George Perkins Marsh，1801-1882) Born in Montana, USA，He has a member、Lawyer、University teacher、Diplomat、Geographic、Multiple identities such as scholars，It is also a natural resource protectionist。Marish protection for resources、Species value、Views of the relationship between people and nature，Protection of the environment and resource in the United States、It has an important impact in the management field。

　　bet365 live casino games The impact on the environment

"Man and Nature: or Nature: or published by Mash in 1864，Natural geographical changes caused by human activities "(Man and Nature: Or, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY As Modify by Human Action，The following is referred to as "Man and Nature") The book raises a question: "Nature is dead，Will the extinction of human civilization be far away? "this means，In the 1960s，Except for many Americans at the time, they care about slavery issues，Marsh is still thinking about another question，How human beings seek balance and compromise between consumption and protection resources。He examined bet365 Play online games the impact of human activities on the ecological environment，Make insightful reflection，Warned people not to abuse resources，And earlier and profoundly explained the cause of environmental problems，It is the first to propose many improved solutions and do it with physical strength，It has a positive impact on the beginning and development of the US environment and resource protection activities。

"Human and Nature" describes bet365 Play online games the impact of human activities on the natural environment, especially unfavorable effects。In this book that is known as "both explains the past and foresee the future"，Marsh is based on the history of text theory with fable meaning、Resource protection and ecological thought，and clearly link human destiny with the quality of natural environment。

At the time where Mash is located，Most Americans think that humans are over -driving above，Land and related resources are endless，inexhaustible。Marsh observed that human behavior has changed the state of the earth，Aware that the environmental concept of the pioneering era has encountered a crisis，Need to give environmental writing a new mission: "Naturally itself is a oppressed silent class，A spokesman who needs to stand on his position urgently，Speaking for the legitimate rights and interests of nature。”

Malsh proposed，Human beings cannot only regard the environment as the place of survival and activity，Can't understand the interests of human beings as the only legitimate interest，Instead, you must treat nature as a partner who is around。From the view of Mashh，Naturally, there is a life and spirituality like humans，stream、Tree、Flowers、Wildlife is equal existence with others。

Marsh loved nature since childhood，The animals and plants that I see in their hometown forests are regarded as their friends。When he left home as a diplomat for many years, he returned home，But found that the local natural environment has been destroyed，and people do not take remedial measures after destroying the natural environment。This made Mash think of his work in Europe、What you see and hear the time you see，He found that no matter bet365 best casino games in ancient Europe，Still in the "young" America，Compared to other species，Most people pay more attention to changing the natural environment，Instead of looking for a place that can be resonated with it。Witches the forests in the surrounding areas of the regions of the regions of the region of the region，Mashlian thought of the disappearance of the Roman Empire。He reminds people，Reclamation farming field、mining mineral、The impact of developing human activities such as manufacturing and chemical industry，The landform and environment of the Americas have changed sharply。Abuse of water、Land and Forest and other human development needed basic elements required for human development，It will lead to difficulty supply of water sources、Soil and soil loss、Desertification and other problems，It may even cause floods and forest fires。and the environment is destroyed will also bring adverse effects to people living on the Americas，Over the past，People will lose the basis for survival and development，It will even cause the decline of civilization。

　　Actively participate in environmental protection practice

Marsh not only calls for people to pay attention to environmental problems，And barely put part of the conception into practice，Its words and deeds are inspiring。Many environmental issues in the end of the 19th century and early 20th century and later for a period of time，Most of them have been discussed in Mash’s book。Malsh's work also provides resources for the relevant expositions of other environmental protectionists，For example，Its thought on forest management was absorbed by American forestist Gifford Pinchot (Gifford Pinchot)，and then contributed bet365 best casino games to the development of the discipline of Lin Xue in the United States。

