In recent years，Health Worldwide、Climate、Energy and other problems occur frequently，bet365 ohio promo code discoveries are highly relevant to daily life，People from all over the world can be more intuitive through news media or other channels、Conveniently understand bet365 ohio promo code discoveries related to yourself，At the same time, you can also express your opinions on bet365 ohio promo code discoveries more directly。In this environment，The news media has changed its usual practice of disseminating bet365 ohio promo code research findings in the public space。Meanwhile，Scholars of natural sciences and social sciences also regard it as their responsibility to spread correct bet365 ohio promo code news。Revolving around how scientists actively fulfill their bet365 ohio promo code communication obligations、Promote the spirit of science、Improving national bet365 ohio promo code literacy and other issues，Our reporter interviewed relevant foreign scholars。

　Scientists help the media communicate bet365 ohio promo code

Preprint refers to bet365 ohio promo code researchers for the purpose of peer communication，Voluntary publication on the Internet has not been peer-reviewed、Unpublished bet365 ohio promo code research works。During the epidemic，Academia and media have increased reprinting and reporting on preprints。Luisa Massarani is a science communicator at the National Institute of Public Communication of Science and Technology in Brazil。2021，Masarani et al. investigated from European regions、North America、Latin America、Asia Pacific、Middle East and North Africa、Reporting on the epidemic by 633 science journalists in Sub-Saharan and South Africa。Research shows，67% of journalists in the United States and Canada and 69% of journalists in Europe and Russia reported on preprints during the epidemic。

said Alice Fleerackers, a researcher at the Academic Communication Laboratory at Simon Fraser University in Canada，More and more journalists are turning to preprints as a more accessible source of novel bet365 ohio promo code research during the epidemic。Preprints allow journalists to bypass lengthy peer review，Timely dissemination of the latest bet365 ohio promo code discoveries，Relieving people’s sense of urgency about the crisis。However，If the reporter’s angle of analyzing the preprint deviates from the scientist’s original research intention，Not only misrepresents bet365 ohio promo code research information，It will also cause serious public consequences。

To explore how the epidemic is changing journalist searches、How to verify and disseminate bet365 ohio promo code research preprints，And how scientists can fulfill their new responsibilities in communicating science，Flierank and others against Canada in March 2021、Interviews with 19 journalists covering health and science news in the United States and Europe。Flierank discovered，Most journalists lack the expertise to verify research that has not yet been peer-reviewed。Verified by different media organizations、Varying approaches and standards for clarifying and disseminating preprints。Admittedly，Some journalists strive to practice information verification standards in bet365 ohio promo code journalism，For example, inviting third-party scientists to objectively judge preprint research。But，Many journalists work to meet deadlines of hours or days，Greatly reduced the steps to verify bet365 ohio promo code research results。Flierank thinks，Some journalists confuse the definitions of preprint and formal research，Not to mention deliberately reminding readers of the difference between the two in the context。

During the epidemic，The public is correct、The need for bet365 ohio promo code information directly relevant to policy，Let more scientists realize the importance of personally participating in bet365 ohio promo code research reporting。Flierank discovered，The interviewed journalists hope that bet365 ohio promo code researchers will play the role of educators or explainers，Allow reporters to follow interviews。However，Contribution of bet365 ohio promo code researchers to bet365 ohio promo code research reports，It’s not just as simple as adding context or legitimizing research by serving as an “information source”。Flierank’s observation，The new collaboration model between scientists and journalists is more like a partnership with a common goal of serving the public。This job requires scientists to understand journalists’ deadlines；Use academic background to help reporters verify their science reports；In research methods、Avoid jargon or hype in discovery, etc.。In addition，Researchers should also fully consider the social impact of research，Especially in relation to public needs。

Flierank talks，Facing the politicization and fragmentation of the Western media ecosystem，Scholars from different cultures and regions need to unite，Thus accurately disseminating more valuable bet365 ohio promo code information；The healthy development of society depends on this。Therefore，Flierank Appeal，Scientists should be happy to help the media disseminate correct bet365 ohio promo code information，Work with reporters to establish reporting styles and standards for preprints，Open up more cross-industry cooperation，While strengthening the popularization of science among all citizens，Reducing the risks associated with preprint reporting。

　　Update national bet365 ohio promo code quality measurement indicators

Yaela N, a researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia. Golumbic）Proposed，Non-scientist groups in daily communication and speaking on the Internet，Often unable to understand clearly、Correctly understand bet365 ohio promo code concepts。2017，Discovered by Priti Shah, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, and others，In addition to mastering objective bet365 ohio promo code evidence，Personal beliefs、Expectations and emotions also influence public health in their lives、Decisions on issues such as nutrition and vaccination。Therefore，It is important to think about how people come into contact with bet365 ohio promo code concepts and apply bet365 ohio promo code information from a public perspective。

