The establishment of an innovation and entrepreneurial course in colleges and universities will help cultivate students' innovation and entrepreneurship awareness and ability，You can provide more innovative and entrepreneurial talents。The United States attaches importance to the popularization and improvement of innovation and entrepreneurship courses，contributed to promoting economic development and enhancing the employment rate of college graduates。

　bet365 live casino games

1947，Harvard University Business School opened the "New Capital Management" as the first entrepreneurial course of American universities in the United States.。But，Subsequent 20 years，Entrepreneurship has not been developed well，Professor who opened the "New Enterprise Management" course also shifted the research direction to the board of directors of large enterprises。1947-1967 can be said to be the bud stage of the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship courses in American universities，During this period，The number of related courses is not large，Types are also relatively single。Starting in the late 1960s，The economic growth rate of the United States gradually slows down，leading to large -scale unemployment。To change this situation，The ability to restore enterprises to provide employment，The U.S. government encourages universities to carry out entrepreneurial education，Make the construction of entrepreneurial courses into the starting stage。This stage lasted until 1990。At this stage，Entrepreneurship education in American universities develops rapidly，Improving the effectiveness of the cultivation of entrepreneurs and corporate managers，Injecting fresh power into the economic recovery。For example，Stanford University Business School Bet365 lotto review opened "Risk Capital" related courses in 1979，In 1983, three courses on "entrepreneurship" and "big company leaders"。In addition，courses related to the founding and management of small and medium -sized enterprises have also begun to increase。Enter the 1990s，About 1,500 universities in the United States have the entrepreneurial course system，Training "Innovative Talent" is also proposed and emphasized as a separate goal。

Current，American innovation and entrepreneurial education institutions roughly three organizational modes: focus mode、Radiation mode and magnet mode。Organization model according to innovation and entrepreneurship education，Curriculum organization implementation is also different。Focus mode refers to innovation and entrepreneurial education in the business school or management college，Cultivate innovative and entrepreneurial professionals、Innovative and entrepreneurial teachers and researchers。This model has stricter requirements for students，The professionalism and systemicity of the curriculum content，There are more students who really choose entrepreneurs after graduation。Harvard University is a typical representative of this model，Its goals are clear，Cultivate entrepreneurs，Therefore, except for students from business schools，Only a few students can apply for entrepreneurial courses through application。Radiation mode refers to the distribution of teaching resources to each college，Create an innovation and entrepreneurial course according to professional characteristics，Make it the main body of course construction。For example，Organic combination of discipline knowledge with entrepreneurial knowledge，Fusion courses such as "Art Entrepreneurship", "Business and Enterprise", "Technology and Society"。Magnetic mode is the most common innovation and entrepreneurial education model in American universities，Focus on the concentration of educational resources，It will be selected for the secondary selection bet365 best casino games of the whole school，from the business school、The School of Management and other institutes undertakes the task of opening an innovative and entrepreneurial course，Students who are selected can study at the above -mentioned departments。

Some American universities will set up a special curriculum management institution，Responsible for coordinating and integrating teaching resources in the school，R & D、Management Innovation and Entrepreneurship Course，Construction of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Course System，Formulate and implement curriculum plan。These institutions will also reserve and provide venture capital，Contact startups to help students carry out innovative and entrepreneurial practice activities，Find resources for the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education，Guarantee innovation and entrepreneurship courses to carry out smoothly。For example，The "Michigan Entrepreneurship Center" at Michigan State University、"Cornell Business Plan" at Cornell University、"Stanford Entrepreneurs Education Center" at Stanford University。Establishment of specialized management agencies helps to set course goals with strong practicality，Development of curriculum content close to actual，System planning curriculum development method and curriculum evaluation。

Generally speaking，American universities that offer innovation and entrepreneurship courses will pass the knowledge related to the creation or management enterprise，Guide students to pay attention to innovative and entrepreneurial activities related to their own disciplines，Enhance students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship theory and practice，Improve its innovation and entrepreneurial ability，Shape its spirit of innovation and entrepreneurs。So，Students can use both practical opportunities provided by the school，Bold attempt，Enhance your actual work ability，The ability and quality that entrepreneurs should have，Lay the foundation for the future innovation and entrepreneurial activities。

