It is said that early in the apostles，Christianity has listed China as the goal of its mission。and to modern times，Some Western missionaries are more obsessed with "China Return to Lord"、Christ's "Beauty"。To modern times，Sinicization of Christianity is generally regarded as the only way for Christianity to spread and develop in China。Current，Whether in the academic community，Still in the social public domain，The Sinicization of Christianity has become a major topic related to the development of Christianity itself，Related research results can be described as dizzying。

I think about the following issues to be slightly present。First，The main problem of the Sinicization of Christianity。This seems to be a common sense problem，People inside may answer disconnected: Of course, the Chineseization of Christianity must be the main character of the church and believers。揆 Chinese Christian history，This kind of answer is in the same way of saying，Perseverance is based。​​For example，From the beginning of the nine years in Zhenguan, I entered China，Elite people in their teachings consciously fully attach and adapt to the Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism that adapt to the Chinese native，For your own efficient communication and development。Heresy Nestoli Pie of Jingjiao's Public Education，It is difficult to name after entering China，The thought of Lao Tzu Li Yan said: "True Way，Function Zhaozhang。Function Zhaozhang，Strongly known as Jingjiao Bet365 app download "，Taking this name is named Jingjiao。Daqin Jingjiao Pop Chinese Monument records: "Zong Zhou Dewan，Qing driver westward。Dodang Daoguang，Jingfeng East Fan "，This is clearly a legend that the weekend enters the flowers on the west of Lao Tzu，Yu Jingjiao Donglai is the teaching of Lao Tzu again。All this shows that Jingjiao is for development，The ideological concept of Taoism and Taoism attached to Li Tang。Scenic Priests also attached foreign religious Buddhism，Jingjiao Bei、"Sanwei Meng Danzan" and other Chinese scene teaching literature repeatedly supports the terminology of Buddhism，Ruyou、Cihang、Shizun, etc.，Even the Buddha is called God，Is Baya Brahma called the classics of Jingjiao，Scenic Littors who claim to be proclaimed by monks，I also take pride in accepting the purple crickets given by the court。Of course，More importantly，Scenic Priests also consciously attach the mainstream Confucian thoughts，On the one hand，They call for the believers to respect the princes of the believers，Great advocate loyalty and filial piety thought; on the other hand，They are a list of "Dao Fei Sheng Different"，Consciously puts the scenery in the framework of the Political and Education Relations of the Political Bishops set by the universal royal power。This comprehensive localization really ushered in the prosperity of Jingjiao，"Ten Dharma Flow，Shengjing of the Temple Full of Hundred Cities。

The preparation of the Missionary of the Catholic Jesuit of the Catholic Jesus in the late Ming Dynasty，It is clearly required that religious groups must be "corrected and adaptable in Christianity in China"。His adaptation strategy includes the following number: Heu Ru Rong Buddha，Take the layer route，Taking the Bet365 lotto review Conversion of the Conversion as the entry point，and then expand the influence of Catholicism; the important pillar of maintaining the unification of China -a moral explanation of the ancestor worship and honoring ceremony，and tolerance，To eliminate obstacles in the religious life of Chinese Catholic people; adapt to the principle of Chinese people's beliefs and the habits of literary friends，Using dumb missionary，Display Catholicism in Chinese works; adopt the scientific mission method，To satisfy some Confucian scholars and even the court to geography、Astronomy、Calendar、Mathematics and other western technology has a strong interest and need，Memorial with Western Technology as auxiliary means。This move strongly promoted the communication between Chinese and Western civilizations at that time，It also created a favorable atmosphere for the spread of Catholicism。The adaptive mission strategy used by Jesus, represented by Matteo Ricci is essentially to make Catholic Chinese Chinese。

That seems to，It seems that endogenous motivation is an effective mechanism to boost Christianization，But there is another side。Erik zürcher, 1928-2008) What pointed out，The traditional Chinese society and the imperial government will ask foreigners to be in culture、etiquette、Society、Politics and religion and other levels are in line with China's orthodox。If there is no civil and official people in the late Ming Dynasty, the wave of anti -education，Criticizing Catholic cracks、Anti -Loring、诬，It is difficult to imagine that there will be so many missionaries and Chinese Catholics commitment to integrate Confucian，Make a "Confucianism of Confucianism" that integrates Confucianism -a Confucian Catholicism。Bet365 app download Without the 1920s of the non -base supervision movement that lasted 6 years in the 1920s，and the government's recovery of education sovereignty movement at that time，It is difficult to imagine the self -church movement and the original color movement advocated by the people inside in order to deal with the time situation.。From this perspective，The Sinicization of Christianity is a joint effort to promote and push by the internal communication needs of the church or internal driving force or order or pressure from society.，Ignore the role of any of them，The understanding of Christianization of Christianity will be biased。

