Literature and linguistics are closely related。From the 1930s，Steel and Thailand、Wang Rongbao、Mr. Luo Changpei and others have paid attention to the voice problems in the Dunhuang literature，and use Chinese and Tibetan audio materials to carry out linguistic research。Subsequent scholars have successively carried out research on Northwestern Chinese dialects based on various types of Dunhuang literature，Achievements。In the study of dialect，Some scholars focus on various corpus texts，Some scholars have started studying the century -old evolution of Taizhou dialect from Western missionary literature，Some scholars start with literary works from Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to carry out dialect research，Some scholars have paid attention to the dialect information recorded in the local history，For example, Hua Xuecheng has "Integration of Ancient Chinese Dialect Literature"，Mo Chao compiled the "Integration of Modern and Northwest Voice Documents"。

Family spectrum and history、Fang Zhi，Also study Chinese history、Three important generations of social and culture。Family genealogy family inheritance and regional distribution，Can often be in people、time、Earth three aspects to supplement the historical details of the positive history and the lack of Fang Zhi。Family genealogy records the flow and distribution of specific people，Population flow is one of the most direct causes of language changes。Therefore，Linguist often uses family genealogy information to study language distribution and language evolution，For example, Xing Xingdong used the population migration of the family genealogy in Shenmu County, Shaanxi as a proof material，Further research the development Bet365 lotto review and change of Shenmu dialect。

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Dunhuang was known as Shazhou，As a historical town on the Silk Road，It is both a historical and cultural city with historical coordinates，It is also a city with a large -scale immigration history。During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty，Immigration Square from 50 Lit in the Northwest Live in this desert oasis，Gathering local dialects at the same time，Dunhuang dialect is complicated to this day。About this section of immigration，Not only in the late Qing Dynasty、Dunhuang Fangzhi during the Republic of China is recorded，and Dunhuang's genealogy also records，and more detailed。In recent years，We have discovered and collected five types of Dunhuang family genealogy，Preliminary Research and judgment，These family genealogies have important reference value for studying the historical changes and language evolution of Dunhuang。

December 2019，With the assistance of the Propaganda Department of the Dunhuang Municipal Party Committee and the Dunhuang Education Bureau，We carried out field surveys in some natural villages in Dunhuang City，I am，Five types of Dunhuang family genealogy was collected one after another。Classification method of spectral learning，These family genealogy can be divided into two categories: ancient genealogy (began in the Qing Dynasty) and current (after the 1950s):。Ancient genealogy found in Zhenfang Wang's spectrum in Hezhoubao, Dunhuang City，This spectrum was started in the forty -one year of Qianlong，Xuantong three years of rebuilt，Sequence from spectrum、Home training、The ancestor dedication、Family situation、Cemetery map, etc.，Full of spectrum about 2900 words。Also found in Suzhou Fang Xu's spectrum in Suzhou Temple in Dunhuang City，Started in the early years of Xuantong，Divided into Yin Ben and Yangben，Yin Ben Yu Zhi notice、Surname traceable、family rules and family training、The bet365 live casino games first composition of the world，阳、Family of the Ancestral Conscience、Nearly Five Dynasties History、Home training、Name Poems、Estimation of life，Full spectrum about 7500 words。It is discovered that the Liweifang Li family spectrum in Hezhou Fort, Dunhuang City，Started in the early years of Xuantong，The content is two parts of the preface and the ancestor worship，Full spectrum is about 760 words。There are two parts in this way，One is the family genealogy found in the Gaotai Fang of Suzhou Temple in Dunhuang City，Repair in 1964，Sequence from spectrum、The ancestor dedication、New graveyard position three parts three parts，About 730 words in full spectrum; the other is to discover the family genealogy of the Zhu family in the west of Lanzhou Village, Dunhuang City，Started in 2008，from the preface、Specket、All examples、Ancestral training、Heritage、Zhu Family Family Picture、Zhu clan life flat records、Dunhuang events and other parts composed of several parts，Full spectrum is about 12800 words。

These family genealogy records the history of Dunhuang immigrants during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty，More detailed reflection of clan flow and breeding distribution。The only Qianlong reign of the Qianlong reign of the Wang family in Zhenfangfang recorded: "The ancestor of the Langya Wang's ancestor，Migration from Zhenfan in the early years of Yongzheng to Xixiang, Dunhuang。"Wuweifang Li's spectrum:" During the period of the Yongzheng of the Manchuqing，Promote relocation、Rongbing Real Border，Name for the name of 56 states and counties in Gansu。My Li is a Wuwei native，Then move into Wuweifang，Settled in planting land。"Gaotaifang Wang's family genealogy records:" Husband and my king's originally native of Xiaosi Township, Gaotai County, Gansu。"Zhu Family Spectrum of Zhu Family:" Originally from West He County, Longnan, Gansu, China，Migration Dunhuang with immigrants during the Dunhuang period of immigrants from Gansu，Sui to Jianzhuang, Shubao Jianzhuang, settled in bet365 Play online games the west of Dunhuang, West Westwan。Differential Zhuang Zhuang due to a few years later: One place in Dunhuang Southeast West Hefang，Now West and Tank Zhujiabaozi; another place in Fangxi and Liang, Lanzhou, Lanzhou, southeast of Dunhuang，Now a team of Yangjiaqiao Lanzhou Village; there is another Zhujiabaozi at the junction of the Wudun and the Seventh Team of the Xintong Store。"These materials not only supplemented the positive history、Fang Zhi，and in -depth reflection of the development and changes of Dunhuang dialects through information such as delicate marriage split，They will study dialect research and historical research、Folklore Studies、Sociology research and even anthropological research organically linked。

