2017，William Macaskill, a philosopher at Oxford University in the United Kingdom, proposed "long -termism"，Actively affecting the future should be the most worthy of the current social attention。This concept obtained a like -minded philosopher and the recognition of the supporters of the "Effective Protocol" movement。Effective altruism is committed to using analysis and reasoning，Think about how to maximize the benefits of limited resources from all levels of life to improve the world，Long -termism is closely related to altruism。

Recent，The concept of long -termism has jumped from the discussion within the scope of philosophy to the content of the public news headlines。August 2022，Mike Astil published a long -term book "What are we under the future"，Very wide attention from all walks of society。November 2022，Long-term supporter, Sam Bankman-FRied's company closed，This has made long -termism get more media focus。

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Mike Askier initially actively advocated effective altruism，That is to maximize the use of rational and empirical methods to maximize the use of time and money to help others。In the process of taking practical actions to help improve the world，He has an idea: Future people are very important，This is the core of the concept of long -termism。He said，Long -termism is not just an abstract concept。Just like people's decisions may have a lifetime impact，The decision -making made by human beings this century will also affect the long -term future of human beings。Long -termism believes，The challenges facing humanity in the future may affect the trajectory Bet365 app download of human civilization，Because of this，People should put their vision on the length of the entire human destiny to deal with challenges。

Mike Askill said，Many social movements are fighting for more rights for members of vulnerable society，Effective favors are equal at the space level，No matter where people are，Pay attention to their well -being equally。Long -termism extended this thinking to time，When people are，Follow their well -being at the same way。People care about climate change、The effect of radioactive nuclear waste and resource depletion，Not only because of these problems, it affects the life of human contemporary，Also because they have affected the life of descendants of human beings。

He said，Although human history is long，But from the perspective of human destiny，We may just stand at the starting point of history。So，We must first ensure that humans have the future，Secondly, it is necessary to ensure that this future is beautiful。There are many ways to promote sustainable development in history，Guidance from the planting of trees -planting to forestry moral value，The impact of these measures has continued to this day，Today we still need to continue to take active measures to shape a better future。

For this，He proposed，The first step is to reduce the risk of human extinction。Human beings must ensure that future generations still have opportunities to survive，Unreasonable actions will lead to human extinction。One of the biggest threats currently comes from epidemic disease，The epidemic makes people fully recognize the harm of infectious diseases。Mike Askill thinks，Human beings continue to invade natural habitats，This increases the risk of the disease from animals to humans，The possibility of infectious diseases in the future will be greater。Forecast，More than 95%of the world ’s population in this century Bet365 lotto review dies from the risk of infectious diseases than death in the fire、The total probability of drowning and murder。So，Long -termism advocates think，You can take action now to reduce the corresponding risk，For example, scholars at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States have begun to develop virus observation engineering and disinfection equipment for human safety。

Despite the rapid development of biotechnology，Humans can develop the corresponding vaccine，Protecting the human body from disease -free violations，But Mike Askir still emphasizes the risk of technology development。For example，The development of biotechnology also allows humans to be able to create new pathogens，Become a biological weapon with huge destructive power。Artificial intelligence is also an example he often mentioned，Future artificial intelligence may surpass humans，Therefore, people are trying to ensure the security of the artificial intelligence system。For example，Professor Stuart Russell, a scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, founded the human compatible artificial intelligence center，Ensure that artificial intelligence is consistent with the goals of human beings。

The second step is to promote the booming of the future civilization，This goal can be achieved by improving social values。Historically activists and thinkers，has been fighting for democracy、Social movements such as the rights of colored races and women's election，Progressing at the values ​​level。We can continue to improve on this basis，Leave a better world for the descendants。

The concept of long -termism is being recognized by more people，More and more people are willing to donate to business that is conducive to future generations.，There are also mainstream foundations began to deal with priority and shape a better future bet365 live casino games related items。The United Nations released the report of "Our Common Affairs" in 2021，Proposal "It's time to plan long -term measures，Delivery more results for young and descendants，Make better preparation for future challenges "，and propose to hold the "Future Summit"，Follow the future generation。

