The historical source of the Western Chinese Culture is long flowing，As early as two thousand years ago，Zhang Jian opened the Silk Road in the Western Regions。This is a road to trade，It is also an ancient road，This opened the door to the interaction of Chinese and Western civilization。18、19th Century，Ancient Chinese literary works have aroused strong interest from Western Sinologists，Such as "Ancient Wonders", "Dream of Red Mansions", "Good Biography", "Yu Jiao Li" and other Ming and Qing novels were translated into Western languages ​​in the western languages ​​in China。Researchers of these missionaries become researchers in traditional Chinese culture，Some people even become the pioneer of Sinology research。Before 20th century，Most of the translations of Western Sinologists in Chinese novels are mostly for the purpose of missionary and cultural exchanges。The Tang Legend, who belonged to the Chinese novel family, entered the English world in the early 20th century，Looking at the century -old translation process of the legend of the Tang Dynasty，It has gone through three different interpreters and presents very different translations。

　　bet365 Play online games

From the beginning of the 20th century to the end of the 1950s，Tang legend's spread in the British and American sinctions is in an immature period，Mainly translated agglomeration，Focus on the translation of a single legendary Bet365 lotto review text，Especially "Yingying Biography" is the most concerned，There are 5 translations in total，3 of them are non -Chinese、2 translators are Chinese。The earliest known Tang legendary translation of the first known as English is the "Biography of Yingying" translated by British Sinologist Arthur Wili in 1919，included in the "Chinese Literature Translation" compiled by him，The purpose of Wili translation is not to present the overall summary of Chinese literature，Just translate works in order according to your own literary preferences，For "Biography of Yingying"，He adopts literal translation method，omit some plot。Later, in 1929, he was included in the book "Ten Day Talks" by Carlo De Funaro Lian, which was translated by himself.。Weili's "Yingying Biography" translation is constantly selected into various British translations Chinese literature selection，Since then, a Western reader has been exposed to the window of the Tang legend，It has also established the classic status of "Yingying Biography" in the English world。

Western translator clearly incorporated Tang legend into the field of novels is British scholar Edwardz，The "Chinese Prose Literature of the Tang Dynasty" published in 1938 is the most important Tang legendary translation in this period。Among the 79 stories included in the book，The important works of the Tang Legend are all listed.，Including "Yingying Biography"，This is also the most comprehensive Tang legendary translation to date。"Biography of Yingying" In addition to the Weili mentioned above、Translation of Funaro and Edwardz，Two translations also appeared。T.Y Leo's "Yingying Biography" bet365 best casino games translation entitled "West Chamber: Story of the Eighth Century of China"，Insert nine exquisite illustrations in the text，Introduce the summary of the story with graphic and text，But there are some plots that are abandoned without translation，If the two poems written by Cui Yingying to Zhang Sheng finally，Only translated the second song。Chinese scholar Wang Jizhen, who taught by Columbia University, was born in 1944，Select into his selected translation collection "Traditional Chinese Novels"。The content of this translation is relatively complete，But also omitted Yang Juyuan's "Cui Niang Poems" and "Henan Yuanzhang also continued to give birth to" True Poetry "30 rhyme"。For Western readers，This kind of abandoned approach does not seem to prevent the understanding of the entire story，But if you translate the poems inserted in the original text，In fact, it is more conducive to readers' attitude of people at that time to abandon Zhang Sheng at the time，to better understand the theme of the story。The characteristic of this translation is that there are 15 comments in the full text，Mainly to take care of Western readers，The location appeared in the explanation text、Year, character behavior, etc.。

　　Tang legendary English translation step into the prosperous period

The Tang Legend of the English World in the English World was in a booming period in the 1960s and 1970s，With the Chinese Sinology community as the main position。The more famous Tang legendary works such as "Ren's Biography", "Liu Yi Biography", "Li Wa Zhuan", "Nanke Emperor's Biography" produced multiple translations。The monograph "Golden Bet365 app download Box: Two Thousand Years Chinese Novels" published in 1964 is based on the German sinologist Bao Wu Gang and Fu Haibo translated into English。This book contains 46 Chinese stories，Most of them are short stories，The time span is from the Warring States Period to the Qing Dynasty，Including 8 legends in the Tang Dynasty，"Ren's Biography", "Yingying Biography", "Biography of the Southern Ko", "Biography of Li Wa", "The Biography of the Passenger", "The Red Line", "The Biography of Men", "Huo Xiaoyu Biography"。The translator completely abandon the poem and text cited in the story in the translation，The reason is that although they can understand the important plots in the original text，Few people can understand poetry like Arthur Weri，and can translate the meaning of poetry。

