No large -scale return to poverty is one of the requirements for consolidating and expanding the results of poverty alleviation。As an emergency、Dense、Phenomenon of mass return poverty，The problem of scale returning poverty in recent years has attracted the attention of foreign scholars，Some new research results have been produced。

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Vulnerability (Vulnerability) is a concept of the field of poverty introduced by the World Bank，The tendency to return to poverty and poverty in the poverty of the specific population is vulnerable to external impact，It mainly refers to the probability or risk of individual or family's impact and fall under the poverty line，and the country、Areas or groups may be trapped into a decline and large -scale poverty due to impact。1998 Nobel Prize in Economics Amadia Sen proposed，In order to promote economic development, it must not only eliminate poverty，And to solve the fragile problem that will make people "suddenly fall into severe poverty"。

Generally speaking，Vulnerability comes from two internal factors，One is a tendency to easily impact，The other is the ability to recover from the impact。Bank of the World Bank believes，Vulnerability is the result of the comprehensive effect of risk impact, sensibility and risk resistance ability，Its strength and risk impact size、Type and exposure is related，Resisting the willingness with risks、Ability、Strategy Related。The possibility and strength of the risk impact of bet365 best casino games different regions or population are different，In the face of impact risk exposure、Resistance、The recovery ability is also different，This determines the difference in vulnerable performance。Researchers at the University and Research Center of Wagingen University and Research of the Netherlands found，More easily affected by extreme weather、A strong dependence on agricultural and resource -based industries，As a result, developing countries are stronger than developed countries。and lack of mobile funds，It is difficult to get loans、Social capital and social welfare relief poor groups are often difficult to resist various risks，With stronger poverty vulnerability。

Poverty and vulnerability describes the possibility of poverty because of being vulnerable and difficult to resist impact，The scale and scope of the group involved is greater than the poor group。Poverty and vulnerability is the cause of the poverty -stricken poverty，Only encountering impact and prevention failure，can it lead to returning to poverty and poverty。

As a risk easy sensation、Easy poverty attributes brought by risk resistance，Poverty and vulnerability rooted in a specific population in resources、Congenital disadvantages in ability and power or inadequate acquired。American scholar Oscar Lewis and others proposed that endogenous motivation caused poverty、Social exclusion to poverty and other theories or opinions。For example，Some disadvantaged groups are lacking opportunities for education and medical resources and human capital to enhance the opportunity，Lost development of development，Available by society，Become a poor and vulnerable group。Ami Tia Sen proposed the concept of feasible ability，Explain poverty vulnerability from the Bet365 app download perspective of deprivation or feasibility ability of rights。The development of vulnerability and poverty for development of the country or region，American economist Richard Nelson、Rogner Naxcs Based on the resource -based endowment、Market competition、Social system, etc.，The theory of low -level equilibrium traps and the theory of poverty and vicious circulation was proposed。

　　External impact may cause scale to return to poverty

Poverty and vulnerable groups are weaker in response to external shocks。The so -called external impact includes both emergencies、Individual impact such as accidents and other accidents，also includes economic crisis、Natural disaster、Policy changes、Systemic shocks such as social conflicts，The latter may trigger groupability、scale return to poverty。Different types of impact and vulnerability coupling the mechanism of poverty have different mechanisms。Diseases may cause the labor ability and time of fragile groups、Damage to production efficiency and revenue，It will also lead to an increase in medical expenditure，Squeezing education and productive investment expenditures，Eclipse fragile group consumption power in the future，Affects its human capital and production capital accumulation，Finally, poverty caused by breaking economic balance。Economic crisis or market risk impact will lead to stagnation or decline in development，Treatment of labor demand decline、The unemployment rate rises、Salary reduction，Divergent wealth of the fragile population、The level of welfare is reduced until returning to poverty。