　　Family spectrum can provide a variety of linguistics information

Family spectrum and Fang Zhi confirmation，It can be confirmed that the source of the modern Dunhuang population。1933，Mr. Luo Changpei's "The Northern West of the Tang Dynasty" is published in the name of "The Twelve of the Institute of History and Language of the Central Research Institute"。Mr. Luo Changpei uses five types of Han Tibetan sound materials and Lanzhou、Pingliang、Xi'an、Sanshui、Wenshui、Xingxian and other six modern Chinese dialect materials to study the dialect audio system in the Northwest region of the Tang and Five Dynasties during the Tang and Five Dynasties，Get a series of breakthrough conclusions。At that time，Mr. Luo Changpei's biggest regret，is that he has no Dunhuang dialect material in his hand when he writes this book。

but，Investigation and research by modern linguists，The Ming Dynasty was atresses Jiayuguan in the three years of Jiajing (1524)，Waste Guzhou and Shazhou，​​In the two hundred years of Dunhuang, Dunhuang became an empty desert land。Three years of Yongzheng (1725) Established Shazhou Wei in Dunhuang in Dunhuang，From 56 states and counties in Gansu Province (including Qinghai and Ningxia), bet365 best casino games 2,418 households are immigrated to Dunhuang reclamation waste，Quotation of the Party's River 10 canal irrigation，Re -the Gobi Oasis at the west end of the Hexi Corridor。This can be seen，Modern Dunhuang people Department of Qing Dynasty Gan、Green、Descendants of immigrants in the three provinces of Ning，No direct relationship with the Dunhuang people from the Western Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty。According to this，Liu Ling、Li Lan and others think，Modern Dunhuang dialect is not the direct descendant of Dunhuang dialect during the Tang Dynasty and Fifth Dynasties。

Daoguang 11th year publishing "Dunhuang County Zhifu" contains: "Dunhuang set up Shazhou Wei in the third year of Yongzheng，Moved to the Mainland 56 states and counties.，Zhazhou County is named a square，belongs to six 隅。"The historical materials of" Dunhuang County Chronicle "are recorded in these five types of Dunhuang family genealogy，Family genealogy also supplements richer information。At present, the academic circles are roughly divided into two types of Dunhuang dialect: Hexi dialect and Hedong dialect，Hexi dialect is Lan Yin Guanhua，and Hedong dialect like Central Plains official，This is exactly the east bank of the Yellow River in the Yellow River, which is recorded with the Zhu family genealogy of the Zhu family in the West Hefang、Migrants and counties in the west of the Yellow River mainly live in the resettlement principles of the lower reaches of the west bank of the Party River。

Family genealogy provides more vivid and detailed population information，It provides important reference materials for exploring the formation of modern dialects。The family genealogy introduced in this article is from the west of the southeast of Dunhuang、Suzhou Fang，Wuwei Fang in the south -south，Gaotai Fang、Zhen Fangfang。According to these family genealogy records，After they emigrate, they all planted grain、Cotton, etc.，Live in their respective "Fang"，Zicheng Community，Crops have vendors Bet365 app download acquired in the ground，So the range of life is small and simple，less contact with the outside world，Several generations of people are like this，So their dialects have their own characteristics because of "Fang"。As described above，Modern Dunhuang dialect divided into two types: "Hexi dialect" and "Hedong dialect"，Roughly mixing based on this way of living。Zhen Fangfang Wang's Family Spectrum、Zhu Family Scores of Zhu Family、Suzhou Fang's family genealogy records the flow of the family after the separation，Ru Fanfang Wang clan moved to Hezhou Castle; Suzhou Fang Xu's family genealogy also recorded the place of spouse birth and women's marriage information，This information has certain significance for exploring the micro evolution of Dunhuang dialect。

Some dialect speaking in the family genealogy still retains it to modern times，Provides direct evidence for determining the historical source of modern dialects。For example，Zhenfangfang's family genealogy recorded in the 27th year of the Guangxu family，There is a saying that there is time such as "autumn" and "27 years".，This is the saying that putting "up" behind the time word to indicate "when"，It is still retained in Dunhuang dialect。In the five types of Dunhuang family spectrum，The place name contained in each spectrum is basically the same as the place names recorded in Dunuang's "Dunhuang County"，There is a clear correspondence with the modern Dunhuang place name。Suzhou Fang Xu's family genealogy，"Xujiatai" many times as "Xujiatai" or "Xujiataizi"，Zhu Family Spectrum of Xhefang records "Zhujiatai" as "Zhujiataizi"，until today，These place names are still called in Dunhuang dialect。This can be seen，These genealogy provides direct language evidence for the historical source of modern Dunhuang dialect。

　　(This article is the Gansu Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project "Research on Dialect Voice Voice Survey in the Early Qing Dynasty Immigration Village -Emperor Lanzhou Village、Wenxian Bay、Suzhou Temple、Hezhou Castle as an example "(19Y146) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Northwest Normal University、Lanzhou Institute of Technology Marxist College)