Employment of college graduates is not only related to the well -being of people's livelihood，And the development of the economy、Social stability and the future of the country，The impact of both national construction and innovation development is far -reaching，It is the "Testing Stone" that tests the talent training of colleges and universities。To promote the full employment of college graduates，Many countries have conducted positive exploration，This article will introduce the United States、Related measures in Germany and Japan。

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The United States has opened the process of popularization of higher education earlier，As early as the 1970s，US higher education gross enrollment rate has reached 50%。In the United States，Graduate employment is related to the reputation of colleges and universities and the external evaluation of colleges and universities，Therefore，All universities will invest a lot of manpower、material resources and funds，Support、Promoting employment of graduates。Universities in the United States generally set up employment guidance、Career Planning、job search service and other departments，Provide students with more professional career planning and employment guidance services。Universities often offer courses such as career planning for low grades，From the employment environment、Selecting career direction and other aspects，Teach students related knowledge。With the rise of the student grade，Especially in the graduation grade，School will provide interview skills、Resume writing、guidance in job hunting bet365 live casino games experience。other，The employment guidance department of some universities will also provide students with long -term services，Even students who have already graduated，You can also return to his alma mater for employment -related guidance and service。

Higher educational costs in the United States，In order to allow more young people to receive higher education，The United States launched a student loan in the 1950s。But then with several changes to the student loan system and the growth of tuition fees in the United States、The amount of student loan is getting higher and higher，Some students choose not to study in college or drop out of school because it is difficult to afford tuition fees or aid loans.，or after many years of graduation，When I have entered middle age and even old,，Still need to continue to repay the student loan。The disorderly expansion of the scale of student loans has exacerbated the crisis of personal and family debt in the United States，A negative impact on people's pension savings ability and willingness to study for further studies。In this background，It is also to promote employment of college graduates，The United States introduced a policy that attracted college graduates to work in a specific region through loans to reduce loans or engage in specific occupations，Among them, two items include "teaching for the United States" and "reserve military official group"。"Teach for the United States" project is excellent、University graduates with potential teachers，Provide it with training，Then teach in the underwriting region that is transported to the United States。The "Reserve Military Regiment" project requires students to take the corresponding course，The school provides basic curriculum scholarships and undertakes all the relevant costs of the students，Students only need to pass the advanced curriculum test and get a degree，will be appointed as an officer。

Bet365 lotto review Data released by the US Department of Labor，Since the epidemic in the new crown pneumonia，There are tens of millions of people unemployed in the United States。Challenges to cope with the employment field，The U.S. government has taken multiple measures，Including a package plan to use public funds to promote employment; help small enterprises to obtain loans and financial support through the "Small Enterprise Salary Protection Plan"; use "economic damage loan" to issue bailout loans to enterprises，Enterprises that meet specific conditions can apply for loans to pay the funds required to maintain the operation of the enterprise，and the loan amount does not need to provide a mortgage when the amount of the loan does not exceed 25,000 US dollars。

　Germany promotes employment with public services

In Germany，Employment issues of college graduates have been closely concerned by all parties in the society for a long time，The dominant role in this field is public institution。The German Federal Labor Bureau has set up dense public employment service outlets in Germany，Provide employment guidance for various groups including college students、Service Consultation and other services。To promote employment，The German government launched the "non -full -day work" system，Under this institutional arrangement，The working hours and work income of the workers will be reduced，But they can get more time that can be flexibly dominated，Social welfare benefits enjoyed by enjoying are not affected，This move played a certain positive role in creating more employment opportunities。

other，The German government also provides subsidies and other methods，Encourage college graduates to enter some relatively "unpopular" low -remuneration industries。Except for normal salary，Those who undertake these jobs can get additional social insurance subsidies，Bet365 lotto review Their children can also get a child subsidy。To improve the employment rate，The German government also encourages enterprises to hire unemployed，Each company hires an unemployed person，If you are qualified to apply for an additional 100,000 euros, a loan。Enterprise employment of unemployed persons can also obtain taxes and unemployment insurance money after more than a certain number of people.。