Occurred from external risks，The impact of the risk on the fragile group，Then the fragile group is impacted, causing poverty bet365 live casino games to return to poverty，In this chain，The risk may occur in the short term. It is difficult to avoid，But we can issue risk warning、slow down its impact、Poverty of poverty caused by blocking and preventing impact。In order to cut off the impact "poverty vulnerability -return to poverty to poverty" chain，Need to relieve poverty and vulnerability -reduce the degree of risk exposure and degree (such as improving the living environment、Implementation of income smooth)、Enhance risk resistance ability (such as reserve preventive assets、Build a credit network)、Realize risk dispersion and impact slow release (such as participating in social mutual assistance network、Buy insurance, etc.)。

The scale of the prevention of impact returns to poverty，It is necessary to reduce vulnerability as the kernel，Reduce fragile group risk exposure，Improve its risk resistance，Diversion slow release risks。Risk resistance level is subject to risk resistance，Depending on the front、After the risk resistance strategy。The fragile area and population can build a mutual aid network or a risk sharing network，Relieve fragility，Common risk。，Develop financial market、Improve financial services，Reduce the acquisition and transaction cost of insurance and loan，All help to improve the risk response ability of the fragile population。South African scholars Arden Fien and Merry Leibrant Study discovered，aim at the fragile population，Early involvement through providing income subsidies and other methods，can reduce poverty vulnerability，better prevention of poverty and poverty caused by better prevention of external shocks。

　　Pay attention to the impact of climate change on poverty reduction

World Bank and other Bet365 lotto review international agencies pointed out，Climate change、Regional conflict and new crown pneumonia epidemic，It is very likely to drag the global poverty reduction process，Affected by the above factors，In the low -income economy and developed economies, there will be a phenomenon of scale to cause poverty to return to poverty。

Natural disasters have always been considered one of the key factors that cause the fragile population to fall into poverty，where，Extreme weather events reduce agricultural productivity、Improve food price，Causes the fragile population to fall into poverty。American scholar Noah Difenba Bach and others used the climate economic analysis framework to evaluate climate fluctuations to 16 developing countries、The impact of poverty of 7 socio -economic groups，Discover extreme weather problems leading to Bangladesh、Mexico、Indonesia and other countries in poverty rises。Tanzania's grain production and price is particularly sensitive to climate change，Scholars use model prediction discovery，When the climate changes greatly，It will bring a serious negative impact on the main grain production of the country and put more than 90,000 people into poverty。Even in developed countries，Climate change will also be healthy by destroying infrastructure in the fragile area or damaging the health of the fragile population，Bringing the problem of poverty and returning to poverty。American scholar Bruce Ton and others have evaluated the impact of climate change on the trend of future poverty and health changes in the United States，It is found that extreme weather events may disrupt economic activities，Destroy houses and infrastructure，Millions of dollars into bet365 live casino games poverty。，Climate warming threatens disadvantaged groups such as the elderly，Make them face heat stress、Risks such as air pollution。

From the perspective of relevant scholars，In order to realize the tolerance development of climate change、Relieve poverty problems，Poverty reduction and stable climate change should be placed under the framework of sustainable development，Especially to adapt to climate change、Reduction of disaster risks into the comprehensive framework of environmental management and sustainable poverty reduction，Reduce personal、The vulnerability of the community and socio -economic。British scholar John Shiman proposed，Climate change depends on agriculture、Developing countries and population with lack of funds and technical levels have seriously affected。By evaluating the vulnerability of the family in poverty and food safety，Simulation price -related price、The impact of policy changes on income and food supply，He provided a "climate -poverty impact" control method。Nepalese scholar Capel Kanal and others，，The risk of poverty to the climate is greater，Should guide farmers to adapt to climate change，Preventing hunger and poverty。Dutch scholar Essel Winsmius and others collected the living conditions of some poor people in 52 countries，Mark the space of its life on the map，At the same time, the natural disasters of these places were examined，It is found that the poor people are affected by risks such as drought and floods.。To help these poor people need to formulate priority development policies for them，and reduce the impact of climate change and natural disasters。

(This article is a general project of the National Social Science Foundation bet365 best casino games of the State Social Science Fund "The Early Warning of Large -scale Risks Perspective、Research on Block and Long -Effect Management "(21bjl060) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Economics, Sichuan University、Chengdu Philosophy and Social Sciences Base Research Center of Socialist Political Economics with Chinese Characteristics; School of Economics, Sichuan University)