Second，Which of the Christian Chinese is more vitality、Can they play a positive function to Chinese society and culture? We still seek the answer to this question from historical resources。As described above，Scenic Promotion in the Tang Dynasty fully attached to the Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism tradition，Although the prosperity has appeared，But because Jingjiao walked far on the road of attached Buddhism，It failed to explain a set of independent Chinese theology that is sufficient to show its "important" and "true"，So that the historical books of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties are regarded as a branch of Buddhism。Huichang Fa Difficulty，Due to Tang Wuzong's paper destroying the Buddhist order，Scenicism suffers from pond fish，Together with Buddhism。Although Buddhism will flourish again in the future，Jingjiao is stunned，Silence and I heard。Until the end of the Ming Dynasty (1625), when the Daqin Jingjiao was unearthed，Jesus ran to each other，It is announced that Catholicism has been in China as early as the Tang Dynasty。In the late Ming and early Bet365 lotto review Qing dynasties, Catholicism adopted the missionary strategy of the Buddha to reprimand the Buddha，Its communication and development is quite "successful"，Chinese EU civilization has also benefited from the cultural exchanges of Jesus as an intermediary。But in the dispute between etiquette，Other practices that oppose Jesus' mission strategies and the "Ben True" of Catholicism with the Holy See，As a result, Kangxi is forbidden to teach。This illustrates from the opposite side.，Catholicism's spread in China will definitely encounter an irreplaceable obstacle，As a result of its complete loss of free dissemination in China。In the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century，Because the Chinese nation is facing the crisis of survival，Sinicization of Christianity has to take care of the vitality of Chinese traditional culture on the one hand，On the other hand, pay attention to the era of the era of national rejuvenation，and the topic of science and democracy reflecting the spirit of the times。The reason why the church's independent movement and the original color movement can become a historical reference for later and even the Sinicization of Christianity today，As they respect China's traditional culture，Also pay full attention to the trend and values ​​that reflect the spirit of the times，and try to maintain the affinity between them。

Last，To what extent can Christianization benefit both sides? The revelation of history is，The Sinicization of Christianity should be able to achieve a win -win situation。Excessive Buddhism of Jingjiao，As a result, its culprit disappears in the dust of history，Naturally, it cannot benefit them with Chinese society and culture。Richard Niber's historical sociology research indicates，Christianity bet365 Play online games has since emerged，In the long communication history，Five attitudes to deal with the relationship between yourself and culture: anti -culture、Outweight、Outweight、Contrary to culture、Reconstruction Culture。Although in a historical period in some society，Some sects have judged that secular culture is completely corrupted，Keep it high tension，Therefore, the prosperity of the moment is obtained，But this tension and prosperity are difficult to last for a long time。The Catholic Jesuit who came to China in the late Ming Dynasty basically adopted Paul's Christ's attitude of culture，Affirm that Chinese traditional Confucian culture is fundamentally consistent with Catholicism，Only in the spiritual field to maintain the so -called Catholic "important ways" and "Benzhen"，Reduce the tension between Confucianism to the minimum。This，It not only obtained considerable communication and development in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties，Even after "teaching difficulties" and even forbidden teaching，Its inheritance can still be continued，It is melted without disappearing。Localization and development of this kind of localization have benefited from China and Europe culture，This is the indisputable facts recognized by the international academic community。

To sum up，The Sinicization of Christianity is a dual drive under the church's internal needs and local cultural requirements，People inside the teachers, especially the conscious subject of the intellectual elite,，Ending the mainstream traditional culture of China，fully reflect the spirit of the Chinese nation，At the same time, the localization movement of its religious "priority" is not fully lost。As for the purpose of Christianization Bet365 app download of Christianity, it may be，On the one hand, find your own match with Chinese culture，On the other hand, the positive function of integrated cohesion of the society and culture in it。

(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy at Peking University、Department of Religion)