Luo Genmo (1908-2008)，Original named Ding Longxiao，Born in October 1908 in Yuqian, Zhejiang (now Lin'an, Zhejiang)，It is the older generation of Marxist economists in our country，Member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，One of contemporary China Economic Construction Blazers。

1927，Luo Geomo joined the Chinese Communist Youth League，Drop in the Chinese revolutionary cause，Arrested at the end of the year。After being bet365 Play online games released from prison，He actively participated in the Anti -Japanese Salvation Movement，and start studying Chinese economic issues。From the 1930s，He participated in the leadership work of the logistics and financial departments of the revolutionary army and base areas。1938，Luo Geomo joined the Communist Party of China，Member of the United Front Work Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China、Secretary of the Cultural Working Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China and member of the Cultural Working Committee of the Southeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。After the South Anhui Incident，Luo Geomo entered the anti -Japanese base area behind the enemy of Yancheng, northern Jiangsu，Deputy Minister of Finance of the New Fourth Army，Deliven the economic work of the revolution with all your heart。After the founding of New China，Member of the Finance and Economics Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、Secretary -General、Deputy Director。From 1954，The Director of the Cost Price Bureau of the State Family Planning Commission、Deputy Director，Deputy Director of the General Office of the National People's Congress。1981，As a member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、Deputy Director of the State Planning Commission、Part -time professor at Peking University。1982，Professor of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Doctoral supervisor、Advisor of the State Council Economic Research Center。From 1990，Undertake the key scientific research project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, "Analysis of the theory of the Economic Characteristics of the Primary Stage of Socialism in my country" and "Examination and Typical Survey Report for the Reform of Economic Systems in my country in the past ten years"。It mainly talks about the "Commodity and Value of the Socialist System" (1957)、"Three Transitions from Capitalism to Communism" (1959)、"Controversy and Analysis of Socialist Commodity Currency Issues" (1980)、"Several theoretical issues on the socialist plan economy" (1982)、"The Evolution of the Three Social and Economic Relations of Marx Theory" (1998), etc.。

Luo Geng was deserted in the mid -to -late 1920s and devoted himself to the Chinese revolutionary cause。He passed the Northern Expedition、Anti -Japanese Salvation Movement、Major historical stages such as the war of liberation and the economic construction of New China。In 1923, he was admitted to Zhejiang Lili Commercial College。In February 1927, he participated in the Northern Expeditionary Army of the National Revolutionary Army，Affiliated to the Central Military Political School of the General Political Department of the Wuchang National Revolutionary Army in Wuchang National Revolutionary Army received military and political training。Joining the Communist Youth League in Hangzhou in August of the same year，In November, he was admitted to the "Zhejiang Army Model Prison"。Six years in prison，His self -cultivation of Marxism -Leninism theory and cultural knowledge。After being bet365 Play online games released from prison，He actively devoted himself to the anti -Japanese salvation campaign。From then on，He started researching and discussing various economic problems in China，Participated in China Economic Intelligence Agency、China Agricultural Research Association、Xinzhi Bookstore、Revolutionary activities of social organizations such as Congress and other social groups in the career，Gradually becoming a very influential economist，is one of the pioneers of modern Chinese economics。After being released in 1934，He arrived in Shanghai，and Xu Xuehan、Zhuang Qidong、Xue Muqiao、Qian Junrui、Jiang Junchen、Sun Yefang and others engaged in economic and cultural work and the Anti -Japanese Salvation Movement，Start with "Luo Geng Mo" as a pseudonym。From here，The name of this meaning "camel that works in the desert"，Witness his theoretical cultivation in the future for decades。

