bet365 bonus code louisiana philosophical literature has experienced thousands of years of cultural accumulation，It is the bet365 bonus code louisiana people’s attitude toward nature、Systematicity in the fields of human society and human thinking、Deep understanding，It is also a written presentation of bet365 bonus code louisiana wisdom and the way of human survival，Carries the knowledge of the bet365 bonus code louisiana、Values ​​and Methodology，The philosophical rationality that embodies interpersonal coexistence and cooperation。Jesuits who came to China through the late Ming and early Qing dynasties、The continuous efforts of Christian missionaries who came to China in the Qing Dynasty and sinologists at home and abroad in modern times，The Spanish translation of bet365 bonus code louisiana philosophical literature becomes the dissemination of bet365 bonus code louisiana wisdom、A clear stream that constructed human rationality and continues to this day，Historically known as "The Spread of Middle School to the West"。In the history of modern translation’s promotion of cultural exchanges between China and the West，Gu Hongming, a famous figure in the late Qing Dynasty, is a typical representative of "the spread of middle school to the west"。However，Due to the reversal of Sino-Western relations after the 19th century，In terms of cultural exchanges, people tend to pay attention to the "spread of Western learning to the east"，But the "spreading of middle school to the west" tends to be forgotten，The contribution of Gu Hongming in translating bet365 bonus code louisiana cultural classics has also been ignored。In today’s context，Summary and reflect on the history of bet365 bonus code louisiana and Western translation of philosophy and dialogue between bet365 bonus code louisiana and Western philosophy，Refer to and learn from some of Gu Hongming’s translation practices，It is helpful to promote bet365 bonus code louisiana culture going global。

More than a hundred years ago，Gu Hongming expressed in the preface of his English translation of "The Doctrine of the Mean" that "The Doctrine of the Mean" is the book of bet365 bonus code louisiana wisdom，The English translation is to facilitate Europeans and Americans to understand the "Tao" of bet365 bonus code louisiana culture，Develop a sense of moral responsibility。Some people think this，The purpose of Gu Hongming’s translation is to promote bet365 bonus code louisiana culture，Present a good image of China。Actually，Gu Hongming’s true intention is to save the world。He translated "The Doctrine of the Mean" (1906)、The Analects of Confucius (1898) focuses on all mankind。He thinks the translation of "The Analects"，The core lies in the benevolence of a gentleman，This is also the morality that Westerners lack。He said: "The so-called Tao in the Six Classics of Confucius，The way of a gentleman。There must be a gentleman’s way in this world，Then everyone knows and gives in。If there is no way to be a gentleman，People don’t know how to give in to each other，Then there will be litigation between food and drink，In the land of Zunzu, conflicts arise。I wonder if there is any teaching，It is about the survival and destruction of human beings。”Obviously，Gu Hongming’s focus in translating bet365 bonus code louisiana classics is the civilization and enlightenment of all mankind。The reason why we admire bet365 bonus code louisiana culture，Because he tried to design an ideal moral personality based on Confucian culture，and promote it to the world，Rebuilding human moral and ethical order。Gu Hongming when translating bet365 bonus code louisiana philosophy classics，Strive to translate the moral values ​​contained in it into Western culture，To urge Western society to accept the moral civilization of benevolence，Abandon the civilization of gun violence。Although "Four Books and Five Classics" have been translated before，But Gu Hongming believes that the translation by Western missionaries is not accurate，There is even a suspicion of misreading。Out of negative evaluation and error correction intention of previous translations of bet365 bonus code louisiana classics，Retranslated by Gu Hongming。Gu Hongming’s full understanding of cross-language dyslexia in bet365 bonus code louisiana classics，And his efforts to alleviate reading comprehension difficulties for target language readers，The value coherence that can be derived from the translation of "The Analects"、Typical investigation in three aspects: value universality and bridging differences。

　　Looking for bet365 bonus code louisiana coherence

Although "The Analects" is a collection of quotations，The various parts seem scattered and messy，But the theme embodies the concepts of Confucian benevolence and humanistic education，The values ​​it promotes are a self-sufficient and complete unity。This has become a consensus among bet365 bonus code louisiana readers，But this is not the case from the perspective of cross-language understanding of translation。First，Except for the words of Confucius himself in The Analects，Also includes Zeng Zi、Youzi、Zixia、Zigong、Ziyou、Zi Zhang and other different voices，This is problematic for value coherence for Western readers。Secondly，Different place names in ancient China mentioned in The Analects、Proper names such as personal names，A reminder of its historical background for bet365 bonus code louisiana readers，The second one increases the richness of its style。But，It is confusing to Western readers，It reduces their interest in reading to a certain extent。

