Social donations are an important activity in the development of higher education in the United States，Become American universities to improve school quality、The basis for interacting with the society。

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The foundation of charity is fundraising。Early social donations inherited the charitable tradition of Europe, especially the United Kingdom，The official presence of the Elizabeth Poor Law with 1601，The British government starts with the work of helping the poor and began to stimulate social charity，It also subtlely affects the donation concept of the Americas，At the same time, the American localized charity activity was opened。The early history donated by American universities is roughly divided into three stages。

First，Early donations (colonial periods) of private universities in the United States (colonial period)。Donation history of higher education in the United States can be traced back to the Harvard Academy in 1641。This is the initial exposure of US higher education funds、The simplicity fundraising phase of the modern connotation is not yet available。The funds of this period must have a considerable personality charm。The colonial authorities are proposed by the two pastors of Thomas Weld and Hugh Peter.，Produced the first educational fundraising bay in the history of American higher education，The purpose of the establishment of the first college in the United States，Stimulate people's donation enthusiasm，Open the precedent for social donations。Subsequent，People have gathered axillary into fur，Privately advised funds to be regarded as Bet365 lotto review an elegant activity，Educational donations began to prevail。Donation is often completed by small donations of registration (signature pension)。This kind of prayer method is very successful，It announces the name of the donor，Reflecting the donor's important contribution to the community。Public donations are not limited to currency，but also the food needed for the college、Material、Home Animals。Donation of this period mainly comes from the clergy and nobles，The number of local donors in the United States is very small。At this time, fundraising has developed into a system、Organized programming operation。So far，Preliminary molding of higher education in the United States，It is more for the power of social donations。

2，Early donations from public universities in the United States (American Independence Movement to the Civil War period)。The development of higher education in the United States has always been closely related to social donations，Especially after the independent war。This period，The United States enters early industrial and commercial society from agricultural society，Americans have noticed the outstanding achievements of those who have received higher education in the political economy，Therefore, the education demand for studying and studies is surging，The legislature of each state quickly responds，Try to organize a new educational institution。At this time，Religious organizations are no longer the only subject to run a school，Community leaders also issue a written contract or informal agreement to potential donors at the same time，Call the public to donate education，Create opportunities to build university。Indiana University in the United States is the representative of this period。At this time，The state government gives public land for the new college，and award bet365 Play online games school franchise，But every college is facing financial challenges。Fundable means are no longer a large amount of wealth operation，Instead, small donations from humble starting start to accumulate。1820，The First Alumni Association of the United States was established at Williams College，Alumni Association assumes the funding of funds。The American Education Society has also started raising social donations for universities，Funding teachers and missionaries，Students who can't get charity assistance。This strategy has a profound impact on "Alumni Donation" and "Student Scholarship Project"。It is worth mentioning is，The founder of the University of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson, realized that the main way of social exchanges at that time was to send letters，He welcomes the psychology of persuasion，Using the "Council for Revision" strategy to raise a lot of school funds，Later, became the main fundraising method of American universities。So far，University has become an important asset for social economic development and cultural prosperity。Before the North and South War，Social donations have increased the wealth of American universities，The number of schools has also increased from 9 during the colonial period to 250。

third，"Public and Private Publication" Higher Education Donation Era (the Civil War to the 20th Century)。After the Northern and Southern War，American Industrial Revolution flourish，The golden age of colleges and universities is in the golden age created by wealth。Under the influence of Jefferson's democratic thought，Farmers look forward to learning scientific planting，Industrial workers pay more attention to salary、Training and other aspects。The Morrill Land Grant Act in 1862, which inspired Ezra Cornell to select and donate the bet365 live casino games "Study Fund in the Isaacan, New York, "Establish a new university，This has opened up the government's intervention of colleges and universities，Established a new model of the government's donation of colleges and universities，The partnership of "public (common department) and private (people)" between the two，responding to the new needs of the public for fair allocation of higher education resources，It also further inspired private donations。Subsequent，College fundraising enters the era of large donations，History of Higher Education and Charity Grancoise in the United States entered the new era。Cornell University、Johns Hopkins University and a large number of well -known universities emerged。The "Donation and Donation" strategy created by the University of Chicago encourages people to donate generous donations。The so -called donation with donations，refers to a certain charity or some economic organizations at a certain time，According to the amount donated by the donor to the specified public welfare project，Actions to donate the same amount to the same public welfare project。Donation and donation creates the glory of the donation of higher education in the United States，And always use it so far。At this time，Foundation has also become an important part of the development and fundraising movement of higher education in the United States。

　The influence of social donations

Social donations have promoted the development of American universities，At the same time, it has also had a certain impact。Its main manifestation in the following three aspects。

First，Basis of accumulation of higher education。Looking at the history of US higher education，Lack of support for social donations，Whether it is private or public university, it will be borne。Since modern times，It can be known from the Bet365 lotto review US fundraising campaign，Higher education demand for funds is endless，Only by strengthening education can we open people's wisdom、Improve the quality of the people，Promoting knowledge communication and technological innovation，accumulate rich higher education resources。

2，Help higher education reform。With the change of the times，Higher education absorbs social donation forces，The starting point has gradually transformed from traditional religious charities to meet the needs of the development of the times。Social donations have triggered educational change，reflected in the newly added natural science、Applied science and other content embedded in the planning of US higher education curriculum。Social donations embedded in the education reform of American universities，Become a catalyst for the start of American research universities。

third，Response the development of the times。Fortune concentration is the inevitable price of social civilization progress，Donation is an effective way to solve social problems in wealth creation。The United States in the colonial period，Social donations to buy books、Construction of school buildings and other improvement conditions for improving schools is its own responsibility; after the independent war，The United States has entered the economic construction stage，Practical mechanical courses enter higher education; after the Civil War，American miners need more technical experts，Requirement of higher education must respond to the time of the times。to this day，U.S. society donations use their wealth and wisdom，Help higher education accelerate development，During the narrowing gap between the rich and the poor、Reduce intellectual poverty and interact with social demands，Effects of Improve Education Reconstruction，bet365 Play online games to enhance the ability of education to promote social fairness。

　　The relationship between social donations from the development of colleges and universities

Social donations have established close relationships between the development of colleges and universities，The interaction between the two。

First，Early American donations are an investment fund set up for the interests of education institutions，Usually used to pay the operation and capital expenditure of colleges and universities，Fund special projects，or for reinvestment。Based on this，The development of colleges and universities is closely linked to donation activities，Create a university through investment or multiple forms，It is conducive to accumulating school resources，Construct a variety of school running paths。

2，Early charity activities in American universities，A large amount of funds are absorbed for the development of higher education，It has also promoted the output of colleges and universities to produce a large number of high -quality scientific research results，Back to the donor's return of social capital，expanded corporate influence and social relations，Form a cycle of related interests。

third，Charity activity is the basis of the behavior of charity culture，Long -term accumulation of charity activities helps to form a charity culture，The two complement each other。The founding of American universities is closely related to the mission of donors，I saw the donor's dedication spirit from a small donation，Prove "relying on charity to achieve any major society needs is feasible"。

　(This article is the Study of the Model Construction of Jilin Provincial Community Public Welfare Charity Sharing Platform "(20200101055FG)、Jilin Provincial Department of Education's "13th Five -Year Plan" social science project "Charity Organization Institutional Research on Jilin Provincial Community Governance" (JJKH20200839SK)

(Author Unit: The School of Marxism College of Changchun Normal University)