Luo Geomo is both a practitioner of my country's economic construction，It is the explorer of economic theory again。In the long life journey and struggle，He invested a lot of energy in theoretical exploration and economic research，Make outstanding contribution。1930-40，He not only devoted the theory to the society，In -depth investigation and research，I wrote a lot of economic manuscripts，Call for "workers and peasants to work hard" for the bottom of society，Disposal military hegemony at home and abroad、Politics and bureaucratic capital forces in China，Emphasized analysis of economic construction and army logistics for the Japanese base area。50-60，He has conducted many explorations in the basic theoretical research of socialist economic construction and basic theoretical research on political economics，For products、Value、Currency and other basic theoretical categories put forward new opinions。80-90s，He studied in -depth research on production labor theory and service theory，On the basis of decades of practical experience and theoretical thinking，His theoretical thinking on the evolution of the three economic forms of human society。Especially after the founding of the People's Republic of China，He carefully studied Marx's value theory，Published a lot of discussion，Become one of the representative scholars。

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In the middle of the 1950s to the early 1960s，Chinese economists have launched a big discussion on the value of commodity value under socialist conditions。Compared with other economic issues，Discussion on the value of commodity value is the most hot and hotter，Really reflects the spirit of a hundred schools of contention。In the discussion，Forms a clear flag of "wide school" and "narrow school"。

Sun Yefang is the problem of "wide faction" for the law of value and value.，He thinks，"Thousands of laws，Thousands of rules，Article 1 of Value Law "; advocates that socialist countries should" focus on planning and statistics on the basis of value laws "; even in the future communist society，Value law still plays a regulatory effect。Yu Guangyuan and Zhuo Jiong are the representatives of the "wide faction" of commodity issues，It is believed that social division of labor is the reason for the existence of commodity production and exchange，"All products that are added to exchange are products (in exchange for comparison of the social necessary labor contained in the product，Principles of the exchange of equal labor and equal labor exchange)，Several exchanges in the socialist economy，All are commodity exchange relationships "。Any production for the purpose of exchange is commodity production; in the future communist society，There will still be a product。

Different from the above views，Luo Geomo is the representative of the "narrow school"。He believes that in strict accordance with Marx in the "Capital", "products that do not depend on each other，Only treat each other as a product "，and Marx's "Critical Criticism in Bet365 app download Gosa" about "a collective、Society based on common possession of production，Producers do not exchange their own products; labor consumed in product production，Not showing the value of these products here "and other discussions，Come to examine the product value of commodity under the socialist system of our country。Luo Geomo thinks，Under the condition of a single socialist national ownership，Only product exchange，No product exchange，There is no product in the sense of political economy。Under the condition of coexistence of various economic ingredients，State -owned industrial products used to exchange with farmers themselves are no longer a commodity，But there is still some private ingredients based on commodity production and exchange，In terms of quantity ratio，The more in the early stages of socialism，The larger the proportion of private ingredients，Therefore, the larger the scope of product production and exchange。The scope of the product determines the scope of value，Scope of determining the law of value。Brief words，Private social economy is the commodity economy; the characteristics of the commodity economy are the relationship between individual labor and social labor，It can only be implemented by spontaneous exchanges through the market; after the private ownership is destroyed，The commodity economy will also be eliminated。Luo Geomo's "Narrow" views，Is in strict accordance with Marx、Engels、Lenin's work and discussion derived，The argument and logic are strict。Although there is a big difference in understanding of most people in the economics community in my country，But we should acknowledge that its point of view is the reason for its words、Perseverance。

It is worth noting that it is，Luo Geomo's "narrow school" view has not expanded to the analysis of the exchange relationship。On the contrary，He wrote many times to propose，There is a variety of exchanges in the socialist stage that not only coexists in multiple economic ingredients，And there is still an exchange relationship between the enterprises inside the national ownership，and must be subject to "equal restrictions on labor exchange"，"The economic relations of communism will always have the economic relationship of‘ waiting for labor exchanges ’，Otherwise there will be no communism "。He has repeatedly criticized what Soviet scholar Pogdanov said, "To socialism is a natural economy、No need to be exchanged "and other views。Luo Geomo proposed，"Doesn't it need to calculate production costs and compensate production costs when communism? At that time，Although it is not encouraged to be distributed and bonus for labor，but，How much does the means of production and how much labor should be spent，These must be a comprehensive balance "。With the development of human society，There will be a complex social division of labor，No exchange relationship is unimaginable。As for the complex exchange relationship, is it always the nature of commodity exchange，can be discussed。But as Luo Geomo said，These exchanges should follow the laws of social work or the law of necessary labor exchange、Law of equivalent exchange，This is inevitable。

