Language learning is a process of comprehensive perception，After a period of accumulation，Language knowledge will form a "sensation"。For example, the "sense of language" often said is like this，We often judge the meaning of a word in a specific context with the "sense of language"，If the "sense of language" is good，Then the correct rate of judgment is high。In Chinese learning，Learning Chinese characters is a very critical step，In fact, it is the process of establishing the "character" of Chinese characters。

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Sun Lifeng believes that the sense of character "is a man's intuitive sense of Chinese characters、Perception、Grasp ability，sensitive to Chinese characters，It is the moment when people are perceived at the moment without thinking、Lenovo、Imagination、Understanding、Emotional，Actively and consciously connects to such a psychological phenomenon "; Liu Yan believes that the sense of words is a dynamic intuition perception ability system that is continuously penetrated from the outside and the inside。"Outside" refers to the glyph、Differential identification of the structure; "inner" refers to a Chinese character learning that learns to consciously associate the glyphs of a certain word with its inner reason、You can see。You can see，The sense of words has a rich connotation，and as an intuitive ability to Chinese characters，Psychology and linguistics both have related content。The sense of characters refers to the sense of closeness to Chinese characters from the perceptual level，This sense of closeness is formed in the subtlety，is a cognitive level of familiarity with Chinese characters，This familiarity is cultivated by input through unconscious or conscious Chinese characters。bet365 live casino games From the perspective of rationality，The sense of characters includes Chinese character knowledge and Chinese character skills。where，Chinese character skills refers to the structure of familiar with Chinese characters by learning some Chinese characters、parts、strokes and strokes，Form a certain glyph structure consciousness，and can read、Writing Chinese characters。Foreign Chinese teaching attaches importance to cultivating students' comprehensive sense of Chinese，Among them, the sense of Chinese characters read and write is a very important part of the component。

As a ability to use Chinese characters，Chinese characters can instantly understand and identify Chinese characters，This shows a higher understanding and identification of Chinese characters。Chinese character teaching is a very important part in teaching Chinese language，and the difficulty coefficient is high。The main reason is: in the eyes of learners with the background of the mother tongue of Pinyin，Block -type Chinese characters are as difficult to understand like a painting，Therefore, students feel extremely strange to Chinese characters，Even fear。Breaking this situation，In fact, as long as it helps students build the correct sense of words。Cultivation of Chinese characters，Not teaching for a certain word，but the cultivation of Chinese characters with macro -meaning，Need a step -by -step process。

　　ERP technology to make up for the lack of questionnaires

Chinese character feel is a understanding of the structure of Chinese characters，This understanding is extremely emotional，and slowly formed in the subtle way。Training for the sense of word for foreigners，Scholars emphasize three points: first，Follow Chinese characters，A large number of Chinese characters input; second，Follow the surface of the surface of Chinese characters; third，Emphasize the inherent structure of the surface shape of Chinese characters and the inner structure of Chinese characters。Bet365 app download Examine the process of judging the establishment of the sense of foreign characters，Traditionally generally uses a questionnaire to investigate this behavior at the level of behavior to check the sense of words。These methods can only observe external performance，It is difficult to examine the situation of the internal sense of Chinese words inside the brain's brain from the level of brain cognition。

In recent years，Cognitive neuroma technology Development is new and monthly。Among them, the incident -related potential (ERP) technology can accurately record the processing process of Chinese characters，Able to accurately detect the sense of foreign words to form a processing mechanism at different stages of the brain。ERP as a non -damaged brain cognitive imaging technology，Dangdang plus a specific stimulus (Chinese character)，Active for sensory system，When giving stimulation or revocation of stimuli，In the brain area, it will cause potential changes。The potential changes are brain electrical activities related to human body or psychological activity，Record the signal of neuron discharge on the surface of the scalp，Then is separated from EEG by filtering and superimposing，Reflects the neuropsychiatric changes in the brain during the cognitive process。ERP's advantage is that it has a high time resolution，It is a rare technical method for the brain activity during the research and cognitive process。If you introduce it into the test of the sense of character training，The same significance for Chinese character teaching and test。When people enter the external information entered from the senses, the combination of the internal information stored in the brain is proper and appropriate，Chinese character recognition is generated。So，When a second -language learner recognizes Chinese characters，First through perception activities，Visual appearance of forming characters，Code and storage of the Bet365 app download appearance，To recognize and reproduce Chinese characters as internal reference，or the storage visual appearance as a material material for thinking，Processing、Combination，Master and understand new Chinese characters。In Chinese character processing ERP research，Mainly P100、N170、N250、P300 and N400 Electronics ingredients，represents different psychological language meaning。

