2023 is the 30th anniversary of the "Biological Diversity Convention" in the United Nations。During these 30 years，Global biological diversity protection has made great development，China's biodiversity protection has gained remarkable achievements。China successfully hosted the 15th Contract Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2021-2022，Promote the "Kunming -Montreal Global Biological Diversity Framework" "(hereinafter referred to as" Framework ")，Establish "Kunming Biological Diversity Fund"，Become the leader of building a community of life on the earth。

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In the past 10 years，China's biological diversity protection goals are better than the global average。China has effectively protected 90%of the types of land ecosystems and 74%of the national key protection wild animals and plant groups。More than 300 rare endangered wild animals and plants in the field of wild and plants have received a good recovery。China's new forest area ranks first in the world，Cumulative 960 million acres of afforestation since 2012，accounting for a quarter of the global artificial afforestation area。

China has established a top -level design for biodiversity protection，and ensure that high levels of implementation。The National People's Congress promulgated、Amended the "Environmental Protection Law", "Biological Safety Law", "Wildlife Protection Law", "Forest Law", "Grassland Law", "Wetland Protection Law", "The Yangtze River Protection Law", "Animal Husbandry Law", "Seed Law" law，Create a legal system for biological diversity protection。In 2011, the "China Biological Diversity Protection National Committee" was established，Coordinating Promoting the Protection of Biological Diversity of the country。Relevant agencies have Bet365 lotto review released the "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization", "Guiding Opinions on the Establishment of the National Park as the main body of natural protection" " Wait a series of guiding policy documents。China has also established a number of provincial biological diversity strategies and action plans，and inform the Secretariat of the "Biological Diversity Convention" secretary office at the local level and policy action。

China's biological diversity protection work steadily advances，Repair in ecology、Wild animals and plant protection and natural protection ground systems have continuously demonstrated innovative results。China has implemented a series of major ecological restoration projects，Including the "Three North" protective forests、Natural Forest Protection、Returning farmland to forests and grass, river, lake and wetland protection and restoration。China's system implementation of endangered species rescue project，Save more than 23,000 plants，Successful artificial reproduction 60 rare endangered wildlife，Created a world -class wild biological species resource library。China has built a local protection natural protection land system with national parks，As of 2021，Nearly 10,000 places at all levels of nature protection at all levels，covering about 18%of the land area area。

"Ecological Protection Red Line" is China's first ecological protection mechanism，It has special important ecological functions by designating through the scope of the scope of the ecological space、Areas of strict protection，The bottom line and lifeline of the national ecological security。Usually have important water sources、Biological Diversity Maintenance、Soil and water conservation、Wind -proof sand、Ecological functions such as coastal ecological stability and other functions important areas，and the loss of soil and water、Land sandization、Shi desertification、Ecological environment sensitive bet365 Play online games and fragile areas such as salt and other risks，will be divided into the red line of ecological protection，Strict protection。China has allocated more than 25%of land and land into the ecological protection red line，Getting a good protection effect。Ecological protection red line provides innovative solutions for global biodiversity protection。In 2019, the United Nations "natural solutions" include Chinese ecological protection red lines in one of the 15 boutique cases in the world。

For 30 years，China has achieved excellent achievements in the protection of biodiversity。UN Assistant Secretary -General and Deputy Director of the Environment Office Elizabeth Murima Evaluation Road，"China is the world's largest developing country，Play a unique role in the field of biodiversity protection，Out of one to improve the living standards of the people，The road of development of the ecology is better protected，Provides a mode that can be followed and learned for developing countries "。

　Cracking global biodiversity governance deficit

Current，Global species extinction speed accelerates，The continuous loss of biological diversity and ecosystem degeneration have a profound impact on human welfare and survival，It has also become a major risk that hinders human survival and development。Look at the international community，Although almost all countries are taking measures to protect biodiversity，But，Global biological diversity protection is still slow，Various policy goals are poorly completed，Existing biological diversity effective control of deficit。