　Explore the basic economic laws of the transition period of my country

Luo Geomo has rich financial work experience，Therefore, the articles he wrote are targeted and realistic background，There is something in it、Enhancement is sufficient。Even for economic theory problems with higher abstraction，He can also put forward realistic perspectives。

1955，A warm discussion on the issue of basic economic laws during the transition period in my country，Wang Xuewen、Su Xing、Xu He and other economists have published different opinions of influential influence。This was the hottest topic in the economics community at that time，Luo Geomo published in the first issue of "Economic Research" in 1955 in the first issue of "Economic Research" "About the Basic Economic Law during the transition period of our bet365 best casino games country"，Different from the opinions in the debate at that time、At the same time, there are five major issues that have research value to discuss: first, the distinction between "main economic laws" and "basic economic laws"; second, about whether there is or what basic economic laws are there in transitional society; The law of the greatest profit is applicable to the economy during the transition period of our country; the fourth is the issue of the law of the individual economy during the transition period of my country; the fifth is the issue of the law of the semi -socialist cooperation economy during the transition period of my country。

This article is unique、Research powerful，Become an article on "Economic Research" pioneering article。Its main point is: "my country is still in the transition period，Still a transitional society，Not a 'independent epoch -making' society，Not a socialist society that has been formed。It basically contains three economies: state -owned economy -socialist economy; capitalist economy; individual economy。These three economies have their own basic economic laws (Comrade Wang Xuewen calls 'main economic laws')。Because the national camp economy in these three economies is the most powerful (not only does it mean that it occupies in the national economy)，It occupies a dominant or dominant position，Therefore, the basic economic law of socialism has become the basic economic law of my country's transitional society。"Luo Geomo's point of view，was a brand new at that time、The most sufficient perspective。After two years of discussion，This view is recognized and accepted by more economists，Gradually becoming the mainstream view。Luo Geomo's above -mentioned article demonstration is sufficient、Strong persuasion，It is a well -deserved masterpiece in this mainstream view。Even if it seems now，This article also has a very strong practical significance。

　Discuss in -depth socialist ownership

On the issue of ownership，Luo Geomo proposed the "small whole people" in the "big people"，Collective ownership is a unique point of view of "internal and external private"。In 1959, he was published in "New Construction" in "New Construction" in the "Problem of Transition from Socialism to Communism": "In the socialist stage，Production materials and products owned by the whole people，In a certain range and to a certain extent, it also includes all the relationships with local people，That is, there is all the relationship between ‘small people’ in ‘Great All’ s ”。"" This kind of cross -relationship of the whole people，In the final analysis, it is because the level of productivity development is not high enough and people’s communist awareness is not high enough。These two points make the country representing the whole people，For its local economic organizations, economic organizations in various departments, and grass -roots enterprise units，It is also necessary to use material interests to promote them to manage production，It seems that the state must use the principle of ‘distribution by labor’ (material interests) to promote people's efforts。First, the performance of the principle of material interests in the field of personal living data distribution; first, the performance of the principle of material interests in the field of production management。"Another monograph" In the Socialist System of Commodities and Value "he published in 1957，It also proposed the view that the collective ownership economy is "internal and external private"。He said: "Although the collective ownership economy is a socialist economy，But after all, it is a group of people's public，They are not publicly owned by the whole people; I think it can even say that，The collective ownership economy of that group is ‘internal and external private’，that is, it is public internally，Enterprises and individuals within the economy of the country and individuals inside the national ownership economy also contain more bet365 Play online games ‘private disability’。"Luo Geomo's above view was quite new at the time，It is of great significance for the research on the deepening of socialist public ownership in the economics community，Especially the concept of "internal and external private" of the collective ownership economy，It is still cited and called some economists.。

