The Chinese translating Chinese to foreign countries is a kind of reverse bet365 voucher activity，Regardless of the translator’s qualifications，The quality of its bet365 voucher is often questioned。Therefore，In order to effectively realize the international dissemination of Chinese culture，It is necessary to examine the optimization path of "going global" for Chinese modern and contemporary literature from the perspective of bet365 voucher。However，The author found from many such studies，The Chinese bet365 voucher community has a vague understanding of the directionality of bet365 voucher，It is generally believed that there is no essential difference between foreign bet365 voucher into Chinese and Chinese bet365 voucher into foreign languages，It’s just that the latter is more difficult than the former。Therefore，Only by fully understanding the potential drawbacks and disadvantages of reverse bet365 voucher，In order to effectively utilize its advantages in bet365 voucher practice，Take appropriate measures to overcome and avoid possible problems。

　　Re-examining the directionality of bet365 voucher

The bet365 voucher of modern and contemporary Chinese literature is currently attracting much attention from domestic academic circles。Meng Qingshu pointed out，Few Asian writers have won the Nobel Prize for Literature for a long time，One of the important reasons is that Asian writers do not use English、French and other languages，As a result, their works need to be translated before they can be read by people in other countries。Most of Mo Yan’s works were translated by American translator Grant Howard，The accuracy is convincing。Excellent translators like Grant Haowen have made landmark contributions to the English bet365 voucher and dissemination of modern and contemporary Chinese literary works。Professor Hu Zongfeng of Northwest University and Dr. Gilbank have collaborated for many years to translate the works of contemporary Shaanxi writers，Great achievements have been made，Aroused the attention of academic circles at home and abroad。

On the study of English bet365 voucher of contemporary Chinese literature，Many scholars have made some explorations into the current situation and problems of its English bet365 voucher。Hua Yan pointed out，When Chinese contemporary literature goes global, there are problems such as a serious shortage of translators and interpreters and uneven bet365 voucher quality。Wu Wenqun mentioned，Although many sinologists have made a lot of contributions to the English bet365 voucher of modern and contemporary works in my country，But compared with English-Chinese bet365 voucher，The quality and influence of Chinese-English bet365 voucher are not high。Proposed by Fu Danfeng，There are two problems in the bet365 voucher of modern and contemporary Chinese literature in the English-speaking world: first，The English bet365 voucher works of modern and contemporary Chinese literature have a very small market space abroad，This is especially true in the United States；Second，Although the bet365 voucher works have a wide range of materials，But the selection of works lacks systematicity。Facing the current problems in the English bet365 voucher of Chinese literature，Some scholars also made suggestions。Chen Lan thinks，To better translate and introduce Chinese modern and contemporary literary works，First of all, we must cultivate and stabilize Chinese-English bet365 voucher talents，Secondly, we must break the traditional view that "bet365 voucher is from a foreign language to a native language rather than the other way around"；In addition，Relevant government departments should also provide strong support。There are also scholars who have studied the English bet365 voucher strategies of modern and contemporary Chinese literature。Du Jianfang thinks，To translate literary works that can be easily understood by foreign readers，Must target different literary texts，Flexibly adopt English bet365 voucher strategies such as domestication and foreignization。Wang Ningning thinks，In the process of translating Chinese modern and contemporary literary works into English，We should uphold the concept of "common sense" between Chinese and foreign readers，The principle of combining domestication and alienation，Using borrowing and analogy，Subtly convey the beauty of Chinese literature to English readers，Let Chinese modern and contemporary literary works truly “go global”。Song Qingwei takes the English bet365 voucher and dissemination of Mo Yan’s novels as a case study，Proposed a harmonious translator model and a step-by-step bet365 voucher strategy。However，These studies have ignored a crucial issue in bet365 voucher，That is, the directionality of bet365 voucher。Therefore，In order to effectively translate and introduce Chinese modern and contemporary literary works，The directionality of bet365 voucher must be re-examined，Fully understand the guiding significance of directional research on bet365 voucher for bet365 voucher practice。

