At the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，France set off a popular drama movement in the context of the cultural popularity of social democracy and mass education，And thereby emerging many pioneers of theory and practice of drama innovation。Jacques Kobe, as a French writer and theater, and its practical process of finding "new audiences" with the "son of Kobo" has a profound impact on French popular drama，and become an important milestone in the history of the history of modern France。Today in the 21st century，Kebo's former residence has become a French drama education and research base through the integration of "industry -university -research"，How to explore the "new audience" method for us to explore the "new audience"、The path provides reference and inspiration。

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French drama has formed commercialization after the birth of commercial and capital in the 18th century、Industrialized assembly line production mode，Fracture of their literature and artistic triggers caused by concerns of intellectuals，They call for a deep connection between French literature and drama being split。1913，As a pioneer, Jacques Kobo is the old pigeon nest theater established by the Senna River that symbolizes the cultural and artistic art，It is an important landmark with representative significance。Jacques Copper is a writer、Director、Actor、The head of the troupe，Also the founder of the Paris Pigeon Nest Theater。On Kobe's drama road，He struggle to reconstruct the break bet365 best casino games between drama and culture，and do every effort to fight against all the major businessist dramas。Lao Ge Nest Theater aims to use the reform stage space、Director、Act、Actor performance rebuilt French drama，Establish a new relationship with the public。Kebo tries to find the idea of ​​"new audience"，It has created a very inspiring road in the history of French popular drama and drama.。

To realize this new ideal，As early as September 1913，Kobo published the article "Announcement of the Drama: The Lao Ge Nest Theater" in "New French Magazine"，Proposal that he and Paris business drama are different from organizational methods。Wish to know，Paris is divided into the left bank and the right bank by the Sina River，Inherent "Left Bank Heavy Text，Right Bank Readent "said，Because there are many cultural education institutions on the left bank，If the University of Sorbon in the Latin District、French College and other institutions，and the right bank is located in the place where the 18th century symbolizes money consumption，Such as Lafayette Department Store、Paris Opera House, etc.。Old Pigeon Nest Theater chooses to be based on the left bank.，Its goal is to compete with the current commercial drama at that time，Therefore, the theater's performance hall is a small theater that can only accommodate about 500 seats，and only take operations without profitability。

In the original operating plan of the old pigeon nest theater，Including many cultural promotion plans that still seem advanced today，For example, it is equivalent to the extensive membership system today。In terms of the artistic standard and innovation of maintaining the drama works，The theater adopts the "alternate bet365 best casino games performance" mode，That is, at least three works per week alternately，Therefore, continuous innovation in maintaining the level of the repertoire，Do not rely on the success of a single work and fall into the mortar of commercial drama。But at this time，The target audience group tried to find is educated writers、Artists and "minority" audience among foreign intellectuals in the Latin region，This idea of ​​breaking away from the public also lays hidden dangers for its subsequent practice。

Due to the outbreak of the First World War，The theater was closed one year after the opening of the theater，Until 1920 Old Pigeon Nest Theater opened again。Although the performance of the old pigeon nest theater continued to succeed，But these progress is not enough to make up for the operation of the theater，The number of subscribers is not enough to fill the long -term loss of the theater。September 1924，Ke Bo decided to temporarily close the theater，Gathered several actors to go to Burgundy to launch drama experiments。Although the old pigeon nest theater failed to realize its utopian ideal，But in the 1950s, its advanced operating model was used by the founder of the Avigne Drama Festival in France.，and Kobo and his companions also left a unique seal in the history of French popular drama。

　The way from "elite" to "public"

After the old pigeon nest theater is closed，Kobo and his followers came to Burgundy, far away from Paris，This is not only known for not only because of the rich wine，Also enjoy the "golden horns" reputation in France due to the golden beauty of the mountains in the autumn。They settle down in a small village in Burgundy's small village in Burgundy，Here it will bet365 live casino games eventually become the place where Kobo's former residence is。Because it is far from the capital Paris, I have contact with the French countryside，Make the goal of finding "new audiences" can experiment in a more pure environment，and finally let Kobo’s drama experiments closely linked with the history of the popular drama in France。

