Zen aesthetics is aesthetic thought formed and developed under the influence of Buddhist Zen，It is the four main trunks of ancient Chinese aesthetics (Confucian aesthetics、Taoist Aesthetics、Chu Sao Aesthetics and Zen Aesthetics) important parts。From the historical root,，Zen originated in Indian Buddhism，It passed from India to China、Asian countries introduced into Japan and other Asian countries、Process passed to Western countries such as Europe and the United States，Under the collision of the thoughts between different cultures, it gradually forms and develops。Zen aesthetics advocates absolute freedom of life，Favorite the aesthetic scenario of "detouring and speaking Zen", "unreasonable and wonderful"，Pursue intuitional understanding of the internal province，Place "Heart" in the category of ontology，After "Bright Heart Seeing"，Reading the realm of simplicity and nature，Deep thinking about the value and meaning of life。

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　Zen was officially introduced from China to Japan in the Period of Buddhism，Gradually developed with the close exchanges between Chinese and Japanese monks。Japanese monk Ming Yirong West、Xi Xuandao Yuan enters Song Qiufa，Will Linji Zong、Cao Dongzong introduced to Japan，Two main veins that form Japanese Zen。Muromachi Shogunate period，The shogunate imitates the establishment of the "Five Mountains and Ten Masters"，Further increase Zen status and influence。During this period, Zen monks except spreading the Dharma，It also writes a variety of cultural activities such as Chinese poetry, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy and painting，Han culture、Zen Culture was promoted to the entire society。Kato once said on Monday: "Culture of the Muromachi era，Not the influence of Zen，But Zen became the culture of the Muromachi period。"" "After entering the Edo era，The heyday of Japanese Zen forest gradually silent，Chinese Zen monk Yuan Longqi to break the bottleneck in Japan，The introduction of Huang Yizong injects a new blood vein into the Japanese Zenlin and Culture at the time，Culture for Japan、Art、a huge impact on aesthetics。

Japan has spread "Everything has Spirit since ancient times，The Integrity of the Emperor "，While advocating nature，It is also sentimental to change in the four seasons、The impermanence of life wither。Also describes the natural landscape，Compared to Wang Wei "walk to the poor place，Sitting and watching the clouds of the clouds "of the philosophy of philosophy，Fujiwara's "Extreme Far Overlook，Flower Heart Leaf has fallen "more emphasized the mourning of impermanence。Zen thoughts are introduced into Japan，This kind of "things" emotions have the way to understand the sublimation: the aesthetic realm of emptiness and the wind silence。

The impermanence of the death in "Sorrow" is the unique aesthetic atmosphere of Japan since ancient times。"Extreme things are more meaningful", "Reserved the incomplete state but more interesting"，Ritting for incomplete、Unfortunate beauty appreciation breaks the absoluteness of the beauty。One of the cores of Zen aesthetic thought is surpassing the dual opposition。When all things when they are floating, all things will belong to silence、Back to the time，Zen beyond Bet365 lotto review all opposite，See the original face。It is the so -called "what is started，Unde -inferous。I want to have all，must be reversed "，"None" contains infinite。"Unreasonable and Wonderful" Zen thought gives the Japanese aesthetic for the disabled，Called a touch of Zen。

The aesthetic consciousness of "Xuan Xuan" was formed in the Middle Ages，Fujiwara Juncheng and other singers as the standard for He Gemei。Duck Changming once said in "Anonymous Copy"，"You Xuan Xuan is nothing more than saying outside，Emotional Form Table "" It's just the surplus love that is difficult to express in language "。Zen "Nothing Text，Directly point to people's hearts，Pay attention to the direct understanding of the internal province rather than complicated and rational external observation，From this derived from the aesthetic appearance of "lightness and lightness"。Later affected by Chinese poems，The form of a Japanese sentence independent from Hede requires in the shortest language，convey the deepest relationship。This not only reflects the aesthetic features of "endless words and endlessness" and "passing the heart with the heart"，Also in line with "grasp the body，Apicking Nature "Zen thought。

　Natural aesthetics in Flower Road in Japan

Japanese Flower Road originated from the Buddha in front of the Sui Dynasty in China。The Buddha's laughes，The beginning of the birth of Hua Dao for forming an inexplicable relationship with Zen。One of the three most representative of Japanese flower roads, one of the three most representative of Chi Fang flow，Its traditional flower arrangement has three central ideas: the fun of the grass and trees、Natural posture、Nature's Shen Yun，Pursue life and nature harmony。"The fun of the grass and trees"，Feel the vitality of Bet365 app download the grass and trees。Plants and trees grow in the soil，Upper rain dew，Destroy Wind Frost，Only understand its growth rules、Experience its life implication，can we show the beauty of its posture in the form of art。"Natural Gesture"，Respect the original gesture of birth。There is a note in the rebirth scroll: "It is really the first element of the growth of flowers and trees，Master the correct position of its flowers and leaves，The most wonderful thing in heaven and earth。"Lizhua", "Shenghua", "Shenghua" in the flower road，All in order to use the most suitable utensils、The most comfortable shape shows the life posture of plants and flowers。Master the natural growth of flowers and trees，can you realize the heart of his birth，reached "Although it is made by people，The natural beauty of nature。"The Charm of Nature" originated from nature、higher than nature。"The Secret Biography of Chi Fang" "The heart of flowers should be my heart"，This aspect requires flower arrangements to respect the life posture of flowers and trees，On the other hand, the concept of "Heart Flowers" and "Flower Man"。"One Flower and One World" is not only the highest pursuit of Hua Dao，It is also the highest aesthetic situation in Zen。