Western academic circles invented the concept of "bet365 ohio promo code literacy" in the 1950s，It refers specifically to situations such as daily life and civil issues，The temperament and knowledge that individuals possess to achieve bet365 ohio promo code participation。But previous bet365 ohio promo code literacy surveys focused on assessing the public’s bet365 ohio promo code knowledge reserves and views on bet365 ohio promo code issues，Neglected to measure public understanding and use of bet365 ohio promo code information。Baruch Fischhoff, a professor in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University in the United States, and Caitlin Drummond, a postdoctoral researcher, think，The ability of "bet365 ohio promo code reasoning" is everyone's understanding of bet365 ohio promo code methods、Prerequisites for evaluating the quality of bet365 ohio promo code research，Is an integral part of the National Survey on bet365 ohio promo code Literacy。2017，Fischhoff et al. through their own bet365 ohio promo code reasoning scale，Tests whether a person holds beliefs consistent with bet365 ohio promo code consensus when faced with controversial issues，And personal ability to analyze bet365 ohio promo code information。

2022，Columbia is based on the work of Fischhoff et al.，Developed a scale to measure individuals’ bet365 ohio promo code reasoning abilities in the context of daily life。This scale contains 11 bet365 ohio promo code concepts (single-blind and double-blind、Causation、Confusion variable、bet365 ohio promo code consensus、Construct validity、Control group、Ecological validity、History、Random allocation、Reliability and response bias)。Afterwards，Colombik et al. used this scale to investigate the bet365 ohio promo code reasoning ability of a portion of the Israeli population；Experimental subjects need to judge whether statements covering the above bet365 ohio promo code concepts are true or false。Research results show，The higher the education level of the respondent，The better your daily bet365 ohio promo code reasoning ability。Colombia thinks，This finding is consistent with the "Science and Engineering Indicators 2018" published by the Australian National Science Foundation，That is, people with higher education have more bet365 ohio promo code knowledge，More interested in science，Also more likely to participate in bet365 ohio promo code activities。

Colombia also discovered，Respondent’s bet365 ohio promo code reasoning ability has nothing to do with academic major。This shows，Formal science education does not significantly improve individuals’ daily bet365 ohio promo code reasoning abilities。Colombian representation，Science education focuses on imparting bet365 ohio promo code knowledge to students、Develop bet365 ohio promo code skills，Instead of emphasizing the complexity and uncertainty of science。The bet365 ohio promo code knowledge covered in textbooks is often related to students’ out-of-school experiences、Life has nothing to do with interests，Therefore，It is difficult for students to find opportunities to apply bet365 ohio promo code knowledge in daily environments。Colombia also speculates，Respondents with general education can use logical thinking and other abilities to infer basic bet365 ohio promo code concepts。It can be seen from this，Popular bet365 ohio promo code reasoning abilities seem to be built through exposure to academic thinking，Not just in science classes。To this，Colombian representation，Using bet365 ohio promo code and technological concepts and principles in daily life situations is not only conducive to disseminating bet365 ohio promo code facts to the public，It can also encourage the public to express scientifically based opinions on controversial issues。

　　Constructing a public communication paradigm for bet365 ohio promo code sciences

Andy Bartlett, a researcher at the University of York in the UK, told reporters，Currently，Social science expertise suffers much vilification in the public sphere，Causing the legitimacy of the discipline to be threatened。Although some scholars believe that distortion of bet365 ohio promo code facts is a characteristic of the so-called "post-truth era"，But in Bartlett’s opinion，There has never been a "golden age" when sociologists were able to participate in public and political debates without considering the risks。

Bartlett discovered，When the public discusses topics that fall within the scope of social bet365 ohio promo code disciplines，Subject experts are rarely given the privileged position of being the raisers and interpreters of issues。Bartlett said in the interview，Most British newspaper columnists with no professional background writing about crime、On issues such as unemployment and education, social bet365 ohio promo code experts are rarely consulted，Although the latter has devoted his entire career to studying and solving these issues。That’s for sure，The same columnist does not publish disciplinary insights on natural sciences without consulting experts。Bartlett thinks，This media style dissolves the particularity of social bet365 ohio promo code research，Equating the expertise of sociologists with the prejudices of others。In addition，The “flattening” of social bet365 ohio promo code expertise not only reduces the quality of public debate，Also limits the ability of social bet365 ohio promo code to improve policy。

More and more social bet365 ohio promo code scholars believe that，It is my responsibility to let the public have access to detailed social bet365 ohio promo code knowledge，At the same time, guide the public to expand the way of looking at problems from a disciplinary perspective。But，There are big differences in epistemology between social sciences and natural sciences。Bartlett thinks，Social sciences need to develop different public communication paradigms，Cultivate a unique system of public understanding of social sciences。Bartlett said，Social bet365 ohio promo code research involves the subject，instead of object。The subject constitutes sociality，Constituted by sociality。The definition of social bet365 ohio promo code is based on this situation，That is, social scientists can understand a social group by interacting with its members。Knowledge claims made by the social sciences tend to discuss more directly how people should organize、Management、Improving society，This is closely related to everyone’s daily life。People can，Also consider themselves able to make reasonable knowledge claims on issues and objects within the social sciences。

Bartlett’s suggestion，Scholars in the field of social sciences actively practice “responsible boundary work”，That is, cultivating an environment more suitable for retaining the voice of the masses，Also create an appropriate space for public communication of social sciences，To challenge any move to diminish the status of experts or render expertise less special。“Responsible boundary work” is not about narrowing the scope of legitimate interpretations of social science issues，But to increase the confidence of social scientists。This understanding is not just a "viewpoint"，It is built on decades of rigorous bet365 ohio promo code research and professional engagement with the body of knowledge。Bartlett believes，As long as every scientist does enough，“Responsible boundary work” will become the domain of social science institutions and the academic community。