Tang poetry is the pearl of the traditional Chinese culture treasure house，reflects the Chinese nation in philosophy、Aesthetics、The Light of Wisdom in the Field of Poetics。There are a lot of metaphorical phenomena in the poem，Destination function、Aesthetic function and poetic function，Can condense a large amount of cultural information in the lines，Help the poet breaks away from the shackles of the small style characteristics of the small style of the poetry，So as to maximize your communication intention。If you look at the cognitive dimension，Poetry transformation also reflects the poet's perception、Observe and understand the unique way of thinking when the external world。This is the type of further understanding these phenomena、Generation mechanism and cross -cultural conversion path provides a new perspective。

　　Bet365 app download

Metaphor is now generally considered to be the basic way of the conceptual world of cognitive subjects，Its research has experienced rhetoric、Semantic and cognitive three constant in -depth stages。

Metaphor under cognitive view，It can be divided into two categories according to the mapping frequency between the source domain to the target domain: simple metaphor and complex metaphor。The former refers to a metaphor formed by a mapping from the source domain to the target domain，The generation of the latter is related to multiple mapping from the source domain to the target domain。The mapping relationship or continuity in the complex metaphor，Each single mapping or induced by other mapping，Or becoming a prerequisite for other mapping。Specifically，Multi -mapping of complex metaphor involves two situations: one，The source domain is not directly mapped to the ultimate Bet365 app download target domain，Instead, it is mapped to the target domain 1，Target domain 1 is mapping to the target domain 2 as the source domain of the second metaphorical relationship 2，Push according to this，Finally generated a metaphor chain。Its two，Interactive relationship between metaphor and metaphor，Forms multiple concept migration，Leading to the metaphor -metaphorical continuous phenomenon。

　　The metaphor in Tang poetry is mostly complex features

Determine according to the above cognitive mapping mechanism，Many metaphorical phenomena in Tang poetry have complexity features。Let's look at the metaphor chain phenomenon。"But" Dragon City Flying is here，Do not teach Huma Du Yin Mountain "(Wang Changling's" Out of the Plug ") as an example。"Huma" originally meaning is the horses of the Huns，The poet uses it to pointed at the army of the Xiongnu in the northern。"Huma" activated from the source domain to the target domain "Xiongnu Army" at least three mapping，That is, "Huma" is mapped to the "Huns of the Huns"，belongs to the "overall part" to the metaphor type; "Huns of the Huns" then to "Hun's Cavalry"，The type of metaphorical type belonging to the "owner of the belonging"; the "Hun's cavalry" finally arrived at the Xiongnu army，is the metaphorical type of "part of the whole"。This kind of metaphorical chain generation，It has high context dependence。That is to say，This continuous mapping relationship requires the help of historical culture、context and other specific context，With the help of language elements including words, such as words and other means to achieve。

The metaphor of the metaphor in the Tang poems finally formed two special language phenomena，That is the hidden metaphor and hidden metaphor。For the hidden metaphor，Metaphor concept mapping plays a basic role，It guarantees the priority generation of this word to be metaphorical。Under the context of poetry，The poet intentionally uses a metaphorical term Bet365 lotto review to metaphor other things，Metaphor mapping in this process，Then form a metaphorical meaning。In this interactive relationship，The poet's metaphorical thinking provides the foundation for the concept interaction，Metaphorical operations on this basis，The use of the context of the context played an important role in the new semantic generation。Metaphorical phenomenon is closer to the metaphor — a metaphor for continuous body turning metaphors，So，The metaphor of the metaphor of poetry transfer is prominent，and metaphorical features are weakened。"Fading Rivers and Lakes Carrying Wine，Chu Yao's Palm Light "(Du Mu's" Sending ") is a typical hidden metaphor。"Hou Han Book · Ma Liao Chuan" record，"King Chu is good waist，starve to death in the palace "。The woman in the palace endured hunger，to attract King Chu，For grace pet。After using a slender waist to use the slender waist to metaphorize the beauty in the Palace of Chu，It belongs to the part that replace the overall metaphorical type。Poet Du Mu uses the "Chu Yao" to construct the origin of the origin，Establish a concept of concepts in the target domain that the singer I have contacted or the prostitute I have contacted，This is a metaphor for the Jiangnan Beauty I know。

Compared with the multiple concept migrations involved in the metaphorical metaphor,，Various metaphor is exactly the opposite，Metaphorical meaning appears first，Have highlighting features，Metaphorical meaning is generated behind，Have hidden features。Under the context of poetry，The poet uses metaphorical words to transfer to refer to things related to conceptual approaching。The hidden metaphorical phenomenon in the Tang poetry is still a metaphorical phenomenon，More closer to the metaphor — a metaphor in the metaphor of the metaphor。"Fragrant mist cloud wet，Qing Huiyu's Armed Cold "(Du Fu's" Moon Night ") is a typical hidden metaphor。"Jade" activated starting domain bet365 best casino games and "arm" target domain，Through "White、Smooth、Warm Run "and other similar feature elements establish conceptual contact，Form the first mapping relationship。Poetry context provides external conditions for the role of the concept of arm conversion，The poet uses the "jade arm" as the original domain to reflect the target domain of his wife's activation，Generate second mapping relationship，Metaphorical type is part of the overall。Metaphor for women with the body part with highlighting characteristics.，such as "Yunyun" uses tall and cloudy buns to accuse his wife，"Moth eyebrows" use the eyebrows like a moth to touch the eyebrows to refer to Yang Guifei，These belong to the hidden metaphorical phenomenon。