P100 and N170 as an early component of ERP，All related to the positive method。In the processing of visual text，The first positive component of 100 milliseconds that appeared after stimulating stimulation is called P100，Reflected a kind of attention effect，Existing research also shows that the stimulus that does not conform to the right method will lead to a larger P100。n170 is a negative component that appears about 170 milliseconds after stimulation，The N170 component of Chinese characters is adjusted by factors such as attention，With expertization effect。The main experimental materials for the research of Chinese character processing N170 are real characters、fake characters and pseudo characters，There are results showing that the N170 ingredients of Chinese characters are related to the components in the processing method of the positive method，instead of being affected by the position of the part。n250 is the negative component of about 250 milliseconds after the stimulation starts，Dive repeat effects involved in stimuli，Therefore, it is also called N250 repeat effect。n250 is generally considered to be the earliest ERP component stored in the long -term memory of the perception table。P300 and Note、Differential、Cognition、Decision、Memory and other cognitive functions related，Also known as understanding or identification potential，The late ingredients of the incident -related potential，Appears about 300 milliseconds after stimulation，Also known as cognitive potential，It is a summary of the analysis and judgment bet365 best casino games of the response to the nature of the sensation。So far，It is generally considered to significantly affect the amplitude of P300，The physical attributes that stimulate and the reaction itself have less impact on the amplitude of the P300。N400 as a classic language understanding related ERP component，It is a negative wave of about 400 milliseconds after stimulation.，For semantics、Frequency and other sensitive。

　　Use ERP technology to measure the sense of words of foreign learners

Examination existing research results，For students who have just touched Chinese characters in the primary stage，From the first recognition of Chinese characters to the "sense of character"、Forming roughly three stages。The three stages (periods) for the formation of the sense of the word，Combined with Chinese characters cognitive Electrical Electrical ingredients，Testing and cultivation of ERP applied to Chinese character sense ability。

The first period is the chaos or image sensing period。During this period，Since the learner has not mastered the rules of the Chinese character system，Can only treat Chinese characters as a difficult painting。We can find that this period has caused attention effects，Forecast may appear p100。

The second period is the "sense of word" budding period。This period，Some basic knowledge of Chinese characters will learn，For example, stroke、parts、side of the side、Structure and other knowledge，Learners can write simple monocular characters correctly，But for a combined word with similar or similar pronunciation，Still unable to recognize it well。This period may produce N170，The degree of attention should be higher，Visual expertization effect。And the sense of the word of the unique characters will definitely be stronger than the combined word。If the experimental stimulus is set, a duplication is set，will also produce N250 repeat effects。

The third period is the "sense of word" formation period。With the continuous accumulation of literacy，Bet365 app download Learner's ability improvement，The structural law of the Chinese character system has been controlled，How to analyze the glyph，and can learn independently。This period will induce P300 and N400。E.Donchin proposed the background update theoretical model to explain the psychological mechanism generated by the P300。The environmental information stored in the human brain in a certain way is called a characteristic，It is an information library necessary for humans to engage in cognitive activities，Storage in memory。As long as the storage memory is mobilized，It will inevitably induce P300。Before writing Chinese characters，It will produce a psychological preset，And this is the natural continuation of text recognition，The formation of the sense of words consists of the four stages of the intake -coding -storage -extract。The composition information of a word is composed of two forms: image coding and semantic coding，Therefore, a sense of humanity is good or bad，The most fundamental manifestation is whether it can effectively consume the image coding and semantic coding of Chinese characters。Another manifestation of the sense of words is that it is in the extraction stage，In the case of effective intake, successful coding and storage，When using these storage information，It is also a big problem to be able to extract smoothly。So，If meridian measuring，A good -looking test can extract related memories very well，The corresponding P300 volatility will be stronger，The incubation period should also be shorter。other，Semantic contact、Frequency、The adjacent rules of the character can all produce N400。

Cognitive neural technology is already in brain science、The field of psychological linguistics has a wide range of applications，But I have not received due attention in Chinese language teaching。Apply ERP technology to the cultivation and test of the sense of Chinese characters to detect Chinese learners，More deeply understanding Bet365 app download the brain processing mechanism and learning law behind it，Then promote the development of Chinese character teaching for foreigners。

　　(This article is the central university's basic scientific research business fee project · Overseas Chinese University's philosophical and social sciences young scholar growth project "Research on cognitive neural mechanisms for processing of the scope of the scope of the scope of the current body" (18SKGC-QT03)

(Author Unit: Chinese University of Chinese University of Education)