Under the joint promotion of Russian historical curriculum standards and Russian foreign policy，Russian historical textbooks are more ink for Chinese history，Related content is generally more objective，Although there are still worthy of scrutiny or unreasonable features，But overall helps Russian middle school students understand the development of Chinese history，Seeing the role of China in the process of world history development，Aware of the development achievements made by New China。

　　Bet365 lotto review

2014，Russia has formulated the "Outline of the General Outline of the New Teaching Law of History of History"，It is stipulated that the National History Association and various publishers organize experts to write new historical textbooks，After published different versions of textbooks，But the version gradually decreases，The system is gradually clear。2021，To strengthen patriotism education and improve student quality，Russia promulgated the new version of historical textbooks，There are three main versions，that is, а.в. Tolukonova Scheme、O. B. Volobayev and A. B. Kishkova Plan、b. P. Meinuski solution，Each region and schools can be freely selected in these three versions。Although there are certain differences between historical textbooks above the above versions，but both consisting of two parts: Russian history and world history，The content settings must meet the unified curriculum standard。The following will take the new Russian historical textbook as an example，Explore the content related to Chinese Bet365 app download history and its distribution。

Russia started from grade 5，Open a historical course，The training content is ancient history of the world，6-11 grades to open two courses of world history and Russian history，Among them, the 10-11 courses are mainly Russian history。The content of Chinese history in Russian history textbooks is more dispersed。In the "Ancient History of the World", it is distributed in Chapter 22-23 of Chapter 6，That is, "What did Confucius in China taught us" and "China's first unity"。distributed in "History of the World" in Chapter 10, Chapter 31，That is, "Medieval Asia: China、India and Japan "。distributed in Chapter 4, Chapter 4-30，In the description of colonial activities in Oriental Society and European countries, China。distributed in "1800-1900 World History" in Chapter 5, Section 28，Analysis of China's feudal system and the lagging problem of modernization process。"Modern History of the World" Chapter 14 Overview of the situation in China，Chapter 2 Section 31 explains the status of Asia and African countries，Among them, there are more content about China。"World Contemporary History" Chapter 1 Section 3 involves China during the First World War，Chapter 2 Verse 12 analyzes China from 1918-1939，Chapter 3 introduced the situation and role of China during World War II，Chapter 4 Section 24 analyzed the situation in China after World War II，Chapter 5 Analysis of China's economic development achievements when telling the 21st century global history。

　　There are differences in the image description of China in different periods

Russian Middle School History Textbooks use time as axis，Elapse the history of various countries in a special form，Related content in Chinese history runs through the historical bet365 live casino games textbooks of grades 5-10。Reading all grades of world historical textbooks can be found，In it，There are differences in China's image in different historical periods。

When introducing ancient Chinese history，Textbooks show the prosperous and strong Chinese image。The content of ancient Chinese history appeared in Russian historical textbooks in grades 5-8，Due to the long history of China，Coupled with complicated history，So I only briefly introduced important information about ancient Chinese history，Among them, the history before the Qin and Han dynasties is relatively high。

Russia's historical textbooks respect Confucius，A full section introduces the life of Confucius in the historical textbooks of grades 5、Thought、Social contribution and their works，and 5 direct quoting Confucius' discussion，It also explained Confucius’s educating thoughts, etc.。

"Ancient History of the World" Section 23 introduced the first unified centralized feudal feudal dynasty in Chinese history -Qin Dynasty，It mainly involves Qin Shihuang unified China、Great Wall、The wisdom of the Chinese people and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Shihuang，The compass was also used in the textbook、Pictures of the Great Wall and Terracotta Warriors，Let students understand the situation of ancient China more intuitively。

Grade 6 History textbook introduced Tang、Song、Yuan and other dynasties。in Tang、The parts related to Song mainly introduced the Silk Road and the Grand Canal，About the Yuan Dynasty focused on the rise of Mongolia、Genghis Khan Expedition and ancient capital Beijing。other，I also introduced the education and scientific development of China at that time，clarified that China has advanced agriculture bet365 Play online games and handicrafts，Invention creation activities are also very active，It also analyzes the international influence of Chinese culture during the Tang and Song dynasties。The pictures in this chapter are also quite "Chinese style"，There are Chinese monks、Beijing Temple、Tang Sancai and embroidery works。

