，But less involved in social bet365 refer a friend code theory。Research results show，The connection between humanities and citizen bet365 refer a friend code is relatively underdeveloped，But this connection is important for identity formation、Community Building、Knowledge and skill acquisition、Improving academic literacy is helpful。Humanities researchers use citizen bet365 refer a friend code as a tool，Social scientists are more interested in studying citizen bet365 refer a friend code。

　Citizen social bet365 refer a friend code faces three challenges

Taojinyeni told this reporter，It is currently difficult to comprehensively and systematically describe the theories and methodologies of citizen social bet365 refer a friend code and citizen humanities，Because this field is still in its infancy。A major challenge facing citizen social bet365 refer a friend code and citizen humanities is data quality，However，A growing body of research highlights the value of high-quality data provided by non-expert citizens。Non-expert citizens and scientists contribute equally，Profits should also be shared、Get feedback。Addressing these challenges requires more effort at the management level，Encourage scientists to collaborate with non-expert citizens。

Proposed by Mattes and Hayes，Citizen social bet365 refer a friend code faces three key challenges。First，It is difficult to mobilize target groups。A sufficient number of participants and their mobilization is one of the key prerequisites for the success of civil society bet365 refer a friend code projects。There are already many enthusiast groups in the field of natural bet365 refer a friend code，They are the “perfect” target group for citizen bet365 refer a friend code projects，There are also a large number of popular bet365 refer a friend code books introducing the research goals、Method、Result。Citizen bet365 refer a friend code project participants can perform the same operations at different times and locations，This makes them feel that they have actually contributed very useful knowledge。The research methods and results of social sciences are not so clear and easy to understand。In fact，Social bet365 refer a friend code results are highly dependent on research background，And often controversial，Sometimes it’s even hard to copy。

Second，Data quality is a core challenge for citizen bet365 refer a friend code，This is especially true for citizen social bet365 refer a friend code。Natural bet365 refer a friend code can objectively observe research objects with the help of technical equipment，Social bet365 refer a friend code relies much more heavily on human observation，And human observation can be biased。Social bet365 refer a friend code research is often directly related to sensitive issues in politics and social systems，Certain groups and stakeholders may increase bias in data collection。Therefore，To ensure data quality for citizen social bet365 refer a friend code，The observation process should not be too complicated，Participants need clear instructions and guidance，The observation process should also be made as free from the influence of the personal characteristics of the participants as possible。

　Third，The public plays an active role in the data production process，It will also involve data sharing and intellectual property rights、Ethical issues such as conflicts of interest。This is because social sciences are closely related to people，The ethical risks of data sharing are much higher than those of natural bet365 refer a friend code。As a professional scientist，Need to abide by the scientific research ethics code，Report your research methods to the ethics review committee，However, the ethical standards for citizen bet365 refer a friend code participants are currently unclear。These factors hinder the development of citizen bet365 refer a friend code in the social sciences。

　Integrating citizen bet365 refer a friend code and social bet365 refer a friend code

Taojinyeni said，Citizen social bet365 refer a friend code has emerged in the interdisciplinary research spotlight in recent years。By co-creating knowledge and solving social problems with social scientists、Culture、Economic and other issues，Citizen bet365 refer a friend code increases public trust in social bet365 refer a friend code knowledge。The contributions of non-expert citizens in citizen social bet365 refer a friend code and citizen humanities vary，Depending on the individual citizen’s interest and role in a particular study。Most commonly non-expert citizens are invited to participate in some stage of the research，Sometimes they participate in multiple stages or even the entire process。

Research by Taoginyeni and Wallander et al.，The research topics of citizen social bet365 refer a friend code are mainly driven by social needs。Citizen social bet365 refer a friend code research methods include traditional literature review、Online or offline survey、Semi-structured interview、Focus Group、Content Analysis，There are also more creative and innovative digital stories、Action Research、Social Dilemma Game、Crowdsourcing。Citizens generally participate in research through digital channels，There is also a more direct way。The conceptual framework of social bet365 refer a friend code helps people increase the dimension of trusting non-expert knowledge。

The research issues of citizen humanities are more macroscopic、Abstract，Mostly use quantitative research methods，Example Case Study、Literature Review、Content Analysis、Online survey、Interview、Historical Document Research。Citizens via social networks、Social media engagement research。The reason for introducing citizen bet365 refer a friend code into the humanities is that citizens are also the subjects of the humanities，They can help preserve important historical materials，Also facilitates access to unpublished materials and knowledge about specific regions scattered around the world。

Taojinyeni said，current，The humanities and social sciences have low visibility and recognition in interdisciplinary citizen bet365 refer a friend code projects，But the combination of the two will unlock huge potential across a wide range of problem areas。If the deep thinking and interdisciplinary skills of the humanities and social sciences were better utilized，This will greatly promote the sustainable development of citizen bet365 refer a friend code。In addition，Social bet365 refer a friend code methodologies and skills should be utilized，To understand the motivations and learning processes of citizen bet365 refer a friend code participants，To enhance their self-efficacy，Improving project results and impact。

Matters and Hayes said，Citizen bet365 refer a friend code projects are improving innovation、There is huge potential in collecting large-scale data，Contributes to solving important scientific and social problems，Social bet365 refer a friend code can help understand the human-related aspects of various scientific issues。And，Expert Interview、Diary Research、Some common social bet365 refer a friend code research methods such as experience sampling method are also suitable for citizen bet365 refer a friend code。Therefore，More scientific research projects should be encouraged to combine citizen bet365 refer a friend code with social bet365 refer a friend code，Learn through trial and error at the same time，Make social bet365 refer a friend code research methods and topics more “visible and tangible”。