Luo Geomo thinks，Production of socialist society、exchange began to cross coexistence in multiple public -private ownership，Generally, it is necessary to continuously improve labor productivity and build a long -term multi -stage construction，Only to build a single national ownership economy，At that time, I started to enter the production of the low level of communism、exchange、Distribution relationship。The 1950s and 1970s，He introduced and explained Main's relevant theory in the relevant writings and discussed and explained his experience and insights。After entering the 1980s，Especially after the theory of the primary stage of socialism，He conducted in -depth research on the economic relationship of the primary stage of socialism，Thinking in the past historical process and social thoughts，Published in 1998 published a monograph "The Evolution of the Three Social and Economic Relations of Marx Theory"。He thinks，The primary stage of socialism now is not the socialist stage of the two stages of communism in the classic writer，but an extremely complicated transition stage。Due to a variety of ownership coexistence，It exists in product relationship，belongs to the transitional commodity economy。

He emphasizes that multiple economic ingredients coexist。early 1980，Luo Geomo published an article "Talking about Multi -Economic ingredients Coexistence" in "New Observation"，Proposal at this stage，According to the requirements of the production relationship, the requirements of the nature of productivity must be suitable，Multiple economic ingredients must be allowed，It is believed that "allowing and helping remote sporadic retail investors exclusive cultivation，The responsibility system for the production team to implement the production team，Multi -production can be more，Encourage households to engage in family sideline (not only staying in the place); carry out market trade and bargaining purchase，Protection can get rich first, don’t be afraid of fibrillation，, etc.，Organize the promotion of the collective service industry and handicraft production，Restore part of the sales store、‘husband and wife shop’ and small vendors, as well as handmade sideline production of urban families，Living doorway for leisurely laborers in the town。This individual economy、Semi -episode physical economy and small collective economy ... It helps to adjust the national economy and people's livelihood，It is conducive to speeding up the fourthization assumptions，It is a necessary component of a variety of economic ingredients in the new period。It is by no means ‘back tide’，Instead of active adjustment of past errors，Suitable for my country's rich human resources and weak capital strength。It is by no means 10 years、20 years of authority measures (such as in cities，Not just expand the current educated youth employment)，but long -term deployment determined by my country's uns developcted socialist stage "。Luo Geomo ’s discussion many years ago is in line with the requirements of objective economic laws，And with a variety of economic ingredients coexisting to summarize，and affirm as a long -term deployment，Have vision and outstanding consciousness。Need to point out，In the same period，Luo Geomo's old comrades -in -arms Xue Muqiao also made more than 20 million people unemployed at that time at that time，Strongly advocate allowing the existence and development of the individual economy。

　　Actively explore other socialist economic problems

In different historical periods，Luo Geomo is still studying in "Capital"、Bet365 lotto review Research on theoretical research according to labor、Exploring the fields of productivity and production labor，and made theoretical contribution。

In the early 20th century, Japanese scholar Kawahara and the Soviet scholar Leon Jiefu in the 1940s and other scientific arguments on Engels，Luo Geomo conducted a refutation。Engels in "Family、7589_7619，Decisive elements in history，In the final analysis，is the production and reproduction of direct life。but but，Production itself is dual: on the one hand, daily information、clothing、Living and the production of tools necessary for this; on the other hand, the production of humans itself，That is the reproduction of the variety。Social systems where people in a certain historical age and a certain region live under it，It is restricted by two production: on the one hand, the development stage of labor，On the other hand, the development stage of the family。”

