From the second half of the 20th century，Especially in the past 50 years，The proportion of manufacturing in the economy of western developed countries is reduced。Deindustourization caused people to deeply worry，But it seems to bring hope to welcome new opportunities for economic development，The prediction of the transformation of the economic structure from the industry to the service industry has become a controversial topic for sustainability。Max Planck Institute of Social Research, Germany, Timur Ergen recently published an article "The Facts and Fictions of Industrialization" on the official website of the Institute，Reviewing the public discussion of Western Society about post-indass society，To understand the impact of social power structure and conflict on opinion on future scenarios。

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Starting in the late 1970s，Industrial manufacturing activities in Western developed countries are considered to end。A popular view at that time was，The industries that are not included in the country's low labor cost will gradually be automated，Until the West, the industrial society slowly formed。But from the beginning of the 21st century，Many scholars will associate industrialization with various problems in Western society，For example，Right -wing political forces rise in the UK and the United States、Regional gap expansion、Unemployment Bet365 lotto review income increase、Production rate growth decrease、Climate policy encounter political obstacles。It can be said，The impact of de -industrialization and its impact is considered an important reason for threatening the stability of capitalist society。

Before the financial crisis in 2008，The transformation of economic structure in Western developed countries is regarded as completely positive，Even as a kind of post -capitalist utopian。In this wishes，From field labor to mechanized production to computer programming，It can be regarded as a structural transformation that is followed by trend，The decline of the manufacturing industry will help alleviate class contradictions and lack of resources in the capitalist society。But，Stand back to history at the moment，We will find，This is a very naive "progress" concept，Professor of Economic and Social History of By Royter University in Germany, Jan-OTMAR Hesse, referred to it as "the dinosaur of the modernization theory"。

People in the capitalist society have deep hope for the transformation of the economic structure，Also with deep fear，This makes it a future scene with high political controversy in capitalist society。Starting from the 1970s，In every trade conflict that occurs in a capitalist society，Industries facing threats are trying to declare that they are "indispensable for the future of the country's manufacturing industry";，Reform advocates are "modern" industrial singing songs that are about to take off and benefit the people in the short term。Pessy despair narrative centered on industrialization or promise to update，All bet365 live casino games social controversy related to future outlook in capitalist society。The interaction between different interpretations of real experience and scientific observation results，and political and economic controversy defined by "post -industrial society"，Is a typical response to the future in the future of a capitalist society。

　　After the industrial era, the structure of the industrial era is more complicated

In the first half of the 20th century，From New Zealand、UK、Three Economists in France -Allan Fisher (Allan Fisher)、Colin Clark and Jean Fouracié (the Three-SECTOR MODEL)，Divide the economy into the first industry (agriculture、Forestry、Fisheries、Animal Husbandry)、Second Industry (Processing Industry、Manufacturing、Construction Industry)、Third Industry (Service Industry)。This classification method is widely adopted worldwide，laid the foundation。According to structural transformation theory，The transfer of economic focus from the first industry to the second industry to the third industry is a benign development，Because structural transformation is often accompanied by productivity increase，and people's quality of life、Education level and labor skills; the tertiary industry of developed countries should occupy a dominant position in the national economy。

but but，Three industrial classification methods have its limitations。History，The development trajectory of many countries sometimes deviates from the above "three -stage"。For example，Japan has experienced a long period of labor that is concentrated in agriculture; the service industry has appeared in the service industry bet365 Play online games of the American industrialization period; in recent decades，The number of industrial employment in Germany remains stable。and，Three industrial classification method is a very abstract framework，But social reality is much more complicated，Many economic activities are intertwined -Does the financial department of mechanical manufacturing companies belong to the service industry? R & D in the modern agricultural industry chain、Storage and transportation、What industry does it belong to the sales and other links? From the eyes of many scholars，Three industrial classification methods are difficult to accurately describe the economy of the 21st century，The structural transformation of the post -industrial era may not have a simple mode。

Since the late 1990s，A common point of view in the social science community is，The importance of the manufacturing industry of a rich country for employment and added value is slowly but stable，The main reason is the change of consumer model、Economic Globalization、Production rate growth of manufacturing in developed countries。but，This does not mean that the manufacturing industry will quickly disappear。From the 19th century to the present，Specific Enterprise、Industry、Region、The rise and fall of the industrial cluster is not uncommon for more than。In the middle period，Displacement between the economic departments and the internal departments (Displacement) and the pioneering structural transformation cannot be the same as on the same day。

　　De -industrialization is "social construction"

If you want to analyze the social response of industrialization from bet365 live casino games the perspective of sociology，It is not enough to consider only the economic theory of structural transformation。When a region lost tens of thousands of employment in just a few years，People naturally feel that de -industrialization is a violent subversion。This subversion often shaped the social environment that predicts the future of industrial society，It will affect political and economic disputes。Transforming the post -industry as a concept of social construction in the future and tracking its trajectory，helps to understand the formation dynamic of social expectations。The policy change of the US corporate tax (Corporate Tax) in the 1980s is an example。

After World War II，Capital -intensive enterprises of members of the Organization Organization generally enjoy tax benefits。1981，The U.S. government has passed the "Economic Revolution Taxation Act" with great tax reduction，It aims to encourage the reinvestment of manufacturing in the struggle，Stimulate economic growth。1986，The U.S. government terminates tax discounts on capital -intensive enterprises，Equivalent to publicly reverse the eyes with the powerful manufacturing interest group。Drive this break is a small business、The number of industrial population is small and decentralized states、New alliance consisting of "American society is trapped in outdated industrial structure"。From this，De -industrialization has changed from a threat to traditional industries to future development trends。

At the same time，Trade representatives of American industrial enterprises have warned the US government，The United States will bet365 Play online games degenerate into "the country of the burger booth"。To repel this "industrial recession theory"，1986，The U.S. government has passed the Tax Reform Act，It is said that "the weak old economy has been replaced by young and powerful 'progressive locomotives'，It is full of new jobs、higher income and opportunities "。During this period，Americans' predictions for future predictions are based on arguments about danger and hope，The economic structure transformation that has been deviated from the facts。Similar dynamics are found in many aspects of economic policy，The changes in power structure and social alliance accompanied by different prediction paradigms in the future。Since the 1970s，Conflict between consolidating the conflict between the old industry and the new industry is full of tax、Education、Labor Market、Trade、Scientific Research and Technology Development、Market competition and many areas。

In the past ten years，The future social controversy of the manufacturing industry is fierce again。After the financial crisis in 2008，Western developed countries generally have begun to question whether the government should supervise the economic development model，Forced requirements existing industrial structure adapting to whether technological changes are within the scope of government authority，Should the government do this? To what extent should social resources be used to maintain the existing industrial structure?、Establishing connection and creation space for new economic fields，What is the need for? These issues have caused the controversy of the future economic growth model of the capitalist society。