The difficulty of protecting the target is a urgent problem facing the current global biodiversity governance。The Convention on Biological Diversity was officially effective on December 29, 1993，Get widespread recognition and support，196 parties，Is the international convention with the highest degree of participation in the world。2002，The Convention on the Convention on Biological Diversity bet365 best casino games sets up the goal of "ensuring that it will greatly reduce the speed of biological diversity loss in 2010"。Unfortunately，The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity clearly acknowledged in the third edition of the third edition of "Global Biological Diversity"，The international community has not achieved 2002 goals。In the same year，The Tenth Contract Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity has passed the new ten -year plan- "2011-2020 Biological Diversity Strategic Plan" and "Aichi Target"。But what disappoints is，During the 10 years, the area of ​​land and oceans in the world only increased by 5%and 4%, respectively.，Wetland is still decreasing。None，Only 6 project standards are reached，Some sub -targets even deteriorate，far lower than the standards set at the beginning。Insufficient planning、Quantitative goals are not clear、Implementation is not in place、Regular review is missing，Or the reasons for "debt" for the implementation of the relevant plan。

Lack of funds is also one of the important reasons for global biodiversity protection in the predicament of governance。The international community expects to mobilize at least US $ 200 billion in biodiversity protection per year，Data display from the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization，The annual financing level in the field of biological diversity protection is far lower than the required。In terms of providing ecological protection funds and capacity building to developing countries，The gap between funds is large。Although developed countries have proposed many ambitious biodiversity protection goals，But when talking about the financing mechanism, the general attitude is negative，Failure to provide sufficient financial support to global biodiversity protection。

The Convention on the Biological Diversity "，Its economy、Social development level is different，Different challenges faced by execution ability，It is also an obstacle to blocking global biodiversity governance。bet365 live casino games Cracking biological diversity effective control of deficit，First of all, you need to reduce the inequality between developed countries and developing countries in biodiversity，Construction fair and reasonable、Win -win -win global biological diversity governance system; secondly, we must mobilize more special funds to make up for the gap in funds，In particular, we must pay attention to helping developing countries to improve the ability to protect the ecosystem; in the end, we must increase the publicity and popularization of relevant professional knowledge，Improve the public's biodiversity protection consciousness。

　Draw a blueprint for global biodiversity governance

Adhering to the concept of harmonious coexistence of man and nature，China has always supported and actively promoted the governance of global biodiversity。Through the 15th Contracting Congress of the Convention on Biological Diversity，China shows the results of practicing the construction of ecological civilization，It also puts forward the Chinese plan for a new level for global biodiversity governance，Contribute Chinese wisdom。

The 15th Conference of the Convention on the Convention on Biological Diversity passed the "framework"，This is a collection of ambitions、Balance、Practical、Effective、Milestones of intensity and change in one -end cricket。UN Secretary -General Gutres praise the "framework" is an important step in protecting the ecological environment，Diplomatic efforts that can promote the protection of biodiversity。China as the chairman's country in the "framework" vision、Target settings、Fund implementation、Genetic Resources Huiyi Sharing and other negotiating focus on negotiations, exerted communication、Coordination、The core role of promoting and leading。

"Framework" set up ambitious visions and goals，By 2030, 23 action targets，4 long -term goals in 2050。This contains the representative "3030" target，that is, to protect at least 30%of the world's land and ocean bet365 Play online games in 2030，and specific measures to prevent and reverse the loss of natural environment。

"Framework" realizes biodiversity protection、Sustainable use and Huiyi sharing the balance of the three major goals。Developed countries and developing countries have long -term contradictions in the sharing of resource benefit。"Framework" is more by 2030、More fairly sharing genetic resources Huiyi proposed the action roadmap。

"Framework" decided to set up a specialized global biological diversity framework fund。Provide more funds to developing countries、Technical and ability support，It is to promote the joint action of all the parties of the "Biological Diversity Convention"、"boosant" for protecting the community of life of the earth。China announced the establishment of the "Kunming Biological Diversity Fund"，The first to contribute 1.5 billion yuan。Morima praise this operation is very helpful to support the achievement and implementation of the "global biological diversity framework"。

To achieve the above historic breakthrough，As Morima said，The Chinese government spent a lot of time organizing publicity，Consultation and discussion with all parties，To formulate and actively prepare through the "framework"。China as the chairman country，Adhere to fairness during the negotiation process、Transparent、The principle of driving the contract，Practical Promotion，Fully consider the accessability of the target、operability and development differences from various countries，Give a practical solution。

Overall，The 15th Convention on the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Conference of the Contracting Party in all directions shows the image and responsibility of China's great power。On the international stage，China takes the lead in implementing biological diversity governance，Showing the appeal to the relevant parties; China proposes a solution to the contradiction between developing countries and developed countries，Show strong standardization bet365 best casino games for shaping。China Performs the President's Liability，Promoting a historic breakthrough in promoting the global biodiversity governance system，Having a new chapter for global biodiversity governance。

(Author Unit: European Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)