Grade 7 History Textbooks take China as an example to explore the status of Eastern countries，But there is no detailed introduction to the process of Chinese history，The focus is on the comparison of the Eastern and Western social models，Focus on analyzing the role of state institutions，Reflecting the differences in the management model of East and West countries，In addition, it also explored the hierarchical system of the Eastern countries。

Introduction to Chinese history after the textbook，Russian middle school students see more about a humiliation and not given up，Keep exploring China that has risen again in the end。The content of modern Chinese history in Russian historical textbooks appeared in the 8-9th grade courses，roughly introduced the history of modern China from three aspects: First, the Western powers opened the frenzy of dividing the world after the industrial revolution，China has gradually become a semi -colonial and semi -feudal society; the second is the aggression that the Chinese people strive to resist Western powers，and use the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and Boxer Movement as a representative in this regard; the third is that the Qing government was forced to take some rescue measures，Such as the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of Wuxu，But in the end, the results are limited，The national crisis gradually deepen。

1900-1950 Chinese history was placed by Russia's historical textbooks in the modern history.，Related content mainly appears bet365 live casino games in the 9th grade textbooks，Not big in length。It mainly introduces the exploration of the Chinese people to get rid of humiliation、The birth of the Communist Party of China、Red Army Long March、The process of resisting Japanese aggression and the social and economic conditions of China in the first half of the 20th century。

The introduction to New China also appears in the 9th grade historical textbooks，Analysis of the development of New China in accordance with time，Introduction to the establishment of New China、Development and progress，After the reform and opening up, China's huge achievements in the economic field，The journey of the Chinese people's exploration and selection of its own development path, etc.。

　　Objective introduction and discussion coexist

Overall，Historical textbooks in Russia by introducing the history of Chinese periods，Generally outlines the context of Chinese history for students，Its related content has the following characteristics。

First, take time as axis，Overview important historical events and characters with a special mode，This can echo the requirements of the training plan in the Russian historical curriculum standard，It can also cultivate students' historical thinking，Deepen their understanding and understanding of China。

Second, it is more objectively introducing the history of all periods of China，Especially ancient Chinese history。This part runs through the historical teaching of grades 5-8，In addition to the introduction of the ancient Chinese regime change，It also introduced China's culture and its international influence with a large space。

Third, emphasize the status of China's great country。Except for modern times，China in Russian historical textbooks has always appeared in the image of a great country，bet365 best casino games The relevant textbooks clarify that the Silk Road is an important channel for the economic exchanges of ancient East and West，Chinese science and technology at the world's leading level in ancient times，Not only the four major inventions have far -reaching influence，Agriculture and handicraft technology is also far ahead。

Fourth is introduced the various difficulties faced by the beginning of the New China，Appreciation of the hard work of the Chinese people and the great achievements made by New China。

But there are some discussion on China in Russian historical textbooks，Specific performance as: on the one hand，Course settings are vaguely blurred，Harry students can hardly clearly outline the context of complete Chinese historical development，As the ancient history part introduces the strong dynasty，For the history before the Spring and Autumn Period, and the words of the three northern and northern dynasties of the Three Kingdoms, the words are not mentioned。On the other hand，The explanation of some events is worthy of scrutiny，If the opium war between the Opium War and Western powers is divided，It is not mentioned to Russia's occupation of a large number of territories in China，inconsistent with historical facts; when telling the Second World War，Nor mentioned the role of the Chinese people's Anti -Japanese War at the global level。other，Somewhat casual in the words of words，The title of the chapter of the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of Western Movement in Russian History Textbooks are titled "Anti -Modernization History"，Although China at that time was constrained by many factors, it failed to start the process of industrial revolution，But it is not appropriate to summarize it as "anti -modernization tradition"。

(This article is the Bet365 app download Studies of the State History of Golden Tutor Khan "(21BSS006) in the State Social Science Foundation Project)

(Author Unit: School of History and Politics of Guizhou Normal University)