　　Directional Protocol bet365 voucher Practice of bet365 voucher

Based on the translator’s familiarity with the two languages ​​in the language pair，bet365 voucher activities can be divided into two types: bet365 voucher from foreign language into mother tongue and bet365 voucher from mother tongue into foreign language。The former is called forward bet365 voucher，The latter is called reverse bet365 voucher。Traditional bet365 voucher theory advocates the "native language principle"，Believe that translators should only engage in bet365 voucher activities that translate foreign languages ​​into native languages，Because it is impossible for a person to be as comfortable in a foreign language as his mother tongue。As early as 1979，L. G. Kelley et al. pointed out，Reverse bet365 voucher is not worth discussing except to emphasize its difficulty。Newmark pointed out，Translating from a foreign language to a native language can achieve naturalness、bet365 voucher for accurate and maximum effective communication。He admitted that there are indeed translators engaged in reverse bet365 voucher，But this is just "adding laughter to others"，So if the target language is not the translator’s usual language，There is no way to translate it。Chinese translators translate Chinese into foreign languages，Essentially a reverse bet365 voucher。If the directionality of bet365 voucher is ignored in bet365 voucher practice，Only one-sided emphasis on challenging tradition，Ignore the potential drawbacks and risks of reverse bet365 voucher，There may be counterproductive consequences。Only if you fully understand the problems that may arise in reverse bet365 voucher，It is possible to take necessary measures to avoid problems during bet365 voucher。The author found it during literature review，Current research on the foreign bet365 voucher of modern and contemporary Chinese literature，There is a general lack of awareness of the directionality of bet365 voucher，Either emphasize the need to increase government funding，Either emphasize the translator’s foreign language proficiency or work attitude。And these cannot fundamentally solve the problem，It may even have the opposite effect，This will lead to the production of more inferior translations，It may even hinder the effective spread of Chinese culture。A bet365 voucher that is not very readable will deter readers，The impact will hinder the dissemination of truly good translations，And readers will also infer that the reading materials translated from Chinese lack readability，Resulting in publishers not being interested in works translated from Chinese，Makes it difficult to publish a really good bet365 voucher。

　　Prospects of foreign bet365 voucher of Chinese modern and contemporary literature

Based on a full understanding of the potential drawbacks of reverse bet365 voucher，When translating and introducing modern and contemporary Chinese literary works，The first question to consider is: "Who will translate？”Judging from the current successful bet365 voucher works，The main body of Chinese-English bet365 voucher should be translators whose native language is English。But because Chinese culture is broad and profound，Profound and difficult to understand，Ordinary European and American translators have certain limitations in understanding the original text。Therefore，The ideal bet365 voucher model is Sino-foreign cooperation。The Yang Xianyi couple and the Galactic couple are well-known in the bet365 voucher community。But this kind of golden partner is hard to find。A large number of excellent Chinese literary works are waiting to be translated into the world's lingua franca，There are very few translators who are proficient in Chinese and familiar with Chinese culture。How to effectively translate Chinese modern and contemporary literary works，Bringing Chinese literature into the world literature，Thus enhancing the voice of Chinese literature on the international stage，It is an urgent problem that needs to be solved。Summary of lessons learned from previous unsuccessful translations，First of all, we must ensure that the main body of Chinese-English bet365 voucher should be translators whose native language is English。In order to solve the problem of understanding the original text，You can adopt the "Chinese and Western" model，That is, working with native Chinese speakers who are proficient in English。This kind of cooperation is best to be close and face-to-face long-term cooperation。

Another question is: "What to translate？”The selection of works is important for the positive dissemination of Chinese culture、Establish a good international image of China、It is necessary to increase the good vision of China among people of all countries。Due to ideological differences，The bet365 voucher activities initiated by some overseas publishing houses or foreign translators are often biased in the selection of materials，Some even have obvious motives to “demonize” China。So，On material selection，The participation of Chinese publishers is very necessary。Another issue worth considering is the interest of the work，Because the purpose of reading for ordinary readers is generally just entertainment。The principle of step-by-step should be followed when selecting materials，Easy to understand、Fascinating works as a starting point，Let readers first become interested in Chinese literary works，Gradually transition to a more literary style、Works with more profound ideas。Domestic publishing houses can also select works to be published，Organize translators to translate high-quality new book introductions，Participate in book fairs around the world，Attract the attention of publishers in target language countries。If overseas publishers are interested in the works，bet365 voucher activities will naturally be initiated，Or cooperate with domestic publishing houses，Or find an independent translator。This process will generally ensure the quality of the bet365 voucher and the distribution of the bet365 voucher。

Another question is: "Who publishes？”This question has actually been mentioned and partially answered before。The practice of Chinese academic foreign bet365 voucher projects is worth learning，That is, the organization or individual applying for the project contacts the overseas publishing house，Provide bet365 voucher samples to the publisher，You can only apply for approval after signing a contract with the publishing house。In other words，English translated works should be published and distributed by publishing houses in English-speaking countries，The reason is obvious，Because the target readers are native English speakers，Not a Chinese who understands or learns English。

Chinese language and cultural workers have a long way to go on the road of "going global" for Chinese modern and contemporary literature。Chinese bet365 voucher industry in bet365 voucher practice，Attention should be paid to directional research on bet365 voucher，Consider its general guiding significance and regulations for bet365 voucher practice，To avoid problems when doing reverse bet365 voucher，Improving the efficiency of foreign bet365 voucher。

　　(Author’s unit: School of English, Xi’an International Studies University)