Late 19th to early 20th century，France launched a popular bet365 tennis bet movement in the context of the cultural popularization of social democracy and mass education，And many pioneers in drama innovation theory and practice emerged from this。As a French writer and dramatist, Jacques Coppeau and his practical experience of finding "new audiences" with the "Sons of Coppeau" had a profound impact on French popular drama，And became an important milestone in the historical origin of modern French drama。Today in the 21st century，The former residence of Cobo has become a French drama education and research base through the integrated operation of "industry, academia and research"，Explore ways for us to cultivate "new audiences" in drama、The path provides reference and inspiration。

　　Old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet and Copper’s bet365 tennis bet Innovation Concept

French drama once became commercialized under the influence of business and capital in the 18th century、Industrialized assembly line production model，The rupture between its literature and artistry has caused concerns among intellectuals，They call for a rediscovery of the deep connection that has been severed between French literature and drama。1913，The old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet established by Jacques Copeau as a pioneer on the left bank of the Seine River, which symbolizes culture and art，It is an important and representative landmark。Jacques Coppeau is a writer、Director、Actor、Leader of the Troupe，Also the founder of the Vieux Dovecote bet365 tennis bet in Paris。On Cobo’s dramatic path，He fought to restore the broken link between bet365 tennis bet and culture，And fight with all your strength against all the mercantilist drama。Old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet aims to reform stage space、Director、Repertoire、Actors perform to reconstruct French drama，And build new relationships with the public。Copper’s idea of ​​trying to find a “new audience”，Created an illuminating path in the history of French popular bet365 tennis bet and the provincialization of theatre。

To realize this new ideal，As early as September 1913，Copper published the article "Innovative Attempts in Drama: The Old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet" in the "New France Magazine"，Propose his organizational method that is different from the usual system of Parisian commercial drama。Everyone knows，Paris is divided into the left bank and the right bank by the Seine，Inherent "Left Bank Chongwen"，The theory of "merchant on the right bank"，Because there are many cultural and educational institutions on the Left Bank，Sorbonne University in the Latin Quarter、Institutions such as the Collège de France，The right bank is home to places that symbolized money consumption in the 18th century，Like Galeries Lafayette、Paris Opera House, etc.。The choice of the Old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet to build its identity on the Left Bank is self-evident，Its goal was to compete with the assembly-line commercial drama of the time，Therefore, the performance hall of the bet365 tennis bet is a small bet365 tennis bet that can only accommodate about 500 seats，And only to maintain operations and not to make profits。

In the original operating plan of the Old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet，Including many cultural promotion plans that are still advanced today，For example, it is equivalent to today’s widely popular membership system, etc.。In maintaining the artistic standards and innovation of dramatic works，The bet365 tennis bet adopts the "alternating performance" model，That is, at least three works will be staged alternately every week，Thus continuing to innovate in maintaining the standard of the repertoire，Don’t rely on the success of a single work and fall into the trap of commercial drama。However at this time，The target audience Copper is trying to find is educated writers、A "minority" audience among artists and foreign intellectuals in the Latin Quarter，This idea of ​​being separated from the public also lays hidden dangers for its subsequent practice。

Due to the outbreak of World War I，The bet365 tennis bet closed a year after its opening，Until 1920 when the old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet opened again。Despite the continued success of the show at the Old Pigeon Nest Theatre，But these developments are not enough to make up for the bet365 tennis bet’s operations，The number of subscribers is not enough to fill the bet365 tennis bet’s long-term deficit。September 1924，Copper decided to temporarily close the bet365 tennis bet，Gather a few actors and go to Burgundy to start a dramatic experiment。Although the old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet failed to realize its utopian ideals，But in the 1950s, its ahead-of-its-time operating model was re-adopted by Jean Vilar, the founder of the Avignon bet365 tennis bet Festival in France, at the National People's bet365 tennis bet，And Coppeau and his companions also left a unique mark on the history of French popular bet365 tennis bet。

　The transformation bet365 tennis bet "elite" to "mass"

After the closing of the Old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet，Coppeau and his followers came to Burgundy, far away from Paris，This place is not only famous for its wine，It is also known as the "Golden Corner" in France because of the golden beauty of the vineyards in the mountains and fields in autumn。They settled down in Pernant-Vergeles, a small village in Burgundy，This eventually became the location of Cobo’s former residence。Just because I was far away from the capital Paris, I got in touch with the French countryside，Allows the goal of finding “new audiences” to experiment in a purer environment，And ultimately closely linked Coppeau's theatrical experiments with the history of French popular bet365 tennis bet。

