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STEM is science (science)、Technology (Technical)、ENGINEERING (Engineering) and Mathematics (Mathematics) The first letters of English words are abbreviated。STEM Education is centered on the four disciplines involved in it，Features of four discipline knowledge interdisciplinary integration，Let students apply the four different disciplines learned in the specific inquiry activities to solve the actual problems of different discipline knowledge。The United States is the birthplace of STEM education。Starting in the 1960s，The United States attaches great importance to STEM education，Now it is even more to raise STEM education to the height of the national strategy。We can't help but have such a question，Why does the United States pay so much attention to STEM education so? To answer this question，It also needs to start with the historical background formed by STEM education in the United States。

　　Strengthening science and engineering education

After World War II，The development of the United States rapidly，It brought prosperity to the US economy。But the negative impact brought about by the development of technology also burst out in the 1960s。Where，The most serious is environmental deterioration。Environmental destruction and pollution cause multiple deaths，It has caused strong dissatisfaction and panic for the people。bet365 best casino games People pressure the US government through the demonstration of the public，It is required that the government must immediately start to solve the problem of environmental deterioration。other，With the military strength and technological innovation strength of the Soviet Union, it is continuously strengthened，During the Cold War of the United States and the Soviet Union，The Soviet Union not only took the lead in launching the first artificial earth satellite，and also take the lead in sending astronauts Gaglin into space。Face of the Space Fighting Battle，Make the United States panic，With the rapid rise of Europe and Japan，The US economy turns straight down。This series of indisputable facts，Makes the United States start in depth reflection on the above problems。

The United States thinks，The negative effects of technology are frequent，Mainly because it does not pay attention to science and engineering education，No in -depth understanding of the social effects of technology。Economic conditions are getting worse，Also because of insufficient education input，Fall teaching quality，Especially not to pay enough attention to science、Technology、Engineering and Mathematics Education and other science and engineering education caused by the lack of innovation motivation。In view of this，The U.S. government has begun to attach importance to and is committed to formulating a series of policy documents、Act to promote the reform of science and engineering education。In this background，bet365 best casino games The United States has launched STEM education，and regard it as a "weapon" for promoting the reform of science and engineering。

　　American STEM talent gap

The problem that follows is，Why should the United States strengthen science and engineering education through STEM education? From the root perspective，This is mainly because of the science at that time、Technology、The connection between engineering and mathematics is increasingly close，Science Education、Technical Education、A single type of talents trained by engineering education and mathematics education can no longer meet the needs of compound talents in social development。With science、Technology、The discipline of engineering and mathematics is increasingly integrated，The needs of the United States for compound talents with STEM literacy increased by daily。According to data from the US Department of Commerce，The growth rate of STEM in the United States is 17 %，and the growth rate of other occupations is only 9.8 %。The National Science Foundation has also pointed out，In 1960, only 1.1 million workers were engaged in STEM -related work，In the early 21st century, this value has been close to 6 million，It is expected that it will increase by more than 9 million by 2022。

However, the regret is，American STEM talents have always been seriously short -short，It has not been effectively improved today。According to the statistics of the US Labor Statistics，2013 US STEM talent shortage nearly 1.2 million people，and Bet365 app download the number of shorts in 2018 has reached 2.4 million。In a STEM job post in the United States,，There are 2/3 that requires higher education diplomas。But，The number of graduates awarded STEM -related degrees awarded by American universities cannot meet their actual needs。Only less than 1/3 of the bachelor's degree in the United States graduated from STEM -related disciplines，and China and Japan and other countries have exceeded 50%。Taking the number of scientific bachelor's degrees as an example，This value of the United States is only 17th in the world。Due to the lack of enough STEM talents in the country，bet365 best casino games The United States has to hire a large number of foreign STEM talents。

What makes the United States even more worried is，Stem in the United States is seriously lost，STEM reserve talents are also seriously insufficient。According to data from the Ministry of Education of the United States，Only 16%of middle school students are interested in STEM -related occupations，and 57%of middle school students lost interest in STEM -related fields before graduating。If it cannot be effectively controlled and improves the loss of potential STEM talents，The United States will never solve the problem of lack of STEM talents from the root。other，STEM's proficiency in American middle school students is not optimistic。2015，PISA report displayed by the Economic Organization Organization，The scientific level of middle school students ranked 24th among the 71 participating countries，And the level of mathematics is only ranked 38th。

For this，bet365 best casino games The United States has to make a series of policy documents and bills、Increase economic investment in education to promote and popularize STEM education。The relevant American functional departments have released "Science of Undergraduate、Mathematics and Engineering Education "" Preparation and Incentives: For the future K-12 science for the United States、Technology、Engineering and Mathematics Education "," Federal Government STEM Education Five -Year Strategic Plan "and other series of documents to promote the implementation and development of STEM education。The US government not only promulgated the "STEM Education Act"，In the "American Competition Law", it approved $ 4.3 billion in STEM research and education plan funds，and also clearly stated in the "American Competitiveness Plan" to take care of women、Ethical and ethnic groups such as ethnic groups，Encourage them to study STEM -related disciplines。

In order，The United States also established 100 STEM Middle School，More than 1,000 more than 1,000 institutes in Obama's ruling stage。These STEM schools aims to cultivate students' interest in STEM，Develop students' STEM professional specialty，As a period of time, more students can choose to study STEM -related majors during the higher education stage。In addition，The United States also requires other K-12-stage ordinary schools to open STEM education projects or courses。To ensure the effectiveness of the STEM education project of ordinary schools，Education Department of the United States will regularly certify STEM bet365 Play online games education in its jurisdictions。

　　Stimulate students' innovation ability

The follow -up problem is，What is the purpose of the United States that attaches great importance to STEM talents? Why did STEM education be increased to the height of the national strategy?，A knowledge -based economy is developed under innovation drive。The foundation of innovation often depends on whether the knowledge foundation in the field field is sufficient，Most innovations need to be scientific、Technology、Engineering and mathematics and other fields have a good grasp of knowledge。To achieve success in this high -tech society based on information，Students need to develop their abilities in STEM to far beyond the level of acceptance of the past。"" in this sense can be said，The reason why the United States pays so much attention to STEM talents，Vigorously implement STEM education，Because STEM talents are the key to maintaining national stability and continuous economic growth。

The reason why the United States will use the strength of the country to develop STEM education，Because it has deeply realized，School's STEM education plays a very important role in stimulating students' interest in STEM's career，If Stem education does not get due to the due improvement，The United States not only cannot improve the world ranking of science and mathematics and other disciplines，and it is impossible to cultivate enough STEM talents。In short，The United States vigorously promotes STEM education，is to make more students contact STEM education，Make more students interested in STEM occupation and have a good STEM literacy，Become bet365 best casino games a potential next -generation innovator。

　(Author Unit: School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University)