Mashu thinks，Nature is a complex composed of various organic matter and inorganic objects，Have your own structure、Order and operation system; the life of animals and plants is like extremely complicated problems，It is difficult for humans to find the perfect answer to these problems; the entire nature and ecosystems including humans，It is composed of various elements，Each element must be safe、Each duty，If you interfere with this system without restraint or destroy any of them，will trigger the chain reaction，generate dangerous consequences。From the view of Mashh，Even if a very small stone is put into the ocean with organic bodies，All will bring interference to nature，and humans may never know the scope of its interference。

Marsh once advocated and personally participated in the formulation of sustainable fishery development strategies，It also dominated the effective irrigation control system。Experience of fishery management in my hometown，Make him earlier and practiced the idea of ​​"ecological recovery" called "ecological recovery"。Marsh believes in the power of science，I also believe that whether it is self -interest or altruistic angle，Enlightenment，People can understand the necessity and significance of protecting the ecological environment，to enhance environmental protection awareness。

Marsh not only demonstrates the importance and possibility of environmental recovery measures and protection plans，and propose many constructive improvement solutions，Participate in forest reconstruction、Soil and Water Conservation、Practical activities such as soil maintenance。The efforts of Malsh and the Bet365 lotto review Taoist have achieved positive results，Soil and soil loss and desertification in some regions have been improved。Under their promotion，The United States issued the "Wood Planting Act" in 1873，Encourage the pioneers in the Greater Plain area to plant trees，I hope to form an ecological environment that is conducive to rainfall in this area。

　　Emphasize the harmony between man and nature

Marsh will turn the attention of the natural environment from the perspective of personal province inspection and local interests to the overall destiny of human beings，Its works and actions awakened people of insight，His voice was slightly lonely at the time，But inspired and inspired many environmental protectionists later。

Now，The birthplace of Malsh has become the National History Park，It contains a farm and a forest，In a sense, it can be said that this park has witnessed the US resource protection process。mid -to -late 19th century，After the slave tumor is cut off，The rapid development of the US economy，Most of the regions are all out of industrialization、Urbanization，Few people pay attention to the negative impact of development activities on the environment。Malsh realized from Europe's lesson，If you use natural resources without restraint，The limit you should have during the crowd does not know，"New Continent" will definitely repeat the mistakes of the "old continent"。Once the natural disaster caused by artificially caused，Losses in human and environment will be difficult to recover。

It is worth noting that it is，Marsh's non -radical "Preserviceist"，He is not in favor of governing ecological disasters and protecting the natural environment and resources，reduce development or even develop natural resources，Bet365 lotto review Completely returning to the original state。He is an authentic "Conservationist"，I think people should recognize，For human survival and development，It is necessary to develop natural resources，But people should also foresee that many natural resources are non -renewable，Need to achieve sustainable development and utilization through scientific governance。Marsh divides nature into "first nature" and "second nature"，"First Nature" refers to the original nature that has never been set foot in humans，"Second Nature" refers to the traces of human beings that can no longer return to the past natural。Of course，Malsh's environmental protection thought is still "human centerism"，Although he recognizes human needs, he has brought damage to nature，But its ideological essence is still based on human interests。Marsh is in favor of development and utilization of natural resources，Make it serving the interests of human beings，But he is not focusing on individuals and short -term interests，Instead of focusing on the overall and long -term interests of human beings，Emphasize to protect "Second Nature"，Realize the harmony of man and nature。

Facing environmental and resource protection issues，Marsh always holds an optimistic attitude，Think that as long as people realize the importance of environmental protection，and actively look for the solution，can save the situation。He proposed，Human beings need to change their concepts，Reflection yourself，Find out the crux from the source。Human beings should re -examine the relationship with nature，I realize my "some kind of limit"，Proper "suspension" self，Polite environment，Establishing mutual benefit relationship with "non -human"，Become a partner。

bet365 live casino games (This article is the key project of the Jiangsu Social Science Foundation "George Parkins Mash Environment Writing and its Ecological Civilization Significance" (19wwa001) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Nanjing Normal University)