Standards are technical support for economic activities and social development，It is an important aspect of the national basic system。This article is based on the changes in hot topics of foreign standardization research in the past 20 years，The evolution process of foreign standardization research is roughly divided into three stages，That is the theoretical foundation formed、The combination of theoretical improvement and experience analysis, and the globalization stage of standardized research。

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With science and technology、The continuous development of socio -economic and globalization trends，More and more demand for new standards。Knut B. (2004) believes that with the development of the first batch of network industries，The importance of the standard appears，Standards can reduce transaction costs and search costs，Reduce negative externality。During this period, the theoretical research of foreign standardization abroad is very active，The basic functions of the main discussion standard for the positive and negative effects of technological innovation and industrial development。Anderson and Wincoop (2003) and other scholars believe that，Standard has compatibility、Network effect、Basic functions such as scale effect and alleviating information asymmetry，It can promote technological innovation and economic development; another part of the scholars think，Standard existence of technical lock、High conversion costs and reduction Bet365 lotto review of diversity，Standards will hinder technological innovation and promotion of new products to a certain extent。

Standard's R & D expenditure affecting economic activities、Production and market penetration and other aspects，Promoting innovation、It has an important impact to increase productivity and adjust the market structure。Standard is a form of technical infrastructure，There are quite a lot of compatible content，Standardization can improve efficiency in the technical life cycle，Investment of technological innovation that creates the next cycle can also be suppressed，Extend the existing life cycle to the degree of transition。Although the traditional economic functions of standards in production can limit product selection，Cost advantage in exchange for scale economy，But the standards of other types of advanced production and service systems can actually promote the diversity of the product，to provide customers with more choices。

The theoretical formation stage of standardized research is concerned about technological innovation and industrial development、Information technology and communication technology upgrade。Standard's economic importance is very obvious，Therefore, it has also attracted most economists who are interested in standardization to study this series of basic theoretical issues。The theoretical literature of standardized economics research at this stage is quite rich，But the experience analysis article is relatively small，No full empirical test，Unable to form challenges and sufficient feedback for theoretical thinking。

　　The combination of theoretical improvement and experience analysis

Data because the theoretical Bet365 lotto review model is too strict and lack of empirical research，There is a huge "gap" between theoretical research and empirical research on theoretical research and empirical research，At this stage, while improving the theory of standardization research theory，Scholars start to pay attention to the empirical analysis of standardized research。Enterprise as one of the main body of market activities，is the basic unit that promotes the formulation and implementation of the new standard，Scholars use corporate micro data to conduct empirical inspection of theory，Research content mainly focuses on patents、Intellectual property、Enterprise Development and International Trade。

Standard itself as an information package，Provide solutions for matching problems。Creation standard is a process of collaboration，For complex interoperability standards，Establishment process may involve hundreds of contracts，Cooperation promotion technical standards for innovation、Industry structure and organizational ability can promote。Scholars also discovered，Different from the patent applicant，As a result, "fragmentation of ownership" and then make the technical standards unable to become a system，It will eventually evolve into a standard for standard adoption or high cost。Some scholars think，Fragmentation standards can promote some owners to put the relevant patents into a common pool，Managed by a entity，Incorporate relevant documents into the patent granting process，Improve patented operating efficiency and patent grant process quality。SWANN (2010) believes that the standard itself can spread knowledge，Can Bet365 app download bring knowledge overflow effect，Therefore, the Industrial Technical Standard Alliance as a patent sharing、Important carrier for joint creation and application promotion，Daily becomes the main organization mode of global technical standardization。At the same time，Wakke (2016) also found，Most correlation of the performance and participation standard formulation process of manufacturing enterprises，Enterprises can promote the spread of their innovative products or services by formulating standards，To make the participation standardization become a marketing method。

In the impact of research standards on international trade，Some scholars believe that standards have a promotion effect on trade，Another scholar believes that standards as non -technical trade barriers have a hindrance to international trade。Where，Whether the promotion effect of the standard for trade can offset the hindrance effect of standards for trade becomes a key content of research。At the same time，ISO and IEC, international standardized organizations, etc. are also accelerating the formulation of international standards and promoting standard internationalization，Eliminate barriers in international trade through scientific and technological progress，Enhance international cooperation。

　　The trend of globalization is obvious

Foreign Standardization Studies are in the theoretical improvement and empirical inspection stage，Its research content mainly covers technological innovation、Enterprise Development、International Trade and other levels，With the innovative development of technology，The field of attention is more widely，The globalization trend Bet365 app download of research content is becoming more and more obvious。

yanuardi y. et al. (2021) think，Standard has gradually become an institutional tool for social governance，In a complex management system、Improve social governance efficiency in the social operation system，Global Standards to improve transparency、Participation and accountability mechanism to participate in social governance，help sustainable development and reduce poverty。Current，Scholars have begun to transfer the research focus to the relationship between standards and social welfare。They believe that the lowest quality standard is implemented，Adjustment of incentive measures，Encourage higher public law enforcement，and improve low efficiency，The minimum quality standard for implementing a reasonable structure，Not only can increase social benefits，You can also adjust the distribution of interests。

In terms of environmental governance，With the continuous changes in the global climate，New departments that need to create economy and ecological sustainable products and services in response to climate risk。For these problems，York J. G., etc. (2015) believes that voluntary certification standards need to be required，Except for policy，Social Organization、Marketing intermediaries and entrepreneurs have also played a positive role in promoting standardization certification。For example，Standard circular economy，Design and develop products in accordance with cyclic standards，In industry、City or rural areas can effectively control the efficiency of waste management。

Standardized research not only involves economic fields，It also includes bet365 Play online games political relationships。International Standard Dispute，Those countries with secretariat in ISO have a considerable influence in discussing the formulation of standard agenda。other，There is also a game relationship between the standard formulation of enterprises and the government。For example，Standards used by large companies，It will increase the possibility of promoting this standard。

Standardized Studies Follow the Social Welfare brought by standards。With the increase in globalization,，Standardized Studies Pay more attention to the overall welfare issues worldwide。Market participation subject -between enterprises、Between the government and the enterprise、The trend of cooperation between the country is getting more and more obvious，Under the trend of globalization，The connection between the interesting parties is getting closer and closer，Standard as a unified rule，Able to coordinate the interests of all parties。

On the whole，The main force of foreign standard research is concentrated in European and American countries，It is characterized by the earlier start of research、The research theoretical foundation is complete、The field involved in the institute is wide、Rich research results，and apply standardized research results to production practice。This can be seen，Standard service and different aspects of economic and social development。Although the standardization research in my country starts late，But the main path of research is roughly the same as foreign research paths。At the same time，In recent years, my country's influence in international standardization research is also increasing。

(This article is the bet365 Play online games National Social Science Foundation's major project "Research on Standard Governance and Global Trade Rules" (17zd099) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Economics and Trade, Hunan University)