Research on the issue of distribution of labor，Luo Geomo was in 1961、In 1962, he published the "Research on Economic Research on Economic Research" and "Grand Press" and "Research on the implementation of the distribution system in my country" and "The Double Severe of the Principles of Labor"，Principles of Socialist salary -I have explained the duality according to the distribution of labor。February 1979，Luo Geomo published another article entitled "Classality of During the Labor" in "Guangming Daily"，Persistence distribution according to labor is the duality of bourgeois law and proletarian law。This article further clarifies the actual inequality exchanges of socialism according to the actual inequality of socialism.，All are the same scale -labor -calculation。He emphasized，When learning Marxism on the argument about "distribution of bourgeoisie as bourgeoisie"，We must pay attention to distinguish its background and pertinence。

Controversy on the issue of productivity two elements or three elements，Luo Geomo insists on advocating productivity including labor、Three elements of labor tools and labor objects。He also listed the labor object as one of the productivity elements，It is because it is the same as the other two elements (labor and labor tools)，The decisive factor of how many products can people produce。But this is not to say that they are in production、It is the same role for history，He believes that the same production relationship in history is economic foundation，Mutations and differences will be produced due to natural conditions or geographical environment。For the change of social production relations，Labor objects and labor tools cannot be compared at all，But "The production relationship of the same historical development in the premise of a certain productive force，such as，Socialist production relations，Why does it have some differences in some aspects，This is sometimes not the second element of productivity，and must be promoted to the use of labor objects、Three productivity elements of natural resources to explain "。

Questions about production labor，Luo Geomo published in "Economic Research" in 1985 "Dialectical Law of production labor and non -production labor -also describes the current stage of production labor and non -production labor in my country"，First of all, the boundary of material production and spiritual production。Material production is through physical and mental activity，Through excavation、Processing occupies material living data products to nature; intangible spiritual production is through intellectual activity (it also includes brainpower、Consumption of both physical strength)，Getting various spiritual products reflected in the outside world。Material production is the first meaning，Spiritual production is the second meaning，The two can not mix the same。Luo Geomo believes that the so -called material production is the point of view of the form of the product that exists independently.。Is it the form of material production or spiritual production Bet365 lotto review that is not related to the form of the material that exists independently after it has the end of the labor process。About whether spiritual production labor creates value，Whether to create national income，Luo Geomo thinks，Don't generally say whether the spiritual production labor of intangible material can form value or not，What social relationships to be depends on，Is there any participation in social division of labor，Whether to enterprise，can determine whether it can form value。Only participated in the social division of labor，And paid exchanges，This kind of spiritual production labor can only be the same as material production labor，Form value and remaining value according to the same or similar laws，Create national income。but but，The value formed under the above relationship is reflected in the spiritual product。He systematically labor、Material and spiritual production、Production product value and creation of national income, service attributes and categories，Analysis of actual development of national economic construction and macroeconomic management，Write the academic monographs with ten years of time "Marx's theory of production labor -also evaluates the two national economic accounting systems and the reform of my country's statistical system"。

On the long life journey，Luo Geomo has gone through many historical periods and stages of China in the 20th century，In the exploration of continuous development and changing socio -economic practice and ideological theory，Leave clear footprint and rich results。The evolution of different types of socio -economic relations and socialist products、Value、Discussion on currency problems，Analysis of productivity elements in political economy，The theoretical explanation of the relationship between production labor and non -production labor has made unique academic contributions in the theoretical explanation of the relationship between production labor and non -production labor.。His economic theory graduate career is closely linked with his long and twisting revolutionary experience。Whether in the war years or in the age of peaceful construction，As a pro -calendar as a Chinese revolution and construction，The actual needs of the revolutionary propaganda and financial management work he are engaged in is to inspire him to study and persuade the important driving source of the economic theory of Marxist economic theory。He observes the world in detail，With your enthusiasm and theoretical opinion，Formed and insists on your own point of view。Long -term hard work，Make him the representative of my country's socialist economic theory，Make outstanding contributions to the development of my country's political economy。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)