Cultivate innovative and entrepreneurial thinking and ability

In terms of curriculum system construction，Combination of basic courses and unique courses，Covering many aspects of knowledge and ability has attracted the attention of many American universities。For example，Known as the basic paradigm of American entrepreneurial courses Paponson College Business School Entrepreneurship Curriculum，Integrating the thoughts and spirit needed to deal with future challenges、Knowledge and skills、conditions and quality of elements，Divided into general courses and core courses。General Course Covering Foreign Civilization、History、Literature and Art、Ethics、Natural Science、Six major areas of social analysis。Core courses include business opportunity discovery、Entrepreneurs、Business Plan、Funding strategy and rapid development of five parts。At the same time，According to the students' cognitive level and acceptance ability，Divided into junior courses、Intermediate courses and advanced courses。

Innovative and entrepreneurial courses of American universities pay more attention to students' innovative thinking、Entrepreneurship spirit and entrepreneurial skills training。For example，The innovative and entrepreneurial courses of Streeus Institute of Technology include two theoretical courses: "technical knowledge" and "entrepreneurial knowledge"，"Invention Experience" and "Entrepreneurship Experience" two practical courses。In the four -year undergraduate study，Early period (grade 1-2) is mainly technical knowledge and invention experience，Late (grade 3-4) is mainly based on entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial experience，Targeting related entrepreneurial courses as the goal。On the basis of conveying knowledge，American universities also attach importance to providing experience opportunities for students through curriculum and classroom design，To realize the perceptual understanding of complex theoretical knowledge，Stimulate students' interest and potential。

Some American universities have offered entrepreneurial bet365 live casino games elective and entrepreneurial minor courses。For example，The University of Virginia University of Engineering and Applied Sciences Engineering and Social needs、Tight combination of learning and applications as the basic goals，Develop entrepreneurial elective courses and minor courses。Its entrepreneurial elective courses include "technical entrepreneurship" and "social entrepreneurship"。The main content of the "Technical Entrepreneurship" course is how to create "seeds"，Senior teachers or external enterprises from the Department of Engineering、Industry experts teach。"Social Entrepreneurship" course focuses on cultivating students' social practical ability and leadership ability，It is mainly taught by teachers from the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences。To promote the transformation and application of scientific research results，The College has established the Department of Engineering and Sociology，To promote the incubation and industrialization of related patented and technical projects。2015，The construction of the Department of Engineering and Sociology Complete the completion of the entrepreneurial minor courses containing 18 credits，Theoretical courses divided into 3 credits (generally completed in 14 weeks，It aims to let students learn how to start a business，Guide students to think about the future entrepreneurial field、Source of funds and corporate management, etc.) and 15 credits comprehensive courses (by elective courses、Graduation course and project -based entrepreneurial practice composition)。

Integrating graduation design into students 'entrepreneurial ability training is also an important part of American universities' innovation and entrepreneurial courses。U.S. universities take student graduation design as a key link for cultivating their entrepreneurial ability。For example，The University of Virginia uses graduation design，Encourage students to start their own business，bet365 Play online games Cultivate students' practical skills and innovation and entrepreneurial skills。The instructor of graduation design usually requires students to clarify the fields they are interested in，Help students expand their ideas and choose a feasible candidate project with them，Explore possible project commercialization paths，Finally form a report or implementation plan。

other，Carry out school -enterprise coupling entrepreneurial courses，Let the company in time、Appropriate amount、Suitable and effective involvement in college innovation and entrepreneurial courses，It also played an important role in helping American universities to improve the transformation rate of scientific research results and the employment rate of graduates。Current，There are three main types of school -enterprise coupling entrepreneurial courses。The first is a loose entrepreneurial course，There is no close contact between school enterprises，Curriculum is dominated by school，Invite off -campus experts or entrepreneurs to share entrepreneurial knowledge and experience in the form of lectures。For example，The "Music Entrepreneurship and Marketing" course opened by the University of Music。The second is an organic combined entrepreneurial course，Close contact between schools and enterprises、benign interaction，Forms a cooperative relationship，Establish training targets by school and enterprises、Related professional settings, curriculum content and development methods。For example，Stanford University has made it into college、Enterprise、Ecological interactive platform that integrates the community in one。The third is a dependent entrepreneurial course，Method of the company -led course settings and development methods，Cultivated talents for the orientation of the enterprise。

Innovation and entrepreneurship courses in American universities help students to improve their interest and ability of innovation and entrepreneurs，Make many students start engaged in innovation and entrepreneurial activities during school。According bet365 live casino games to statistics，The entrepreneurial rate of college students in the United States reaches 20%-23%，More than 50%of the art or graphic art graduates、20%of the book management graduates、30%of engineering graduates will choose to start their own business。

(Author Unit: Sino -Russian Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation Provincial and Ministerial Cooperation Cooperation Innovation Center)