Western translators such as Legge and Willy，In the words of Schleiermacher，Everyone wants to understand and express "The Analects" from a bet365 bonus code louisiana perspective。However，This kind of literal translation cannot solve the problem of coherence in cross-language communication。Gu Hongming is different，Not only can he, as a bet365 bonus code louisiana person, appreciate the value coherence of the original work，At the same time, you can deeply understand the reading tendencies of English readers。He thinks of himself first as an educated Englishman，A typical target language reader，Thus express the Analects of Confucius in their language。In order to allow ordinary English readers to read smoothly，Understand its meaning and feel its stylistic features，Gu Hongming has concealed all proper names such as names of people and places in the original text that would affect the audience’s reading，Avoid affecting the meaning of the original text。In Gu Hongming’s opinion，Not so much confusing Western readers，It’s boring to read，Why not present the entire gist of the original text to them，Let them easily appreciate and understand the bet365 bonus code louisiana Confucian value system。

　　Discover the universality of bet365 bonus code louisiana

Steiner said，Translation is a magical process，Unity and diversity are at work simultaneously in this process。On the one hand，All translations try to eliminate diversity，Organize different world pictures into a unity；On the other hand，Translation tries to create diversity，Express the meaning of a discourse in a different way。bet365 bonus code louisiana's translation of "The Analects" is such a process。Concepts embodying Confucius’ values ​​in The Analects，Like the way of heaven、仁、Ceremony、loyalty and filial piety、Zhiyong、moderate、Xuesi、Sex、Xi et al，Although it is a product of China’s experience，But man and nature、Relationships between people，And people’s self-understanding and other value concerns are universal to human beings，This is also the basis for cross-language understanding。

Gu Hongming believes that Confucianism promotes "inner saints and outer kings"，It is true civilization and education，We can make up for the lack of the West through the bridge of translation。bet365 bonus code louisiana concept of expressing values，Everything that has no equivalent in English，Gu Hongming always adopts the strategy of explanation，Try to preserve the original values。For example，The Analects of Confucius, Chapter 1, Section 2, mentions that "a gentleman should stick to his roots，The foundation is established and the Tao is born。Those who are filial and loyal，The foundation of benevolence is "，“Filial piety” in the article refers to children’s respect, love and respect for their parents，“Ti” refers to the friendship and goodwill between children。And another superior concept "benevolence"，It is the Confucian concept of moral origin。Gu Hongming thinks，Although there is no corresponding concept in English，The affinity between people is a universal value。So，When explaining these three concepts，use good son respectively、good citizen and moral life。Compare with original text，The translation of "Ti" has changed in meaning。This is mainly because the human relationship between brothers and sisters in English culture is obviously different from that in bet365 bonus code louisiana culture，So China’s hatred is not a universal value。But，If you generalize it，Perform hypernym tracing，Then universality can be found。And "benevolence" is in English culture，From the perspective of its typical value，Can be included in civic morality。

　　Bridging the bet365 bonus code louisiana

The most important difference between bet365 bonus code louisiana and Western cultures lies in the understanding of human nature。Mainstream Western culture tends to admit that human nature is inherently evil，And innately，And live with it through a social contract。And bet365 bonus code louisiana traditional culture believes that，The evil in human nature is acquired，And through moral education，People can achieve the great cause of cultivating oneself, regulating one’s family, governing the country, and bringing peace to the world。

Gu Hongming saw the differences between bet365 bonus code louisiana and Western cultures，What’s more important is that he always thinks，Utilitarianism is human civilization，Especially the common dilemma faced by Western civilization，Therefore, we must rebuild the human moral order，Traditional bet365 bonus code louisiana Confucianism is a good medicine，This is the motivation for translating and disseminating Confucian classics to the West。There are not many bet365 bonus code louisiana philosophical classics translated by Gu Hongming，But they are all carefully selected。Among the "Four Books and Five Classics"，The reason why I chose "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "The Analects of Confucius"，Because these three works are enough to illustrate the moral civilization and benevolent spirit of the bet365 bonus code louisiana。Gu Hongming translated "The Doctrine of the Mean" as The Universal Order or Conduct of Life，Instead of following suit and seeking literal correspondence，To point out the value of the “gold mean”。This is obviously an effort at interpretation，Combines the reading status of Westerners with the life wisdom of Confucianism。When translating "The Analects"，He also strives to understand Confucius’ words from the perspective of Western readers，It can be said to be a bridge between the value differences between China and the West。

Gu Hongming’s translation，Let China’s wisdom and values ​​gain universal significance in the English-speaking world，It is the continuation of the "Western Transmission of Middle School" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties。Reflection and summary of Gu Hongming’s contribution in translating ancient bet365 bonus code louisiana cultural classics，Efforts to remove barriers to cross-language understanding，Conducive to promoting bet365 bonus code louisiana culture to continue to go to the world through the bridge of translation。

　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Foundation project "Research on the Sense Construction of Cross-Language Expressions of Core Concepts in bet365 bonus code louisiana Philosophy" (16BZX054)

(Author’s unit: bet365 bonus code louisiana of Foreign Languages, Shaanxi Normal University)