The theater troupe has carried out almost "mysterious" drama experiments in the environment of the group and the extremely scarce economic conditions。They are performing、Action、Improved exercise、Mask、Finding pureness in dance and music，The purpose is to establish contact with nature，and get rid of the disadvantages of commercial drama。Kobo established a life group a life of almost "ascetic monks"，His strict requirements are consistent with the aesthetics of the "blank open -air stage"，Decorativeism of all the star systems that appear on performances and actors。The practice of the troupe lasted for more than 4 years，until the troupe dissolution。Their footprints from Burgundy's vineyards and villages，Gradually spread to Bona、Chalong，Later, I also reached the border between Brussels and Geneva，Their biggest achievement of their most is to enable the entire area to enjoy high -quality drama works。

Kobo and the companions known as the "son of Kobo" in the drama practice of Burgundy，Let Kobo's companions find "New Audience"，This is exactly a group of "popular audiences"，That is the peasant audience who plant grapes。However, for Kobo，The performance of his young drama troupe is just some kind of "experiment"，and the audience just helps actors get rid of the "test" of Paris business drama routines。Bet365 lotto review Although this difference causes a huge conflict with Kobo and his students，But in the follow -up years of the French Popular Drama，Their thinking about "new audiences" has become a key factor: Kobe's students are as promoted to Desti、Michelle San-Danny and other "Son of Kobo" actually become the pioneer of the post-war French drama outerization campaign。In fact，When Kobo looks for "niche、Elite "audience's imagination encountered after continuous failure，His concept has shifted clearly from the 1930s。Kobo's call has echoed in the practice of letting Willarle，The reforms of the French Popular Drama pioneers in the Avinion Drama Festival and the National Public Theater through the reform of the French Pophy，That is, for the extensive popular audience as possible，This also marks the historical peak of the French 20th Century Popular Drama Movement。

　　Cultivate the important meaning of "new audience"

Kobo founded the old pigeon nest theater in 1913，The source of the innovation of modern French drama。time to this day，Pieran-Veorices in Burgundy，In this small village where Koba and his companions stationed in 1925，Old Pigeon Nest Theater was founded 100 years later，Kobo's former residence has re -opened to the public since October 2013，and opened a new history of Kobo's research。Since the establishment of the first disciplinary seminar in 2013，Kobo's former residence brings together experts and scholars in the fields of drama research and creation and practice in France and Europe through the combination of "industry -university -research".、Drama Writer、Artist、Actor，There are also local villagers living in Perinan-Veeleis。Through regularly organized Bet365 lotto review academic forums、Drama Workshop、Practice base and other forms，Continue the spirit of cultivating the "new audience"。For example, autumn every year，Kebo's former residence regularly held a three -day academic seminar forum and the training activities gathered by theater colleges，Cooperative universities that have participated in the Drama Forum and Training of Kobo's former residence over the years include New Sorbon University、Strasbourg National Theater College of Drama Art、Lyon National High Drama Academy、French Drama Academy and other universities in French drama fields。The guests invited to the Drama Seminar include authoritative experts in the field of French drama research、Artist, etc.，Its main goal is to communicate and discuss through close -range dialogue and discussion，Cultivate young drama workers and drama enthusiasts to form a deep psychological spirit，Contemporary mission of inheriting drama research and practice。

The scientific research and educational activities of Kobo's former residence reflect a series of dilemma and challenges facing French drama today，That is the aging problem of the audience's main force group and the urgent needs of cultivating young power。This is because France since the "mass education" movement in the 1930s，Drama trains a stable audience group as a cultural popularization method，However, this has also led to the characteristics of the aging of the audience in France，So，Cultivate young audience、Popularity of Drama Culture has become the challenge and priority facing French drama today。

This can be seen，How to find and cultivate "new audiences" is a problem that needs to be solved on the road to the development of French drama，This is Bet365 lotto review of great significance to enhance the influence of French drama on the world drama stage。

(This article was funded by the 2020 post -doctoral international exchange plan)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Renmin University of China)