Flower arrangement activity is a "dialog" activity with nature。realize the heart in the communication between man and nature，In the silent view of nature，Combination of Zen and Flower Road，The realm of "Zen Flower" was born。

　Silent aesthetics in Japanese tea ceremony

The word "Zen tea" is proposed by the monk Yuanwu Keqin of the Chinese Song Dynasty.，In the frequent exchanges of the Chinese -Japanese Zen culture，The concept of combining Zen and tea is introduced to Japan，"Zen Tea" has also become the highest state of Japanese tea bet365 best casino games ceremony。Qian Lixiu once explained "Tea Zen blind": "The same root，One thing in all things，Give me ego and integrate into the world，Its silence and inaction，Show is the right path of tea。It is necessary to see the masters who enjoy the tea Zen "。This can be seen，One of the words "Silent" is the core of the Japanese tea ceremony。Looking at the formation of "侘 侘"，Murata Zhuguang advocates replacing the Tang and Song famous paintings as a hanging shaft in the tea room with Zen language，Wuye Shaoou incorporates the aesthetic ideology of "emptiness" and "wind silence" in the song into the tea ceremony，A series of regrets such as Qianlieku Mo Changjiro Tea Bowl、Disabled、The simple and beautiful tea drinking props，So it is a manifestation of the more direct pursuit of "silence"。

"One Period and One Meet", "Sitting alone", "and quiet silence" is the three important categories of explaining the spirit of Japanese tea ceremony。"One Period and One Meeting" allows both and guests to uphold a concept of one -life fate，Intelligence with sincere heart。The change of the world is impermanent，More, and cherish，Grasp the present，After the tea party。"Sitting Concept" from Jing Izhi's "Tea Soup"，After the tea party，Sitting alone in the tea room，Self -introspection in loneliness，realized in silence。"He proposed by Qian Lixiu、Jing、Qing、Silent "psychological concept，In fact, "harmony、Jing、Qing "is all" silent "inner view，The so -called "tea ceremony is nothing more than boiled water、Point tea、Drink tea，No other "，No matter how complicated things, after drawing the cocoon，Only a minimalist core is left。Zen thought believes that the world's rapid changes will eventually return Bet365 lotto review to nothingness，Only the nature of my own、The heart of the heart can exist forever with time。It can be seen at this point，The core of these three categories finally belongs to "Silence"。

Affected by Zen culture，Japan forms its unique "simple" and "empty" Zen aesthetic thought，Japanese tea ceremony will play "silent" aesthetics to the extreme，Natural taste in "Zen Tea"，Understanding Life。

　"Zen" culture in Japanese dry landscape

The word "dry landscape" first appeared in "The Book of the Tribunal"，"Yu Wuchi also has no water water barrier，It is the dry landscape "，Talk about its most essential features。Different from the flower road pursuing the interest of life，Wood landscape gardens almost abandon all the dynamic landscapes，Elimination of water、Glory of the tree、Flower Zhi Xie and other changes，Gravel、Block stone、Moss、Evergreen plants and other static elements，Freehandly present the landscape of nature，Create a simple and profound mood atmosphere。"Dest" and "Sheng" difference，but the same，All the persistence of nature beauty、Extreme sense of the universe world。Mr. Peng Xiuyin once said in "Oriental Aesthetics": "The spirit of‘ nature is the beauty ’thought essence is‘ silence ’，or ‘Silence’ as a kind of beauty，The most basic spirit is 'true'、‘Nature’。"The Sea Sang Field，Everything in the world will be returned to emptiness，So the instantaneous condensing into the eternal dry landscape has the ancient Zen。

Japanese scholars Suzuki Dajong mentioned，"Zen is the highest point of Japanese culture"。Zen was introduced into Japan via China，Aesthetic concept、behavioral methods, such as behavior, have a profound impact，Through a series of inheritance and localization Bet365 app download development，Japan has a new interpretation of Zen aesthetics，Fusion of unique "material sorrow" atmosphere，Japanese aesthetics presents silence、Empty、Young、Features of Xuan Oion。

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Language and Literature, Nanjing University of Technology)