The bet365 tennis bet troupe carried out almost "mysterious" bet365 tennis bet experiments in a solitary environment and under extremely scarce economic conditions。They are performing、Action、Impromptu practice、Mask、Finding purity in dance and music，The purpose is to connect with nature，And get rid of the drawbacks of commercial drama。Cobo established an almost "ascetic" life for this troupe，His strict requirements are consistent with the "blank open-air stage" aesthetic，Oppose all the decorative doctrines of the star system in performances and actors。The troupe’s practice lasted for more than 4 years，Until the troupe is disbanded。Their footsteps from the vineyards and villages of Burgundy，Gradually spread to Bona、Chalong，Later also reached the border of Brussels and Geneva，Their greatest achievement is to enable the entire region to enjoy high-quality bet365 tennis bet productions。

The dramatic practice of Coppeau and his companions known as the "Sons of Coppeau" in Burgundy，Let Cobo’s companions find a “new audience”，This happens to be a "popular audience"，That is, the audience of farmers who grow grapes。However, for Cobo，The performance of his young troupe is nothing more than an "experiment"，And the audience is just a "test" to help the actors escape from the routine of Parisian commercial drama。Although this disagreement led to great conflict between Copper and his students，But in the subsequent years of French popular drama，Their thinking about "new audiences" became a key factor: Coppaud's students such as Jean Dasty、Michel Saint-Denis and other "sons of Coppeau" actually became the forerunners of the postwar movement to provincialize French drama。In fact，When Cobo looks for “niche”、After the idea of ​​“elite” audience suffered continuous failures，There was a definite change in his views from the 1930s。Coppeau’s voice was echoed in the practice of Jean Vilar in the 1950s，Villard’s continuation of the ideas of the pioneers of French popular bet365 tennis bet can be seen through his reforms at the Avignon bet365 tennis bet Festival and the National People’s bet365 tennis bet，That is, to the broadest possible public audience，This also marks the historical peak of the popular bet365 tennis bet movement in France in the 20th century。

　　The importance of cultivating “bet365 tennis bet”

Copper founded the Old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet in 1913，Become the source of innovation in modern French drama。Today，Pernant-Vergeles in Burgundy，In this small village where Cobo and his companions were stationed in 1925，100 years after the founding of the Old Pigeon Nest bet365 tennis bet，Cobo’s former residence has been reopened to the public since October 2013，And opened a new history of science research。From the establishment of the first Cobo House Symposium in 2013 to the present，Cobo’s former residence brings together French and European experts and scholars in the fields of drama research, creation and practice through the combination of "industry, academia and research"、Playwright、Artist、Actor，There are also local villagers living in Pernan-Vergeles。Through regularly organized academic forums、Drama Workshop、Practice base and other forms，Continuing the spirit of cultivating “new audiences”。For example, every autumn，Cobo’s former residence regularly holds three-day academic seminars and training activities with drama schools，Partnering universities that have participated in bet365 tennis bet forums and training at Coppeau’s House over the years include the New Sorbonne University、Conservatoire National Supérieure des Dramatic Arts Strasbourg、National School of Drama in Lyon、Teachers and students from French bet365 tennis bet universities such as the Florent bet365 tennis bet School。The guests invited to the bet365 tennis bet seminar include authoritative experts in the field of French bet365 tennis bet research、Artists, etc.，The main goal is to communicate through close dialogue and discussion，Cultivating young bet365 tennis bet workers and bet365 tennis bet lovers to develop a deep thinking spirit，The contemporary mission of inheriting drama research and practice。

The scientific research and educational activities of Coppeau’s former residence reflect to a certain extent a series of dilemmas and challenges faced by French drama today，That is, the aging problem of the main audience group and the urgent need to cultivate young forces。This is because of the “mass education” movement in France since the 1930s，Drama, as a way to popularize culture, has cultivated a stable audience group，However, this has also led to the current aging of the French audience，Therefore，Cultivate young audiences、Popularizing bet365 tennis bet culture has become a challenge and top priority for French bet365 tennis bet today。

It can be seen from this，How to find and cultivate “new audiences” is a problem that needs to be solved in the development of French drama，This is of great significance to enhance the influence of French drama on the world bet365 tennis bet stage。

(bet365 tennis bet article was funded by the 2020 Postdoctoral International Exchange Program Introduction Project)

(Author’s unit: School of Liberal Arts, Renmin bet365 tennis bet of China)