　　Make a challenge to the translator of poetry

The difficulty of translation poems is reflected in many aspects，The translation of complex metaphor is one of them。Clarifying the factors that restrict translation of these phenomena are quite important。First，The sensitivity of the translator to complex metaphors affects the treatment methods and results of these metaphorical phenomena。The sensitivity of the complex metaphor of the translator is an important parameter of its complex metaphor translation ability，This is the encyclopedia knowledge of the translator、Poetry background knowledge and rhetoric knowledge。The complex metaphor in poetry carries rich and profound Chinese cultural information，If the translator does not reserve enough related encyclopedia，I will understand the complex metaphorical meaning of Tang poetry caused huge obstacles。Next，How to deal with the complex metaphor in Tang poetry，It is also influenced by the purpose of the purpose of the social and cultural context of the purpose of the purpose and the context of the destination group。Usually the complicated transition of Chinese culture exclusive "regeneration" capabilities in destination linguistics is lower，Because they bet365 Play online games are formed in the Chinese and Cultural Society, they interact in the interaction of themselves with the outside world，is a concept unique to the Chinese nation，Such as "Qianlou", "He Manzi", "Penglai Article", etc.，It is difficult to find the concept and representation method in the English world。So，Translator must focus on the above aspects，Efforts to improve the ability and translation ability of complex metaphor in Tang poetry。

How to translate the complex metaphor in Tang poetry? The cognitive operation of the poet makes the poem generate a complex metaphorical phenomenon，It also guarantees the coherence and consistency of the meaning of the meaning of the poetic text。The mapping mechanism and interviews of these complex metaphorical phenomena also provide the reasonable basis for translators to recognize their metaphorical meaning，Can help translators activate the relevant cognitive framework，Search、Interpretation、Machining these complex metaphorical phenomena，The final understanding of its metaphorical meaning。

Overall，Translator handle the complex metaphorical phenomenon in Tang poetry，You can take the following paths。The metaphor chain in the Tang poetry，Translators should reason according to the metaphorical mapping chain，Understanding nodes formed by different concept domains on the chain，Proper choice: Keep the starting domain，or select the target domain N-1 /(source domain n-1)，or keep the target domain n。When dealing with the phenomenon of "hidden metaphors" and "hidden metaphor"，The translator should try to keep the interactive relationship between the source transit and metaphor in the translation，or use the new metaphorical metaphorical interaction relationship in the purpose of the purpose; or deconstruct the combination of the two，Related elements in "Turn on the Substinct" and "Metaphors"，In the purpose of the purpose, it is presented in the form of independent metaphors bet365 best casino games or metaphors; or it is omitted without translation，Interaction between the interaction between the metaphor and metaphor in the translation。Some complex metaphors carrying a large amount of Chinese cultural information，There is a cultural vacancy in the purpose of the purpose，Although it cannot be completely reproduced，But the translator should uphold cultural self -confidence，Reasonable compensation by replenishing context clues or adding annotations after text。

　　Generally in traditional Chinese classics

The relevant theories of complex metaphors are analysis of Tang poems and even Chinese traditional cultural classics，and the foreign translation methods and communication effects of these works provides cognitive research。

Explore traditional Chinese classic works with these theories，We can get three aspects of enlightenment。First，Complex metaphorical phenomenon not only exists in Tang poetry works，And is generally hidden in Chinese traditional cultural classics。The concept mapping mechanism or interactive mechanism behind these phenomena is the same，Reflected the Chinese nation in the nature of nature、Modeling in the process of interaction in the social and psychological world，Provides us with a cognitive lens for us to analyze the culture of the Chinese nation from a cognitive perspective。Next，This way of thinking has common places with other ethnic groups，It constitutes the same semantic source path between different languages，So it provides possibilities for complex translations in two languages，Therefore, we can presented it in the purpose of the purpose in the purpose of the purpose in the purpose of the target。Last，Some complex metaphorical cultural dependence is high，There is no corresponding item in the translation of language culture，Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the appropriateness of the translation strategy，strive to show the uniqueness of Chinese culture，Reduce Bet365 lotto review the cognitive burden of the reader reader，Help their understanding and acceptance，This can better realize the external communication effect of Chinese cultural classics including Tang poetry。

　(This article is the 2018 Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Research and Planning Fund Project "Corpted Tang Poetry Classic Transfer Translation Comparison Research" (18yja740018) phase results)

(Author Unit: Pre -School (Training Department), Northeast Normal University Staying Japan (Training Department)