1965，The "Chinese Literature Treasure" compiled by Zhai's father and son was published in New York。The translator stated in the preface that the book was to introduce ancient Chinese and modern literature to the Western Gate，Translator divides Chinese literature as prose、Novels and Drama three categories，and extend the time of the included works to modern。Among them, Chapter 5 is "The Legend of the Tang Dynasty"，Translation of "Huo Xiaoyu Biography", "Ren's Biography", "Wushuang Biography", "Nanke's Emperor's Biography"、"Biography of the Passenger" and other works。The translator attribute his translation to literal translation，It is intended to be closer to the source text。But the translator also regrets，Due to the fundamental differences in Chinese and English，Any translation，No matter how well you Bet365 lotto review do，Always reached the flavor of the source text。

　　The multi -directional development phase of the legendary English translation

1983 British Chinese scholar Zhang Xincang published "Chinese Literature 3: Monster Novels"，Including seven Tang Legend，"Ren's Biography", "Li Soul", "Lujiang Feng Zhi Biography" and "Continuing Xuan Qi Lu" "Xue Wei", "Li Weigong Jing", "Zhang Feng" and "Zhang Lao"，Before each translation of each article, there is a small paper that analyzes the work，It can be said that this is a monograph with equivalent translation and research。The author also introduced more than 30 Tang legend，Most of them are about the story of ghosts and gods，Although illusory is the main purpose of the story of the Tang legend，But Zhang Xincang pointed out，The authors of the Tang Legend often tend to express the truth，Write the work intentionally or unintentionally as a historical biography。

Since the 21st century，The spread of the legend of the Tang Dynasty in the English world、Impact and research enters multi -directional degree、Multi -level slow development stage。Researchers actively explain the legendary text of the Tang Dynasty，From a broad field of vision and accessible knowledge，Promote the booming growth of the Tang legend in the exotic context。During this period, there are two main elections in the Tang Legend of the Tang Dynasty: one is the "Chinese Classical Literature English Translation Collection" compiled by British Sinologist Min Ford and Liu Shaoming in 2000.，"Pillow", "Ren's Biography", "Li Soul", "Liu Yi Biography", "Yingying Biography", "Hakka Biography", "E engraver", "Du Zichun", "Biography of Hejian"Bet365 lotto review 。The editor considers that the original cultural charm will inevitably lose，Therefore, calligraphy that comes from the topic and the content of the story in the book、Painting、Traditional woodcut illustrations、seal and pioneering, etc.。This also reflects the uniqueness of the book，Exploring a strong Chinese traditional cultural flavor。The other is the "Tang Dynasty Story Reading Guide" edited by the 2010 American Sinologist William (H. Nienhauser)，Among them, 6 legendary works of the Tang Dynasty were translated，Including "Red Line", "Du Zichun", "Book of Pillow", "The Biography of the Southern Ko", "The Biography of the Passenger", "Huo Xiaoyu Biography"。These translations are extremely detailed annotations，The purpose is to facilitate readers to have a deeper understanding of the legend of the Tang Dynasty。

The British translation history of the Tang Legend is long，The translation group is diversified，Although Western sinologists in the West have contributed a variety of English translations，But the translated object is extremely uneven，Famous articles such as "Yingying Biography", "Li Wa Zhuan", "Huo Xiaoyu Biography" and other famous articles，There are many Tang legendary works that have not been included in the translator's vision。With the implementation and promotion of the "going global" strategy of traditional Chinese culture，I believe that more Tang legendary works will be recognized and appreciated by Western readers。

(This article is the Hunan Social Science Fund Project (17WLH32)、Hunan Provincial Department of Education Outstanding Youth Project (18B490) phased results)

bet365 best casino games (Author Unit: School of Literature and News Communication of Huaihua College)