Ancient Russia was one of the countries with ecological protection earlier，This laid the foundation for the formulation of contemporary Russian ecological protection laws。Entering the 21st century，Russian ecological protection law is becoming more mature，The number of relevant laws and regulations continues to increase，The legal system is also more sound。

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Russia attaches great importance to the harmony between man and nature，Ecological protection legislation is relatively complete，Based on the "Federal Constitution of the Russian Federation"，The "Russian Federal Environmental Protection Law" is the main trunk，Other laws and regulations are the ecological protection legal system for branches。

The Federal Constitution of Russia regards the right to ecological security as an important part of citizen rights，Citizens are required to bear the responsibility of protecting the environment and cherishing natural resources，National guarantee citizen's ecological rights realization。Article 72 of the Russian Federal Constitution specifically specifically stipulates that Russian authorities at all levels of Russia are protecting the environment、Reasonable use of natural bet365 best casino games resources functions and permissions。

The Russian Federal Environmental Protection Law lives in an important position in the Russian ecological protection legal system。There are 16 chapters and 84 articles in this law，Ecological security of the Russian national ecology、Bio and resource diversity、Coordinated economic and social development is important。This law is based on establishing the basic principles of environmental protection，Standards the responsibilities and permissions of national organs at all levels、Ecological rights and obligations of social groups and citizens、Economic means of environmental protection、Various ecological protection requirements that must be observed when carrying out economic activities，It also involves a program for establishing an ecological disaster area、Protection of special natural objects、Implementation method of ecological environment monitoring、Ecological Science Research、Ecological culture construction、Pressive liability for ecological violations、Principles of carrying out international ecological cooperation、The relationship between the domestic ecological law and the international ecological law，Not only shows the new results of the Russian ecological protection legislation，It also reflects the trend of Russian ecological protection legislation。

According to the Russian bet365 live casino games Federal Constitution and the Russian Federal Environmental Protection Law，Russia has also formulated a series of other ecological laws and regulations and policies。For example，"Russian Federal Underground Resources Law", "Russian Federal Land Code", "Russian Federal Special Nature Reserve Law", "Russian Federal Water Code", "Russian Federation Forestry Code", "Russian Federal Federal Production Waste and Consumer Waste Law", " The Russian Federal Ecological Appraisal Law "" Russian Federal outer space activity method "," Russian Federal residents Radiation Safety Law "," Russian Federal Atomic Evasion Method "，etc.。These laws and regulations jointly constitute the Russian ecological protection legal system，Play the role of the legal barrier of ecological protection。

　　The characteristics of ecological protection laws and regulations are clear

Generally speaking，Russian ecological protection laws and regulations mainly have the following five characteristics。

First，Ecological protection legislative concept is mature。Russian ecological protection legislation from a single natural resource protection to the protection and utilization，Reflected the harmony of man and nature、The concept of balanced development。When economic development conflicts with ecological protection，Priority with ecological protection。Russia not only strengthens the special legislation of ecological protection，bet365 Play online games In other departments, the adjustment of ecological legal relations is considered，Dedicated ecological legislation、The department's legislative ecology is coexist。Through civil、Administrative、Regulations on ecological protection in criminal regulations，Increasing the deterrence and punishment of ecological violations。

Second，Ecological legislative levels are clear。Except the "Russian Federal Constitution" and federal ecological law，Laws and regulations promulgated by the federal subjects of Russia、The international conventions signed by the Russian Federation are part of the Russian ecological protection legal system，It reflects the multi -layered of the legislative system。Russian ecological protection legal system is huge and complicated，Except ecological protection related content，It also covers the requirements of ecological security，Pay more attention to overall and comprehensive，Balance of the entire ecosystem as the main goal of ecological legislative activities。

third，High folk participation。Public agency formulation and implementation of the laws of ecological protection in Russia、Environmental monitoring and other fields，Play an important role that irreplaceable。Except for public institutions that dominate ecological protection，Ordinary Russians have high participation in ecological protection。bet365 best casino games "The Russian Federal Environmental Protection Law" encourages individuals to carry out legal environmental protection activities，Assist the government to solve environmental problems。Russian folk environmental protection organizations are relatively late，But in recent years, it has played an increasingly important role。

Fourth，Actively take preventive measures。Ecological protection cannot just punish and govern after destroying the ecological environment，More importantly, establish a preventive mechanism。The environmental impact evaluation system included in the Russian ecological protection laws and regulations、Ecological license system、Ecological Appraisal System、Industrial safety early warning system、Ecological Insurance System and Ecological Supervision，Play a positive role in preventing ecological disasters。It is worth noting that，Preventive procedures are set in the Russian ecological protection legal system，Dedicated to pierce the fence of ecological protection before the actual damage occurs。

Fifth，Pay attention to ecological culture construction。The Russian Federal Environmental Protection Law specifically specifies the issue of ecological and cultural construction，Including ecological education at various stages of education、Ecological training for different groups and the education of more ecological popularization in different groups，Make the concept of ecological protection deeply rooted in people's hearts，The implementation of ecological law has Bet365 app download a broader social foundation。，Russian Ecological Protection Laws and Regulations also encourage people to carry out relevant scientific research，Emphasize to increase investment in this area。

Russia's ecological protection legal system provides legal guarantee for the country's ecological protection，But also facing challenges。Although Russia's ecological protection legislation is continuously improved，But you still need to further strengthen your own coherent and unity。，How should the legal system of ecological protection meet actual needs，Prevent the ecological environment from excessive damage，Realize economic development and environmental protection，It is also a question that needs to be considered。

(This article is the “Research on the Protection Protection of Intellectual Property Protection Protection of Northeast Old Industrial Bases under the perspective of optimizing the business environment” (2018-KYYWF-E004)

(Author Unit: Department of Law Department of Harbin Institute of Finance)