There are also many higher education institutions and scholars who have joined the research of long -termism，The question of scholars' research focuses on how to reduce the risks that may face the future，Including "How long does artificial intelligence develop from human development to higher than humans? What is the next step?" "" "How to effectively deal with risks?" "", Etc.。Mike Askir said，We have the responsibility to answer these questions correctly，Leave a beautiful and fair world for future generations，A world that can prosper and prosper in the coming millions of years。

　　Following the future full of controversy

Associate Professor Katie Steele, an associate professor at the Department of Philosophy of the National University of Australia, said，Long -termism and effective altruism，Generally targeted、Action -oriented action，Dedicated to help humans avoid a specific risk in the future，They are also controversial because of this。

Professor Eric Schwitzgebel, a professor at the Department of Philosophy of the University of California Riverside, questioned long -termism。He thinks，Future risk is difficult to predict，Nuclear war worried by long -termism advocates、Artificial Intelligence、Infectious diseases and other problems，It was completely difficult to imagine a century ago，Similarly, we may not be reliable for the prediction of the crisis that will face the next century now。So，He thinks，Compared to paying attention to the distant future，Follow the current and recent future more reasonable。bet365 Play online games He said: "In Confucian ethics，People should be most concerned about close relatives，Followed by distance，Then is a neighbor，Then there are more wider compatriots ... the same，I will be very concerned about the society and world I live in now，I am very concerned about the world of my century after my death，and the concern of the world in 10,000 or even millions of years later is much less。”

Schwitzgbeel said，One of the risks of long -termism is to pay too much attention to the extremely distant future，Because this may cause the current people's needs and interests to be ignored。Stur also raised similar questions，That is, a chance to help 1. trillion people in the future，and a thing that can definitely help one billion people now help one billion people，Which thing is better? When life is threatened，Appropriate risk avoidance is an important philosophical problem，This involves the authoritative issue of prediction: we must take a response to potential disasters，But how much is the probability of it happened?

About this，Mike Askir Explanation，At present, the energy and resources of humans in promoting a better future prospects account for only a small part，For example，The annual budget of the "Prohibition of Biological Weapons" is not as good as the average income level of McDonald's restaurant。Due to the current attention of human interest in the interests of future generations，Therefore, as long as the social attention increases slightly，It is enough to have the impact of reform。More importantly，Prepare for a long -term future，It is also good in the short term。For example，Now to study how to prevent and treat epidemic diseases for the future，It can also save the lives of modern people; using clean energy helps to alleviate future climate change，It also reduces the number of people who died every year from fossil Bet365 app download fuel -related air pollution，and this number can reach 3.6 million people per year。

　　Letting philosophy thinking becomes everyone's affairs

Steir said，Although the future potential threats proposed by long -termism are not day and night，But still need to be cautious when prediction，That is to say, if the long -termism predicts the threat that may face the future, it is light and it is，will inevitably lead to extensive criticism。She added，The measures proposed by long -termism are clearly pointed to a specific threat，So the relevant initiative should be more cautious，Because the strategy that often indirectly specifies may better improve the ability of the world to deal with future challenges。For example，Promoting human unity、Strengthen the construction of international institutions。

She also proposed，There are many interesting and inquiry guidelines in long -termism，Its novelty is not in the guidance of what measures to take，and in prompting people to reflect on the reasons behind the decision。The core principle of effective altruism is，No matter how hard we have made to maximize the common interests，We should all do more good things as possible，Long -termism is the same。The final decision of these theories may make some people agree with，But it will also make some people feel violated common sense。Stell Suggestion，This is a good opportunity，It can make wider people start reflecting on how to look at a specific decision，How to analyze the morality and experience support behind it，Whether there are better choices on the basis of these evidence support。Steir said，Philosophers when thinking about problems，Habits to consider from extreme scenarios，People’s philosophical reflection can be supplemented by philosophers for thinking。

Long -termist movement presents extreme future threats to people，Let bet365 Play online games people realize that these problems are closely related to themselves，So as to promote people to start active philosophical reflection。Currently human beings are facing many crises，such as climate change and large -scale loss of biological diversity，The time left for humans to deal with these problems is not enough。Long -termism promotes people to take the initiative to think of philosophy，It helps people to better understand the significance of threats and decisions facing the current and future humans。