German universities have traditions that attach importance to vocational education，Some colleges and universities should cultivate skills、Production talents is the main。These universities attach great importance to providing employment guidance for students，Will set up a specialized organization of various forms，Provide students with employment consulting services，It will also provide interview skills、Employment skills、job consultation、Ability test and other courses to further improve students' employment ability。German universities will provide students with practical vocational skills training，Help them determine professional development goals，Improve job search skills。In the binary teaching mode，Collaboration with enterprises with colleges and universities，Invite professionals in the enterprise to school，Forms or lectures through formal lectures，Introduce the standard for employment for students。Enterprises have social duties to provide vocational training for students，You need to provide students with different levels of internship positions，Let students try to work in different positions，Obtain comprehensive professional ability instead of work that can only be engaged in a job。

After the epidemic in the new crown pneumonia，Many German colleges and universities graduate employment competition intensify，For this，Germany introduced economic assistance policies for college graduates，Graduates from German universities cannot find a job temporarily，You Bet365 lotto review can receive the unemployment relief funds of about 400 euros per month，Plus rent、Heating fee and surcharge, as well as subsidies for legal disease insurance and nursing insurance premiums。other，Graduates from German universities can also apply for interest -free loans for the initial stage of the German Fuxing Credit Bank。

　　The Japanese government dominates employment promotion activities

In Japan，The employment of college graduates is led by the government，The government is not only responsible for formulating employment policies，It is also responsible for controlling all aspects of the employment of college graduates，Employment related work through macro -control intervention and guidance of college graduates。Under the background of the government，The employment market plays the basic role，Graduates from college through the two -way selection with employment units to achieve employment。In terms of employment policy，Japan has released laws and regulations such as the "Labor Standards", "Employment Countermeasure Law", "Minimum Wage Law", and "Zero Short Workers Labor Law"，For employment form、Career introduction、The functions of public institutions have been clearly stipulated。The Japanese government also transformed through industrial transformation，Adjust the industrial structure，Development of the third industry、health industry and low -carbon technology，Greed up the market from the needs of employment，To create more employment opportunities。

At the same time，Japanese students can accept long -term employment and entrepreneurial education。Many Japanese students will try to participate in social practice since elementary school，Use the spare time to engage in simple、The job that can be achieved，Experience workplace environment，Try to work or start a business。At the junior high school stage，Schools bet365 best casino games generally open "Vocational Division"，Division of technical and housekeeping to teach the skills or common sense in the work field in life，Let students master basic professional skills and technology。At the university stage，The Japanese government will jointly assume the responsibility of providing employment guidance to college graduates with colleges and universities。It is mainly responsible for formulating the employment promotion policy of college graduates in the Ministry of Culture.，Investigation、Collect and analyze the employment information of graduates across the country，Through the interaction with various economic groups, we will understand the employment activities of enterprises' employment activities for college graduates，Fight for their support。Universities responsible for providing employment guidance for students。On the one hand，All universities usually pay more attention to employment and entrepreneurial education，Will set up a specialized institution to manage students' employment and entrepreneurial work，Set special guidance personnel to provide students with specific、Targeted guidance，Understand and grasp the actual employment of students。On the other hand，Japanese universities also pay more attention to providing vocational ability education for students，Pay attention to the cultivation of students' career view and professional knowledge and skills，so that students are understanding their own personality、Based on ability and preferences，The ability to obtain determination and actively choose its own future development direction，and actively work hard for the development direction of its selected。

(This article is the "2019-2020 Zhejiang Provincial Industry -Academic Cooperation Coordinated Education Project" Labor Education -based Occupation Development Curriculum Teaching Reform "phase results)

Bet365 lotto review (Author Unit: School of Economics, Hangzhou Normal University; School of Fine Arts of Hangzhou Normal University)